外研版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 6 At one with natureB卷 能力提升（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 6 At one with natureB卷 能力提升（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-09-19 14:33:37 | ||
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Unit 6 At one with nature B卷 能力提升—2023-2024学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修第一册单元达标测试卷
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in south China, Guilin is considered to be the pearl of China's thriving tourist industry on account of the natural beauty and historic treasures. Covering an area of about 27, 800 square kilometres (10,734 square miles), the city is rather compact when compared with other major travel destinations in the country. The eye-catching landscape in which the city is situated has a kind of magic that is all its own. The strangely shaped hills together with clear waters and wonderful caves make the city such an appealing destination. It is an important cultural city with a history of more than 2,000 years, and has been served as the political, economic and cultural centre of Guangxi since the Northern Song Dynasty (960—1127). It's the breathtaking scenery that has attracted many famous poets and artists for thousands of years. Artists are able to find inspiration from the karst mountains and the unmatched beauty of the Lijiang River.
Today Yangshuo's nightlife has sprung up to keep pace with contemporary China. You can still catch a glimpse of Guilin's yesteryear in the countryside where it has been and continues to be home to many ethnic minority groups. Every comer you look is picture postcard perfect! It is truly impossible to take a bad photo. There is an ancient saying here—"East or west, Guilin scenery is the best."
The former US president Bill Clinton visited Guilin in 1998. He said, "I heard of the name of Lijiang River long ago. Today I visit Lijiang River. It is more vivid and genuine than what I thought before. Nowhere is like Guilin. It makes me think of the traditional Chinese paintings."
1.What is the evidence that best supports "the pearl of China's thriving tourist industry"？
A.The natural beauty and historic treasures.
B.The eye-catching caves and magic people.
C.The clear waters and strangely shaped hills.
D.The long history and famous poets and artists.
2.How long has Guilin been the political centre of Guangxi
A.1,127 years. B.1,059 years. C.1,998 years. D.2,000 years.
3.Why is Bill Clinton mentioned in the text
A.To indicate Guilin is home to ethnic minority groups.
B.To show Guilin is separated from outside world.
C.To support Guilin's landscape is the best.
D.To tell readers he is a former president.t
B
“Luckily, I have some outside space on my balcony (阳台). I love surprising myself with what I can successfully grow there. It is a not so-secret trick: going vertical (垂直),” said Song, a college student from Shandong Province, when interviewed by a local media.
According to a recent report, the sales of vegetable seeds online in the first quarter doubled compared with the same period last year. Sales of products like gardening tools have increased by three times since April of last year. Out of all the people buying farming tools and seeds, most were born after 2000, like Song.
Song, a young “balcony farmer”, said his passion for planting was formed in his childhood when he lived with his grandma in the countryside, who liked to plant seasonal vegetables in her backyard garden. Now, Song lives in the city without a yard, but he continues his hobby with a balcony garden. “Growing fruits and vegetables not only brings delicious food, but also reminds me of the happy times with my grandma,” said Song.
Song is not alone. Fang Hua, from a computer company, considers planting a garden a good way to relax and develop patience. Bearing many working responsibilities, the 26- year old girl sometimes feels stressful. To relax herself, she started planting seeds and waited patiently on her balcony in 2021. After half a year, her balcony has become a “small garden”, including different flowers and herds.
“I need a space to escape from my daily duties,” Fang said, seeing the various colors and breathing fresh air. “I feel closer to nature on my balcony.” The vegetables and herbs may not be main foods on our table, but they will surely add a touch of taste to our busy days.
The youth like Song and Fang believe being a city farmer means a lot to their life. In fact, the young people of the new era seem to know life better than their parents.
1.What can we know from paragraph 2
A.The cost of gardening tools has risen now.
B.Balcony farming is difficult for most people.
C.More flowers and vegetables are sold online.
D.Many young people become interested in farming.
2.What inspired Song to start farming on his balcony
A.His learning stress. B.His good taste for food.
C.His house with a big balcony. D.His experience with his grandma.
3.Why does the author mention Fang’s story
A.To show a similar example. B.To give more advice.
C.To present another fact. D.To explain a problem.
4.What’s the most positive result the “small garden” brings to Fang
A.Healthy eating habits. B.Extra money.
C.Improving gardening skills. D.Getting relaxed.
C
There are many gardening tips. Some suggest playing music for your houseplants, having conversations with them, or even giving them a gentle touch now and then. Most of these practices are probably more for the benefit of the gardener than the garden, and generally harmless enough but except the last one. Your plants really dislike it when you touch them.
A new study out of the La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food has found that most plants are extremely sensitive to touch, and even a light touch can significantly stunt(遏制) their growth. "The lightest touch from a human, animals, insects, or even plants touching each other in the wind, can cause a huge gene response in the plant," said Jim Whelan, who led the new study. "Within 30 minutes of being touched, 10% of the plant's genome(基因组) can be changed. This involves a huge expenditure(消耗) of energy which is taken away from plant growth. If the touching is repeated, then plant growth is reduced by up to 30%."
Whelan and his team are still trying to find out why plants respond, at the genetic level, so strongly. They do have some theories, however. "We know that when an insect lands on a plant, genes are activated(激活) preparing the plant for defending itself against being eaten," said Dr. Yan Wang, coauthor of the study.
Until more research is done, it's just a guess at this point. Still, the findings might already lead to new methods for how agriculturalists deal with their crops, to best promote healthier growth.
It's worth noticing that while the study found that plants often respond to just a single touch in negative ways, it's really repeated touch that causes lasting stunted growth. That's because the plants are looking for patterns in the touching, to tell harmful touch from random touch. So it doesn't matter if you accidentally brush up against a bush during a walk through the woods.
1. How is the passage mainly developed
A. By comparing. B. By giving examples.
C. By listing numbers. D. By showing results of studies.
2. Why can touching stunt a plant growing according to the study
A. It leads to the plant's energy expenditure.
B. It makes the plant sensitive to threats.
C. It causes a genetic disorder in the plant.
D. It prevents the plant absorbing nutrients.
3. What's the importance of the study by Whelan and his team
A. It gives us more useful gardening tips.
B. It helps find ways to ensure plants' healthy growth.
C. It contributes to the further study on genes.
D. It uses data to warn people not to touch plants.
4. What is the passage mainly about
A. Something is done to help plants grow.
B. Plants' genome can be changed easily.
C. Plants don't really like to be touched.
D. What we do every day may destroy plants.
D
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures.
