外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 5 A delicate world B卷 能力提升单元达标测试卷（含解析）
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Unit 5 A delicate world B卷 能力提升—2023-2024学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元达标测试卷
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12.(West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212 - 719-1300.)
1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about
A.A type of art. B.A teenager's studio.
C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals.
2.Who is the director of The Audience
A.Helen Mirren. B.Peter Morgan. C.Dylan Baker. D.Stephen Daldry.
3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history
A.Animals Out of Paper. B.The Audience.
C.Hamilton. D.On the Twentieth Century.
B
The horses, llamas, donkeys and dogs who arrive at Horse Creek Stable Rescue Sanctuary are often sick, weak or just tired. Lester Aradi, a retired police chief, along with his wife Diane, makes sure of their conservation. The refuge(收容所) for special needs animals they founded in Georgia's Blue Ridge mountains is a bustling 35-acre beacon of new beginnings. But there are endings here, too.
When they die, the animals are buried on a slight hillside overlooking the grassland. Graves(坟墓) for dogs are lined up in a row. Burials for bigger animals—horses, llamas, donkeys—are marked with a fruit tree. Lester and Diane see it as a symbol of the circle of life. "We just try to honor them that way," Lester said. But the most obvious marker for a fresh grave will be a three-legged dog named Tricycle. When an animal dies, he subsequently shows sadness—sometimes for as long as three days.
"I don't know if he can sense it, smell it, or whatever, but I think he is grieving. That is his way of saying goodbye." The first time was back when his friend Major died. "When Major died, we buried him here on the farm," Lester said. "Tricycle went over and lay on his grave for about three days. He would come into the house. But every time he was outside, he would go to Major's grave and lie on it."
Lester posted a picture of Tricycle mourning Major on Horse Creek Stable Rescue Sanctuary's Facebook page. Not long after that, a dog rescue group got in touch with him. They thought maybe Lester and Diane could take in another three-legged dog who needed a second chance in life. And so, Romeo arrived at the farm. Naturally, Tricycle bonded with his new friend, just like him. It is truly the circle of life.
1.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Burying animals on the hillside. B.Marking the dead animals with a fruit tree.
C.Planting trees on the grassland. D.Setting up graves in a row.
2.What do we know about Tricycle from the text
A.He was healthy when he came to the refuge.
B.He often lay on his friend's grave and refused to come into the house.
C.He had no friends since his only friend had died.
D.His lying on his friend's grave was his way of saying goodbye.
3.How did Romeo come to the refuge
A.Lester Aradi went to a dog rescue group and found Romeo.
B.A dog rescue group sent Romeo to the refuge.
C.Tricycle found Romeo elsewhere and brought him back.
D.He was found on Facebook and was brought to the refuge.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The life of animals in the refuge. B.The reason why a couple built an animal refuge.
C.The way a disabled dog remembers his friend. D.Life is a circle of miracles.
C
Jack London, one of America's major writers of adventure tales, was born in California in 1876. During his life, London worked at many jobs. His broad life experiences would become the background for his writing.
London loved to read. As a teenager, he spent many hours educating himself at the Oakland, California, public library. He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley, but he stayed for only six months. He thought Berkeley was "not lively enough" and wanted to do something more exciting.
London wrote stories about working people and the hard times they had making a living. He knew their problems firsthand. He worked as a sailor, fanner, factory employee, railroad worker, and gold prospector, to name just a few of his many jobs.
London grew up near the waterfront in Oakland. He loved the water. When he was fifteen years old, he bought a small sailboat—a sloop. Later he sailed to Japan on a schooner, which is a much larger sailing boat. Like many people of the time, London caught the Klondike Gold Rush. In 1897, he headed for Alaska. He didn't find gold, but he discovered something even more valuable. He discovered that people enjoyed listening to the stories he made up with his vivid imagination. London entertained the miners with story after story. Later, using his experiences during the Gold Rush, he created many more colorful stories.
London resolved to live a full, exciting life. He once said, "I would rather be a superb meteor(流星), every atom of me in a magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet." Each day, he pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His goal was to write at least one thousand words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick. In eighteen years, the writer published fifty-one books and hundreds of articles. He was the best-selling and highest-paid author of his day. Many people also considered him to be the best writer. White Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about surviving in the Alaskan wilderness. Readers can enjoy Jack London's energy and his talent for telling wonderful stories each time they open one of his novels.
1.Why was Jack London able to write on many topics
A.He pushed himself to reach goals. B.He had a variety of experiences and jobs.
C.He was drawn to the Klondike Gold Rush. D.He was the best-selling and highest-paid author.
2.What prevented Jack London from finishing college
A.That he was hired to sail to Japan. B.That he traveled to Alaska in 1897.
C.That he spent much of his time writing. D.That he was not interested in college life enough.