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Be Eco-friendly
More than half the planet's population now live in cities, with limited access to the natural world. For Europe and Latin America, the figure is more than 70%. ①_____
Gardening in particular is an opportunity for everyone to have such kind of experience, even if they live in built-up areas. It is typically seen as moderate(适度的) intensity exercise equal to playing doubles tennis or walking at a speed of 3.5 mph, so it has similar fitness benefits.
②_____ Home and gardens have long been important for family food production, but gardening can also encourage people to eat more healthily and act as an educational resource of nutritious food. In fact, children who take part in gardening and grow their own food have a greater preference for, and increased consumption of, fruit and vegetables.
③_____ Research has shown that gardeners generally have greater life satisfaction, raised self-esteem and fewer feelings of depression and anger than non-gardeners.
This last point suggests that the mental benefits of gardening may be more than just a side effect of the physical exercise involved. ④_____ People with strong social networks have increased life expectancy, less stress and fewer visits to the doctor. In addition, spending time outdoors in a natural environment helps us to feel less stressed, reduce the symptoms of depression, and improve our concentration and attention.
All the evidence shows there's a strong relationship between gardening and health, but we only know for sure that there is connection, not "cause and effect". ⑤_____ We also need to directly examine the immediate effects of gardening on people who have never previously taken part or are suffering from mental and physical ill health.
A.Gardening is also linked to better diets.
B.But more than this, it can improve people's mental health.
C.One possible reason is that gardening can involve social interaction.
D.Good eating is supposed to include a balance of several food groups.
E.Yet contact with nature has varieties of benefits for both physical and mental health.
F.This means gardening alone is not necessarily a direct cause of any improvements in health.
G.Remaining socially active can also inspire seniors to build confidence and live a healthy life.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March——nearly six months out of the year.
"Of course, we 1 it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. "We see the sky is 2 , but down in the valley it's darker—it's like on a cloudy day."
But that 3 when a system of high-tech 4 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 6 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 7 them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the town's central 8 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 9 , Rjukan residents gathered together.
"People have been 10 there and standing there and taking 11 of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally 12 . I think almost all the people in the town were there." The 3,500 residents cannot all 13 the sunshine at the same time. However, the new light feels like more than enough for the town's 14 residents.
"It's not very big," she says, "but it is enough when we are 15 ."
1.A.fear B.believe C.hear D.notice
2.A.empty B.blue C.high D.wide
3.A.helped B.changed C.happened D.mattered
4.A.computers B.telescopes C.mirrors D.cameras
5.A.remembered B.forecasted C.received D.imagined
6.A.repair B.risk C.rest D.use
7.A.forbids B.directs C.predicts D.follows
8.A.library B.hall C.square D.street
9.A.appeared B.returned C.faded D.stopped
10.A.driving B.hiding C.camping D.sitting
11.A.pictures B.notes C.care D.hold
12.A.new B.full C.flat D.silent
13.A.block B.avoid C.enjoy D.store
14.A.nature-loving B.energy-saving C.weather-beaten D.sun-starved
15.A.trying B.waiting C.watching D.sharing
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Longji Rice Terraces, ①_____(build) by the local Zhuang and Yao people, ②_____ whom Guangxi is home, have a long history. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces ③_____(take) hundreds of years, until its ④_____(complete) in the early Qing Dynasty.
There are two reasons for which people went to so much trouble ⑤_____(turn) the entire mountains into terraces. ⑥_____ one thing, building the terraces meant they another, the terraces could stop the ⑦_____(lose) of soil. They have designed and built waterways around the terraces.
Modern technology could help produce more crops, ⑧_____ it's still significant to build such terraces. For the local people, the traditions hold much value. This knowledge ⑨_____(pass) down through families from generation to generation. It reflects the harmony between man and nature. The Longji Rice Terraces attract a great number of tourists ⑩_____ want to admire this great wonder.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是李华， 你的英国笔友Jack对你居住的北京，尤其是古迹感兴趣。 请给他写一封电子邮件，介绍北京的基本情况，内容包括：
1.北京是著名古都；
2.存有大量历史文化遗迹(介绍3个以上）；
3.游客众多。
注意：
1.词数:80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
My father asked me to chat with him for a while. Actually, I was unwilling to listen to his talking endlessly as he always did My father was a lawyer, but I never wanted to go to law school or follow his path through life.
As we expected, he cleared his throat and started to say, "Er... What... What do you really want to do in the gorgeous future "
I was silent for a moment playing with the cell phone. I kept thinking, "Should I tell him my true thoughts What if he gets angry What if I let him down " later I replied, "well, I want to be a writer."
I guessed this may be not the answer he would expect. But surprisingly, "Interesting idea!" he answered. I was shocked, speaking in a low voice with hesitation.
"Are you serious, dad "
"Well, you need confidence and good preparations, and you still have plenty of time. You need to find out what you really enjoy now. Look, it's late. Let's take the boat out tomorrow morning, just you and me. Maybe we can catch some crabs(螃蟹) for dinner, and we can talk more."
Early next morning we packed up the equipment and set off along the coasts We didn't talk much, but enjoyed the sound of the seabirds and the sight of the coastline.
There were no big waves and blinding sunlight at that time. "Let's see if we get lucky," he said, picked up a web basket with a rope tied and threw it into the sea. We waited a while, then my father stood up and said, "Give me a hand with this." and we pulled up the crab cage onto the deck. To our joy, the cage was filled with dozens of soft shell crabs. Squatting(蹲) down, we watched them for a moment. At first they fought against each other to climb out hard, trying to escape. Many were pulled back into the cage. Later, some gave up, but there are still some crabs trying to escape again and again.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1 ：
At that moment, my father pointed to the cage, "Look at that crab, there!"
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
From that day on, I was determined to make my dream come true.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 ABC
解析：1.细节理解题.根据第一段第一句中的 on account of the natural beauty and historic treasures 可知,桂林之所以被称为 "中国蓬勃发展的旅游业的明珠", 是因为其拥有的自然美景和历史瑰宝.
2.细节理解题.根据第一段中的 and has been served as the political, economic and cultural centre of Guangxi since the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) 可知,桂林从北宋起就是广西的政治中心,也就是从960年起,至今已1,059年,故选B.
3.推理判断题.根据第三段可知,例子是用来证明观点的,作者提到克林顿总统,就是为了证明桂林山水甲天下.
B
答案：DDAD
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“the sales of vegetable seeds online in the first quarter doubled compared with the same period last year(今年第一季度蔬菜种子的网上销售额比去年同期翻了一番)”及“Out of all the people buying farming tools and seeds, most were born after 2000, like Song.(在所有购买农具和种子的人中,大部分人是00后,例如宋。)”可知,许多年轻人对农业产生了兴趣。故选D。
2.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“his passion for planting was formed in his childhood when he lived with his grandma in the countryside”可知,激励宋开始在阳台上种植的是他和他奶奶的经历。故选D。
3.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Song is not alone. Fang Hua, from a computer company, considers planting a garden a good way to relax and develop patience.(宋并不是个例。来自一家电脑公司的方华认为,种植菜园是一种放松和培养耐心的好方法。)”可推断出,作者提到方的故事是为了举一个类似的例子。故选A。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Bearing many working responsibilities, the 26-year-old girl sometimes feels stressed. To relax herself, she started planting seeds and waited patiently on her balcony in 2021.(由于承担了许多工作任务,这个26岁的女孩有时感到压力很大。为了放松自己,她在2021年开始在阳台上播种,并耐心等待。)”可推断出,小菜园给方带来的最积极的结果是得到放松。故选D。
C
答案：DABC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的A new study out of the La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food has found that most plants are extremely sensitive to touch和第三段中的Whelan and his team are still trying to find out why plants respond以及第四段中的Until more research is done, it's just a guess at this point.可知,本文主要是通过展示研究成果来展开语篇的,故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的This involves a huge expenditure(消耗) of energy which is taken away from plant growth. If the touching is repeated, then plant growth is reduced by up to 30%.可知,这包括从植物生长中带走的巨大的能量消耗。如果重复触碰,植物生长将减少30%。因此触摸会消耗植物的能量,故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Whelan and his team are still trying to find out why plants respond, at the genetic level, so strongly.(Whelan和他的团队仍在试图找出为什么植物在基因水平上的反应如此强烈。)及第四段Until more research is done, it's just a guess at this point. Still, the findings might already lead to new methods for how agriculturalists deal with their crops, to best promote healthier growth.(在做更多的研究之前,此时这只是一个猜测,尽管如此,这些发现可能已经为农学家如何处理他们的作物带来了新的方法,以最好地促进更健康的生长。) 可知 Whelan和他的团队研究的重要性在于它有助于找到确保植物健康生长的方法,故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。阅读全文尤其第一段中的Your plants really dislike it when you touch them.可知,本文主要介绍了植物真的不喜欢被触摸,故选C项。
D
答案：ADCA
解析：1. 推理判断题。本题题干意为"文章第二段的主要内容是什么？"。文章第二段用比较详实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项（加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况）符合题意。B：加利福尼亚大树多样性的增加；C：加利福尼亚森林中大树的分布；D：农业对加利福尼亚大树的影响。
2.推理判断题。本题题干意为"下面哪种措施用意良好，但对大树有可能是有害的？"。根据文章第三段中的"Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources."（激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，而这些小树会与大树争夺资源）可知，控制野火的用意是好的，但是似乎对大树并不好，故D项（火的控制措施）正确。A：森林的生态研究；B：树木砍伐禁令；C：限制住房开发。
3. 细节理解题。本题题干意为"根据McIntyre的说法，缺水的主要原因是什么？"。根据文章最后一段可知，McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来，缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项（更热的气候）符合题意。A：融雪不足；B：更长的旱季；D：空气潮湿。
4. 主旨大意题。本题题干意为"本文合适的标题是什么？"。本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是California、big trees、loss。因此A项是比较合适的题目，包括了文章的核心信息。B：加利福尼亚将很快禁止砍伐大树；C：为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林是重要的？；D：Patrick McIntyre：在加利福尼亚种更多的大树。
第二节
答案：①-⑤EABCF
解析：①根据上文可知, 地球上超过半数的人都生活在城市里, 接触自然世界的机会非常有限。再根据下一段的内容可知, 整篇文章都在讲园艺这种接触大自然的方式对身心健康的各种好处。因而设空处应该表达明确的转折关系, 与设空处上文形成对比。故E项符合语境。
②设空句为本段首句, 通常情况应起到段落主旨句的作用。根据后文可知, 园艺可以鼓励人们吃得更健康, 并可以作为营养食品方面的教育资源, 同时指出参加园艺活动更有助于孩子们健康饮食。A选项指出园艺也与更好的饮食联系在一起, 符合本段语境。
③根据下文generally have greater life satisfaction, raised self-esteem and fewer feelings of depression and anger than non-gardeners可知, 园艺能改善人们的心理健康。故B项符合语境。
④设空处上文指出园艺给人们的心理健康带来的益处不仅仅是锻炼身体时所带来的意外好处, 而C选项指出一个原因可能是园艺活动能促进社交互动, 前后两部分都在讲述园艺对人的好处, 且social interaction与设空处后的social networks相呼应, 符合语境。
⑤设空处上句指出, 我们确定园艺和健康之间有联系, 但不是"因和果"的关系。F选项(这意味着单靠园艺活动不一定可以直接改善健康)引出下文, 即我们还需要检测园艺对从未参加过园艺活动或身体和心理状况不佳的人的直接影响。故F项承上启下, 符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.DBBCC; 6-10.DBCAD; 11-15.ABCDD
解析：1.根据空后的when the sun is shining和下文的We see the sky is ________ 并结合语境可知,此处指虽然小镇有近半年的时间没有阳光照射,但是当太阳照耀时,小镇的人是能看见太阳和蓝天的。notice意为“看见”,符合语境。fear 意为“害怕”;believe意为“相信”;hear意为“听到”。
2.根据空后的but和darker可知,设空处意思与darker相反,再根据首段对留坎小镇的地形描述可知,小镇在群山之中,小镇里的居民仰头可以看见蓝天,但是山谷里却是阴暗的。blue 意为“蓝色的”,符合语境。