3.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack London _________.
A.was expert at the universe B.aimed high and strived to succeed
C.was excited about life in the wilderness D.faced a choice between life and death
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A.To support the statement that London was the "best writer".
B.To describe life during the Klondike Gold Rush.
C.To provide information on Jack's life.
D.To identify books written by Jack London.
D
Captured(捕获的) carbon dioxide (CO2) could be used to extract(提炼) useful metals (金属) from recycled technology such as smartphone batteries rather than just being buried underground. The technique could help make it more economical to capture the greenhouse gas before it enters the atmosphere.
"If you also extract metals by filling CO2, you add value to a process that is known to be costly," says Julien Leclaire at the University of Lyon, France.
CO2 is the main cause of modem climate change, so many people have attempted to develop technologies to capture it when it comes from power plants and other major sources. The gas can then be stored underground. The problem is that such carbon capture and storage (CCS) is expensive. "No one wants to pay the price for it," says Leclaire.
To make CCS more appealing, Leclaire's team has found a use for the gas.
His team collected CO2 from a car gas, cooled it, and then pumped it into a mix of chemicals. The CO2 combined with the mix to make many molecules(分子) of various shapes and sizes.
The team found that this process could sort out mixtures of metals, because one metal would dissolve(溶解) in the liquid while another would form a solid. In a series of experiments, they successfully separated three kinds of metals—all of which are used in batteries, smartphones and computers.
If the process can be widely used, it could be a more environmentally friendly way to recycle batteries and other electrical equipment, says Leclaire. This is normally done using highly reactive chemicals, which are potentially polluting. Replacing them with CO2 should lead to much lower environmental pollution, he says.
Other researchers and companies are trying to change captured CO2 into useful materials like plastics, which are normally produced from petrol, but this is chemically difficult. Leclaire says his approach is more in line with how CO2 behaves naturally. "Instead of copying what we know, let's find things you can only do with CO2," he says.
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A.Extracting useful metals from recycled technology is widely used now.
B.Useful metals in the atmosphere are used to make smartphone batteries.
C.Abandoned smartphone batteries may have been buried underground before.
D.The greenhouse gas CO2 could be cleaned up after entering the atmosphere.
2.Why are many people attempting to capture CO2
A.CO2 is the main cause of modern climate change.
B.CO2 can be used to recycle many resources.
C.Captured CO2 can be changed into useful gas.
D.CO2 is harmful to people's health.
3.What benefit could Leclaire's team's approach bring
A.It could end the use of plastics.
B.It could reduce environmental pollution.
C.It could make more metals available to humans.
D.It could help reduce the cost of battery production.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.The Ways to Make Smartphone Batteries
B.The Reason for Capturing the Greenhouse Gas
C.Collecting CO2 Is Starting to Make New Progress
D.Captured CO2 Could Be Used to Help Recycle Useful Metals
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Leonardo da Vinci and Nature
In the modern world, art and science are two dramatically separate activities, but in Leonardo's time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. ①_______ Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. ②_______
Mathematics is also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. ③_______ More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that "without them nothing can be done".
"Mysterious nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy," wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that controlled nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than the opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. ④_______ His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature.
⑤_______ His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and a ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $ 12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world.
A. Leonardo was always drawing.
B. How could these be connected with art
C. Leonardo was also an influential philosopher.
D. Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown.
E. Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.
F. Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.
G. You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40, 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The 1 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the 2 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I'm 3 about the place—other destinations are described as ''purer" natural experiences.
However, I soon 4 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. I find a 5 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 6 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 7 , in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are 8 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 9 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 10 go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, 11 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes—low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 12 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland desert: gravel (砾石 ), stones and rocks. 13 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 14 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 15 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.
1.A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
2.A. position B. age C. face D. name
3.A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
4.A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
5.A. remote B. quiet C. tall D. clean
6.A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
7.A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
8.A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
9.A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
10.A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
11.A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
12.A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
13.A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
14.A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
15.A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. But when humans arrived on the island in 1810, a tragic story ①_________(begin). They took rats and mice with them by accident that quickly took ②_________ the island, eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds. To control the number of the mice and rats, cats were brought to the island, but they developed ③_________ appetite for the birds, too. Apart from cats, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food ④_________ (feed) humans. However, rabbits multiplied and caused soil erosion, and the number of cats which ate ⑤_________ (rabbit) and birds increased too. To remove all the rabbits from the island, a virus ⑥_________ (release) onto the island and the decline of the rabbits caused cats to eat ⑦_________ (many) native birds. In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats, ⑧_________ resulted in the increasing number of mice and rats again. ⑨_________, the remaining rabbits developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. It was clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed ⑩_________ (solve) once and for all. So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem. But this intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是李华,你将参加主题为"The Global Water Shortage"的英语演讲比赛。请写一份演讲稿,主要内容如下:
1. 全球水资源短缺情况严峻;
2. 水资源短缺的原因(环境污染、人口增长等);
3. 应对措施(科学地储存未来用水、开发使用现有水资源的新方式、节约用水等)。
注意:
1. 词数不少于100;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone! I am Li Hua. It's my great honor to speak here. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That's all. Thank you!