3.空前But为表转折的提示词,表示有变化发生。change意为“改变”,符合语境。help意为“帮助”;happen意为“发生”;matter意为“有关系”。
4.根据空后的关键词reflect和第6空后的mirrors可知,此处表示小镇引进了一组高科技镜面。mirror 意为“镜子”,符合语境。computer意为“电脑”;telescope意为“望远镜”;camera意为“照相机”。
5.根据上文可知,镜面系统将安装在周边山峰,从山峰将阳光反射到小镇。此处表示小镇的居民在周三收到了第一缕冬日阳光。receive 意为“收到”,符合语境。remember 意为“记得”;forecast意为“预报”;imagine意为“想象”。
6.根据第三段第一句中的a system of high-tech ________ was introduced和空前的residents of Rjukan _________ their very first ray of winter sunshine可知,此处指的是一组高科技反射镜面被投入使用。put sth to use意为“将某物投入使用”,符合语境。
7.根据空前的The mirrors are controlled by a computer和空后的to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.可知,电脑的作用是来控制、管理这组反射镜面的。direct 意为“指挥;管理”,符合语境。forbid 意为“禁止”;predict意为“预言”;follow意为“跟随”。
8.根据空后的creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters和第四段中的The town square可知,这组镜面将光束集中反射到小镇的中心广场,光照的面积大约为600平方米。square意为“广场”,符合语境。library 意为“图书馆”;hall意为“大厅”;street意为“街道”。
9.根据上下文语境及设空处后的Rjukan residents gathered together可知,小镇居民齐聚在广场的时候应是有阳光出现的时候。appear 意为“出现”,符合语境。return 意为“返回”;fade意为“逐渐消失”;stop意为“停止”。
10.根据空后的 standing there and taking _________ of each other可知,此处描述人们相聚在广场时热闹的场景。sit 意为“坐”,符合语境。drive 意为“驾驶”;hide意为“躲藏”;camp意为“宿营”。
11.设空处所在句主要描述小镇居民相聚在有阳光的广场上的场景。take pictures of sb意为“给某人拍照”;take notes of意为“记录”,多接物作宾语;take care of意为“照顾”;take hold of意为“握住;抓住不放”。根据语境并结合四个选项可知,A项符合语境。
12.根据下文的I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知,有阳光的时候,几乎小镇上所有的居民都汇集到广场上了。故可推断此处表示这个小镇广场上挤满了人。full 意为“满的”,符合语境。new意为“新的”;flat意为“平的”;silent意为“寂静的”。
13.上文提到光照的面积只有大约600平方米,而空前却说小镇有3,500人,故可推断出此处表示所有的居民不可能同时享受到阳光。enjoy 意为“享受”,符合语境。block 意为“阻挡”;avoid意为“避开”;store意为“储存”。
14.由上文可知,小镇的居民一年中有将近六个月是享受不到阳光的。sun-starved 意为“缺乏阳光的”,符合语境。nature-loving意为“热爱自然的”;energy-saving意为“节能的”;weather-beaten意为“饱经风霜的”。
15.由上文提到的大约600平方米的照射面积不能让所有居民同时享受阳光可知,只有当居民轮流站在阳光下大家才能都享受到冬日的暖阳,从而推断出此处表示“分享”。share 意为“分享”,符合语境。try意为“尝试”;wait意为“等待”;watch意为“观看”。
第二节
答案：①built ②to ③took ④completion ⑤to turn ⑥For ⑦loss ⑧but ⑨is passed ⑩that/who
解析：①考查过去分词。龙脊梯田是由当地的壮族和瑶族人建设的。空前The Longji Rice Terraces与所给动词build是被动关系, 且该句已经有谓语动词have, 故填built。
②考查介词。此处是"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句, 定语从句中谓语动词的固定搭配是be home to sb., 所以需用to whom连接。故此处填to。
③考查动词时态。这里说的是过去的事, 应为一般过去时, 故填took。
④考查名词。空前是形容词性物主代词its, 其后需用名词, 故填completion。
⑤考查动词不定式。go to the trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦做某事, 故填to turn。
⑥考查介词。句意: 一方面, 修建梯田意味着他们可以增加可以种植水稻的区域。for one thing一方面, 固定搭配, 故填For。
⑦考查词性转换。句意: 另一方面, 梯田能够防止土壤流失。空前为定冠词the, 其后需用所给词的名词形式, 故填loss。
⑧考查连词。句意: 现代技术有助于有更多的收成, 但是修建这样的梯田仍然意义重大。前后语意发生转折, 故填but。
⑨考查被动语态。主语knowledge与所给动词pass是被动关系, 需用被动语态。陈述的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 故填is passed。
⑩考查关系代词。句意: 龙脊梯田吸引了大量想要欣赏这片奇观的游客。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 修饰空前名词tourists, 且设空处在定语从句中作主语, 故填that/who。
第三节
答案：
Dear Jack,
I'm glad that you are interested in Beijing, the capital of China. Beijing has a long history, which has many famous ancient relics, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and the Forbidden City. Our city is also very new and modern, and it takes on a new look almost every day. Many high buildings have been put up in recent years.
Every year, millions of visitors, both home and abroad, come to visit our city. The Great Wall is world-famous, which is a must for every visitor to enjoy. I hope that you'll come in the future, and I'll show you around our city.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
Paragraph 1 ：
At that moment, my father pointed to the cage, "Look at that crab, there!" Staring at the crab, I found that every time he wanted to escape, he was pulled back into the cage. However, he didn't give up his fight. Fortunately, he survived from the struggle eventually. Shocked and amazed, I suddenly understood why my father had suggested catching crabs that morning. I thought the future would be filled with many possibilities. Everyone would need to find out what he enjoyed and held on to it.
Paragraph 2 ：
From that day on, I was determined to make my dream come true. Besides my devotion to school work, I spent all my spare time making full preparations for becoming a writer. Reading, collecting materials and writing made my life busy but fulfilled, which laid a good foundation for me. Meanwhile, I contributed to literary journals. Gradually, some achievements as a writer increased my confidence. I always think of the crab whenever faced with difficulties. What my father said also encouraged me on my way to success. Now I am grateful for sticking to the thing I truly dreamed of.
2
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in south China, Guilin is considered to be the pearl of China's thriving tourist industry on account of the natural beauty and historic treasures. Covering an area of about 27, 800 square kilometres (10,734 square miles), the city is rather compact when compared with other major travel destinations in the country. The eye-catching landscape in which the city is situated has a kind of magic that is all its own. The strangely shaped hills together with clear waters and wonderful caves make the city such an appealing destination. It is an important cultural city with a history of more than 2,000 years, and has been served as the political, economic and cultural centre of Guangxi since the Northern Song Dynasty (960—1127). It's the breathtaking scenery that has attracted many famous poets and artists for thousands of years. Artists are able to find inspiration from the karst mountains and the unmatched beauty of the Lijiang River.
Today Yangshuo's nightlife has sprung up to keep pace with contemporary China. You can still catch a glimpse of Guilin's yesteryear in the countryside where it has been and continues to be home to many ethnic minority groups. Every comer you look is picture postcard perfect! It is truly impossible to take a bad photo. There is an ancient saying here—"East or west, Guilin scenery is the best."
The former US president Bill Clinton visited Guilin in 1998. He said, "I heard of the name of Lijiang River long ago. Today I visit Lijiang River. It is more vivid and genuine than what I thought before. Nowhere is like Guilin. It makes me think of the traditional Chinese paintings."
1.What is the evidence that best supports "the pearl of China's thriving tourist industry"？
A.The natural beauty and historic treasures.
B.The eye-catching caves and magic people.
C.The clear waters and strangely shaped hills.
D.The long history and famous poets and artists.
2.How long has Guilin been the political centre of Guangxi
A.1,127 years. B.1,059 years. C.1,998 years. D.2,000 years.
3.Why is Bill Clinton mentioned in the text
A.To indicate Guilin is home to ethnic minority groups.
B.To show Guilin is separated from outside world.
C.To support Guilin's landscape is the best.
D.To tell readers he is a former president.t
B
“Luckily, I have some outside space on my balcony (阳台). I love surprising myself with what I can successfully grow there. It is a not so-secret trick: going vertical (垂直),” said Song, a college student from Shandong Province, when interviewed by a local media.
According to a recent report, the sales of vegetable seeds online in the first quarter doubled compared with the same period last year. Sales of products like gardening tools have increased by three times since April of last year. Out of all the people buying farming tools and seeds, most were born after 2000, like Song.
Song, a young “balcony farmer”, said his passion for planting was formed in his childhood when he lived with his grandma in the countryside, who liked to plant seasonal vegetables in her backyard garden. Now, Song lives in the city without a yard, but he continues his hobby with a balcony garden. “Growing fruits and vegetables not only brings delicious food, but also reminds me of the happy times with my grandma,” said Song.
Song is not alone. Fang Hua, from a computer company, considers planting a garden a good way to relax and develop patience. Bearing many working responsibilities, the 26- year old girl sometimes feels stressful. To relax herself, she started planting seeds and waited patiently on her balcony in 2021. After half a year, her balcony has become a “small garden”, including different flowers and herds.
“I need a space to escape from my daily duties,” Fang said, seeing the various colors and breathing fresh air. “I feel closer to nature on my balcony.” The vegetables and herbs may not be main foods on our table, but they will surely add a touch of taste to our busy days.
The youth like Song and Fang believe being a city farmer means a lot to their life. In fact, the young people of the new era seem to know life better than their parents.
1.What can we know from paragraph 2
A.The cost of gardening tools has risen now.
B.Balcony farming is difficult for most people.
C.More flowers and vegetables are sold online.
D.Many young people become interested in farming.
2.What inspired Song to start farming on his balcony
A.His learning stress. B.His good taste for food.
C.His house with a big balcony. D.His experience with his grandma.
3.Why does the author mention Fang’s story
A.To show a similar example. B.To give more advice.
C.To present another fact. D.To explain a problem.
4.What’s the most positive result the “small garden” brings to Fang
A.Healthy eating habits. B.Extra money.
C.Improving gardening skills. D.Getting relaxed.
C
There are many gardening tips. Some suggest playing music for your houseplants, having conversations with them, or even giving them a gentle touch now and then. Most of these practices are probably more for the benefit of the gardener than the garden, and generally harmless enough but except the last one. Your plants really dislike it when you touch them.
A new study out of the La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food has found that most plants are extremely sensitive to touch, and even a light touch can significantly stunt(遏制) their growth. "The lightest touch from a human, animals, insects, or even plants touching each other in the wind, can cause a huge gene response in the plant," said Jim Whelan, who led the new study. "Within 30 minutes of being touched, 10% of the plant's genome(基因组) can be changed. This involves a huge expenditure(消耗) of energy which is taken away from plant growth. If the touching is repeated, then plant growth is reduced by up to 30%."
Whelan and his team are still trying to find out why plants respond, at the genetic level, so strongly. They do have some theories, however. "We know that when an insect lands on a plant, genes are activated(激活) preparing the plant for defending itself against being eaten," said Dr. Yan Wang, coauthor of the study.
Until more research is done, it's just a guess at this point. Still, the findings might already lead to new methods for how agriculturalists deal with their crops, to best promote healthier growth.
It's worth noticing that while the study found that plants often respond to just a single touch in negative ways, it's really repeated touch that causes lasting stunted growth. That's because the plants are looking for patterns in the touching, to tell harmful touch from random touch. So it doesn't matter if you accidentally brush up against a bush during a walk through the woods.
1. How is the passage mainly developed
A. By comparing. B. By giving examples.
C. By listing numbers. D. By showing results of studies.
2. Why can touching stunt a plant growing according to the study
A. It leads to the plant's energy expenditure.
B. It makes the plant sensitive to threats.
C. It causes a genetic disorder in the plant.
D. It prevents the plant absorbing nutrients.
3. What's the importance of the study by Whelan and his team
A. It gives us more useful gardening tips.
B. It helps find ways to ensure plants' healthy growth.
C. It contributes to the further study on genes.
D. It uses data to warn people not to touch plants.
4. What is the passage mainly about
A. Something is done to help plants grow.
B. Plants' genome can be changed easily.
C. Plants don't really like to be touched.
D. What we do every day may destroy plants.
D
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures.
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Be Eco-friendly
More than half the planet's population now live in cities, with limited access to the natural world. For Europe and Latin America, the figure is more than 70%. ①_____
Gardening in particular is an opportunity for everyone to have such kind of experience, even if they live in built-up areas. It is typically seen as moderate(适度的) intensity exercise equal to playing doubles tennis or walking at a speed of 3.5 mph, so it has similar fitness benefits.
②_____ Home and gardens have long been important for family food production, but gardening can also encourage people to eat more healthily and act as an educational resource of nutritious food. In fact, children who take part in gardening and grow their own food have a greater preference for, and increased consumption of, fruit and vegetables.
③_____ Research has shown that gardeners generally have greater life satisfaction, raised self-esteem and fewer feelings of depression and anger than non-gardeners.
This last point suggests that the mental benefits of gardening may be more than just a side effect of the physical exercise involved. ④_____ People with strong social networks have increased life expectancy, less stress and fewer visits to the doctor. In addition, spending time outdoors in a natural environment helps us to feel less stressed, reduce the symptoms of depression, and improve our concentration and attention.
All the evidence shows there's a strong relationship between gardening and health, but we only know for sure that there is connection, not "cause and effect". ⑤_____ We also need to directly examine the immediate effects of gardening on people who have never previously taken part or are suffering from mental and physical ill health.
A.Gardening is also linked to better diets.
B.But more than this, it can improve people's mental health.
C.One possible reason is that gardening can involve social interaction.
D.Good eating is supposed to include a balance of several food groups.
E.Yet contact with nature has varieties of benefits for both physical and mental health.
F.This means gardening alone is not necessarily a direct cause of any improvements in health.
G.Remaining socially active can also inspire seniors to build confidence and live a healthy life.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March——nearly six months out of the year.
"Of course, we 1 it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. "We see the sky is 2 , but down in the valley it's darker—it's like on a cloudy day."
But that 3 when a system of high-tech 4 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民) of Rjukan 5 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 6 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 7 them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the town's central 8 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 9 , Rjukan residents gathered together.
"People have been 10 there and standing there and taking 11 of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally 12 . I think almost all the people in the town were there." The 3,500 residents cannot all 13 the sunshine at the same time. However, the new light feels like more than enough for the town's 14 residents.
"It's not very big," she says, "but it is enough when we are 15 ."
1.A.fear B.believe C.hear D.notice
2.A.empty B.blue C.high D.wide
3.A.helped B.changed C.happened D.mattered
4.A.computers B.telescopes C.mirrors D.cameras
5.A.remembered B.forecasted C.received D.imagined
6.A.repair B.risk C.rest D.use
7.A.forbids B.directs C.predicts D.follows
8.A.library B.hall C.square D.street
9.A.appeared B.returned C.faded D.stopped
10.A.driving B.hiding C.camping D.sitting
11.A.pictures B.notes C.care D.hold
12.A.new B.full C.flat D.silent
13.A.block B.avoid C.enjoy D.store
14.A.nature-loving B.energy-saving C.weather-beaten D.sun-starved
15.A.trying B.waiting C.watching D.sharing
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Longji Rice Terraces, ①_____(build) by the local Zhuang and Yao people, ②_____ whom Guangxi is home, have a long history. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces ③_____(take) hundreds of years, until its ④_____(complete) in the early Qing Dynasty.
There are two reasons for which people went to so much trouble ⑤_____(turn) the entire mountains into terraces. ⑥_____ one thing, building the terraces meant they another, the terraces could stop the ⑦_____(lose) of soil. They have designed and built waterways around the terraces.
Modern technology could help produce more crops, ⑧_____ it's still significant to build such terraces. For the local people, the traditions hold much value. This knowledge ⑨_____(pass) down through families from generation to generation. It reflects the harmony between man and nature. The Longji Rice Terraces attract a great number of tourists ⑩_____ want to admire this great wonder.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是李华， 你的英国笔友Jack对你居住的北京，尤其是古迹感兴趣。 请给他写一封电子邮件，介绍北京的基本情况，内容包括：
1.北京是著名古都；
2.存有大量历史文化遗迹(介绍3个以上）；
3.游客众多。
注意：
1.词数:80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
My father asked me to chat with him for a while. Actually, I was unwilling to listen to his talking endlessly as he always did My father was a lawyer, but I never wanted to go to law school or follow his path through life.
As we expected, he cleared his throat and started to say, "Er... What... What do you really want to do in the gorgeous future "
I was silent for a moment playing with the cell phone. I kept thinking, "Should I tell him my true thoughts What if he gets angry What if I let him down " later I replied, "well, I want to be a writer."
I guessed this may be not the answer he would expect. But surprisingly, "Interesting idea!" he answered. I was shocked, speaking in a low voice with hesitation.
"Are you serious, dad "
"Well, you need confidence and good preparations, and you still have plenty of time. You need to find out what you really enjoy now. Look, it's late. Let's take the boat out tomorrow morning, just you and me. Maybe we can catch some crabs(螃蟹) for dinner, and we can talk more."
Early next morning we packed up the equipment and set off along the coasts We didn't talk much, but enjoyed the sound of the seabirds and the sight of the coastline.
There were no big waves and blinding sunlight at that time. "Let's see if we get lucky," he said, picked up a web basket with a rope tied and threw it into the sea. We waited a while, then my father stood up and said, "Give me a hand with this." and we pulled up the crab cage onto the deck. To our joy, the cage was filled with dozens of soft shell crabs. Squatting(蹲) down, we watched them for a moment. At first they fought against each other to climb out hard, trying to escape. Many were pulled back into the cage. Later, some gave up, but there are still some crabs trying to escape again and again.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1 ：
At that moment, my father pointed to the cage, "Look at that crab, there!"
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Paragraph 2：
From that day on, I was determined to make my dream come true.
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答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 ABC
解析：1.细节理解题.根据第一段第一句中的 on account of the natural beauty and historic treasures 可知,桂林之所以被称为 "中国蓬勃发展的旅游业的明珠", 是因为其拥有的自然美景和历史瑰宝.
2.细节理解题.根据第一段中的 and has been served as the political, economic and cultural centre of Guangxi since the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) 可知,桂林从北宋起就是广西的政治中心,也就是从960年起,至今已1,059年,故选B.
3.推理判断题.根据第三段可知,例子是用来证明观点的,作者提到克林顿总统,就是为了证明桂林山水甲天下.
B
答案：DDAD
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“the sales of vegetable seeds online in the first quarter doubled compared with the same period last year(今年第一季度蔬菜种子的网上销售额比去年同期翻了一番)”及“Out of all the people buying farming tools and seeds, most were born after 2000, like Song.(在所有购买农具和种子的人中,大部分人是00后,例如宋。)”可知,许多年轻人对农业产生了兴趣。故选D。
2.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“his passion for planting was formed in his childhood when he lived with his grandma in the countryside”可知,激励宋开始在阳台上种植的是他和他奶奶的经历。故选D。
3.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Song is not alone. Fang Hua, from a computer company, considers planting a garden a good way to relax and develop patience.(宋并不是个例。来自一家电脑公司的方华认为,种植菜园是一种放松和培养耐心的好方法。)”可推断出,作者提到方的故事是为了举一个类似的例子。故选A。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Bearing many working responsibilities, the 26-year-old girl sometimes feels stressed. To relax herself, she started planting seeds and waited patiently on her balcony in 2021.(由于承担了许多工作任务,这个26岁的女孩有时感到压力很大。为了放松自己,她在2021年开始在阳台上播种,并耐心等待。)”可推断出,小菜园给方带来的最积极的结果是得到放松。故选D。
C
答案：DABC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的A new study out of the La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food has found that most plants are extremely sensitive to touch和第三段中的Whelan and his team are still trying to find out why plants respond以及第四段中的Until more research is done, it's just a guess at this point.可知,本文主要是通过展示研究成果来展开语篇的,故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的This involves a huge expenditure(消耗) of energy which is taken away from plant growth. If the touching is repeated, then plant growth is reduced by up to 30%.可知,这包括从植物生长中带走的巨大的能量消耗。如果重复触碰,植物生长将减少30%。因此触摸会消耗植物的能量,故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Whelan and his team are still trying to find out why plants respond, at the genetic level, so strongly.(Whelan和他的团队仍在试图找出为什么植物在基因水平上的反应如此强烈。)及第四段Until more research is done, it's just a guess at this point. Still, the findings might already lead to new methods for how agriculturalists deal with their crops, to best promote healthier growth.(在做更多的研究之前,此时这只是一个猜测,尽管如此,这些发现可能已经为农学家如何处理他们的作物带来了新的方法,以最好地促进更健康的生长。) 可知 Whelan和他的团队研究的重要性在于它有助于找到确保植物健康生长的方法,故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。阅读全文尤其第一段中的Your plants really dislike it when you touch them.可知,本文主要介绍了植物真的不喜欢被触摸,故选C项。
D
答案：ADCA
解析：1. 推理判断题。本题题干意为"文章第二段的主要内容是什么？"。文章第二段用比较详实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项（加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况）符合题意。B：加利福尼亚大树多样性的增加；C：加利福尼亚森林中大树的分布；D：农业对加利福尼亚大树的影响。
2.推理判断题。本题题干意为"下面哪种措施用意良好，但对大树有可能是有害的？"。根据文章第三段中的"Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources."（激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，而这些小树会与大树争夺资源）可知，控制野火的用意是好的，但是似乎对大树并不好，故D项（火的控制措施）正确。A：森林的生态研究；B：树木砍伐禁令；C：限制住房开发。
3. 细节理解题。本题题干意为"根据McIntyre的说法，缺水的主要原因是什么？"。根据文章最后一段可知，McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来，缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项（更热的气候）符合题意。A：融雪不足；B：更长的旱季；D：空气潮湿。
4. 主旨大意题。本题题干意为"本文合适的标题是什么？"。本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是California、big trees、loss。因此A项是比较合适的题目，包括了文章的核心信息。B：加利福尼亚将很快禁止砍伐大树；C：为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林是重要的？；D：Patrick McIntyre：在加利福尼亚种更多的大树。
第二节
答案：①-⑤EABCF
解析：①根据上文可知, 地球上超过半数的人都生活在城市里, 接触自然世界的机会非常有限。再根据下一段的内容可知, 整篇文章都在讲园艺这种接触大自然的方式对身心健康的各种好处。因而设空处应该表达明确的转折关系, 与设空处上文形成对比。故E项符合语境。
②设空句为本段首句, 通常情况应起到段落主旨句的作用。根据后文可知, 园艺可以鼓励人们吃得更健康, 并可以作为营养食品方面的教育资源, 同时指出参加园艺活动更有助于孩子们健康饮食。A选项指出园艺也与更好的饮食联系在一起, 符合本段语境。
③根据下文generally have greater life satisfaction, raised self-esteem and fewer feelings of depression and anger than non-gardeners可知, 园艺能改善人们的心理健康。故B项符合语境。
④设空处上文指出园艺给人们的心理健康带来的益处不仅仅是锻炼身体时所带来的意外好处, 而C选项指出一个原因可能是园艺活动能促进社交互动, 前后两部分都在讲述园艺对人的好处, 且social interaction与设空处后的social networks相呼应, 符合语境。
⑤设空处上句指出, 我们确定园艺和健康之间有联系, 但不是"因和果"的关系。F选项(这意味着单靠园艺活动不一定可以直接改善健康)引出下文, 即我们还需要检测园艺对从未参加过园艺活动或身体和心理状况不佳的人的直接影响。故F项承上启下, 符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.DBBCC; 6-10.DBCAD; 11-15.ABCDD
解析：1.根据空后的when the sun is shining和下文的We see the sky is ________ 并结合语境可知,此处指虽然小镇有近半年的时间没有阳光照射,但是当太阳照耀时,小镇的人是能看见太阳和蓝天的。notice意为“看见”,符合语境。fear 意为“害怕”;believe意为“相信”;hear意为“听到”。
2.根据空后的but和darker可知,设空处意思与darker相反,再根据首段对留坎小镇的地形描述可知,小镇在群山之中,小镇里的居民仰头可以看见蓝天,但是山谷里却是阴暗的。blue 意为“蓝色的”,符合语境。
3.空前But为表转折的提示词,表示有变化发生。change意为“改变”,符合语境。help意为“帮助”;happen意为“发生”;matter意为“有关系”。
4.根据空后的关键词reflect和第6空后的mirrors可知,此处表示小镇引进了一组高科技镜面。mirror 意为“镜子”,符合语境。computer意为“电脑”;telescope意为“望远镜”;camera意为“照相机”。
5.根据上文可知,镜面系统将安装在周边山峰,从山峰将阳光反射到小镇。此处表示小镇的居民在周三收到了第一缕冬日阳光。receive 意为“收到”,符合语境。remember 意为“记得”;forecast意为“预报”;imagine意为“想象”。
6.根据第三段第一句中的a system of high-tech ________ was introduced和空前的residents of Rjukan _________ their very first ray of winter sunshine可知,此处指的是一组高科技反射镜面被投入使用。put sth to use意为“将某物投入使用”,符合语境。
7.根据空前的The mirrors are controlled by a computer和空后的to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.可知,电脑的作用是来控制、管理这组反射镜面的。direct 意为“指挥;管理”,符合语境。forbid 意为“禁止”;predict意为“预言”;follow意为“跟随”。
8.根据空后的creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters和第四段中的The town square可知,这组镜面将光束集中反射到小镇的中心广场,光照的面积大约为600平方米。square意为“广场”,符合语境。library 意为“图书馆”;hall意为“大厅”;street意为“街道”。
9.根据上下文语境及设空处后的Rjukan residents gathered together可知,小镇居民齐聚在广场的时候应是有阳光出现的时候。appear 意为“出现”,符合语境。return 意为“返回”;fade意为“逐渐消失”;stop意为“停止”。
10.根据空后的 standing there and taking _________ of each other可知,此处描述人们相聚在广场时热闹的场景。sit 意为“坐”,符合语境。drive 意为“驾驶”;hide意为“躲藏”;camp意为“宿营”。
11.设空处所在句主要描述小镇居民相聚在有阳光的广场上的场景。take pictures of sb意为“给某人拍照”;take notes of意为“记录”,多接物作宾语;take care of意为“照顾”;take hold of意为“握住;抓住不放”。根据语境并结合四个选项可知,A项符合语境。
12.根据下文的I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知,有阳光的时候,几乎小镇上所有的居民都汇集到广场上了。故可推断此处表示这个小镇广场上挤满了人。full 意为“满的”,符合语境。new意为“新的”;flat意为“平的”;silent意为“寂静的”。
13.上文提到光照的面积只有大约600平方米,而空前却说小镇有3,500人,故可推断出此处表示所有的居民不可能同时享受到阳光。enjoy 意为“享受”,符合语境。block 意为“阻挡”;avoid意为“避开”;store意为“储存”。
14.由上文可知,小镇的居民一年中有将近六个月是享受不到阳光的。sun-starved 意为“缺乏阳光的”,符合语境。nature-loving意为“热爱自然的”;energy-saving意为“节能的”;weather-beaten意为“饱经风霜的”。
15.由上文提到的大约600平方米的照射面积不能让所有居民同时享受阳光可知,只有当居民轮流站在阳光下大家才能都享受到冬日的暖阳,从而推断出此处表示“分享”。share 意为“分享”,符合语境。try意为“尝试”;wait意为“等待”;watch意为“观看”。
第二节
答案：①built ②to ③took ④completion ⑤to turn ⑥For ⑦loss ⑧but ⑨is passed ⑩that/who
解析：①考查过去分词。龙脊梯田是由当地的壮族和瑶族人建设的。空前The Longji Rice Terraces与所给动词build是被动关系, 且该句已经有谓语动词have, 故填built。
②考查介词。此处是"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句, 定语从句中谓语动词的固定搭配是be home to sb., 所以需用to whom连接。故此处填to。
③考查动词时态。这里说的是过去的事, 应为一般过去时, 故填took。
④考查名词。空前是形容词性物主代词its, 其后需用名词, 故填completion。
⑤考查动词不定式。go to the trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦做某事, 故填to turn。
⑥考查介词。句意: 一方面, 修建梯田意味着他们可以增加可以种植水稻的区域。for one thing一方面, 固定搭配, 故填For。
⑦考查词性转换。句意: 另一方面, 梯田能够防止土壤流失。空前为定冠词the, 其后需用所给词的名词形式, 故填loss。
⑧考查连词。句意: 现代技术有助于有更多的收成, 但是修建这样的梯田仍然意义重大。前后语意发生转折, 故填but。
⑨考查被动语态。主语knowledge与所给动词pass是被动关系, 需用被动语态。陈述的是客观事实, 应用一般现在时, 故填is passed。
⑩考查关系代词。句意: 龙脊梯田吸引了大量想要欣赏这片奇观的游客。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 修饰空前名词tourists, 且设空处在定语从句中作主语, 故填that/who。
第三节
答案：
Dear Jack,
I'm glad that you are interested in Beijing, the capital of China. Beijing has a long history, which has many famous ancient relics, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and the Forbidden City. Our city is also very new and modern, and it takes on a new look almost every day. Many high buildings have been put up in recent years.
Every year, millions of visitors, both home and abroad, come to visit our city. The Great Wall is world-famous, which is a must for every visitor to enjoy. I hope that you'll come in the future, and I'll show you around our city.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
Paragraph 1 ：
At that moment, my father pointed to the cage, "Look at that crab, there!" Staring at the crab, I found that every time he wanted to escape, he was pulled back into the cage. However, he didn't give up his fight. Fortunately, he survived from the struggle eventually. Shocked and amazed, I suddenly understood why my father had suggested catching crabs that morning. I thought the future would be filled with many possibilities. Everyone would need to find out what he enjoyed and held on to it.
Paragraph 2 ：
From that day on, I was determined to make my dream come true. Besides my devotion to school work, I spent all my spare time making full preparations for becoming a writer. Reading, collecting materials and writing made my life busy but fulfilled, which laid a good foundation for me. Meanwhile, I contributed to literary journals. Gradually, some achievements as a writer increased my confidence. I always think of the crab whenever faced with difficulties. What my father said also encouraged me on my way to success. Now I am grateful for sticking to the thing I truly dreamed of.
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