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Long, long ago, in the far away land, there was a beautiful kingdom with its unique rule. The rule said, everyone may become the king, with all of his rights to govern (管理) the country for five years. After that, he must be caught, his body would be tied and he would be thrown away to a remote island where the jungle was thick and there were plenty of wild animals and no human.
Then, one by one, people became the king. The first man said, "OK, I'm ready to be the king." And he was a king for five years. What he did in his five years was enjoying his position. He threw big parties, went to many beautiful places, married many women, collected many luxurious things and did other things that pleased himself. Those were all he did and he never prepared anything for his future. Until one day the time came. One morning when the king woke up, suddenly strong soldiers came to his palace and said, "We came here under the order of the constitution(章程). Now it's time for you to be thrown away to the remote island." The king wasn't surprised but he felt that time passed by too fast. He had enjoyed himself in the past five years but now he had to accept his destiny with tears in his eyes. The soldiers sent him to the dangerous island and left. All they heard was the voices of the wild animals and the long scream of the former king; and then it was silent again.
Every other king was the same until a young man came and declared his wish. By the constitution he was granted his wish. He would be a king for five years before being thrown away to the island. But if other kings would follow their passion for having fun, he didn't. The king was always seen to be thinking.
Paragraph 1:
And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Finally the time came when the king had to be thrown away to the island. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一部分中的"in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio"可知,它与一种艺术有关。
2.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章The Audience部分中的"Stephen Daldry directs"可知,The Audience的导演是Stephen Daldry,故D项正确。
3.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章Hamiltion部分中的"in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story"可知,该戏剧是和美国的诞生有关的,所以,如果你对美国历史感兴趣,就应该去看这出戏剧。
B
答案：1-4.BDBD
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文Burials for bigger animals—horses, llamas, donkeys—are marked with a fruit tree.可知,埋葬较大动物——马、美洲驼、驴子——都会以一棵果树为标记。由此可知,it所在句意思为:Lester和Diane把用一棵果树标记死去的动物这一行为看作是生命循环的象征。it指的是“用一棵果树标记死去的动物”。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的That is his way of saying goodbye.以及But every time he was outside, he would go to Major's grave and lie on it.可知,Tricycle卧在朋友Major的坟墓上是它道别的方式。A项“它来收容所的时候很健康”文中未提及;根据第三段最后两句He would come into the house. But every time he was outside, he would go to Major's grave and lie on it. 可知,B项中refused to come into the house不正确;根据最后一段倒数第二句中的Tricycle bonded with his new friend可知,Tricycle后来又有了新朋友,c项“自从它唯一的朋友死后,它就没有朋友了”不正确。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,不久之后,一个狗狗救援小组与他取得了联系。他们想也许Lester和Diane可以收留另一只三条腿的狗,它需要生命中的另一次机会。就这样,Romeo来到了农场。由此可知,是一个狗狗救援小组把Romeo送到了收容所。A项“Lester Aradi去了一个狗狗救助小组,发现了Romeo”、C项“Tricycle在别处找到了Romeo,把它带了回来”及D项“它在脸书上被发现,被带到了收容所”均不符合文章原意。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据第二段第四句Lester and Diane see it as a symbol of the circle of life.以及最后一段最后一句It is truly the circle of life.并结合文章大意可知,D项“生命是奇迹的循环”符合题意。故选D。
C
答案：1-4.BDBC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中During his life, London worked at many jobs. His broad life experiences would become the background for his writing.可知,杰克·伦敦能写出很多话题是因为他有很多工作和很丰富的人生经历。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley, but he stayed for only six months. He thought Berkeley was "not lively enough" and wanted to do something more exciting.可知,杰克·伦敦没有完成学业,因为他认为大学生活不是那么有趣。故选D。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线句后的Each day, he pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His goal was to write at least one thousand words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick.可知,杰克.伦敦的目标远大,一旦他下定决心,就全力以赴。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据全文可知,本文介绍了美国作家杰克·伦敦的人生经历。故选C。
D
答案：1-4.CABD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中"Captured carbon dioxide(CO2) could be used to extract useful metals from recycled technology such as smartphone batteries rather than just being buried underground.(捕获的二氧化碳可以从回收技术中提炼有用的金属,比如智能手机电池,而不仅仅是把电池埋在地下,)"可知,废弃的智能手机电池以前可能被埋在地下。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"CO2, is the main cause of modern climate change, so many people have attempted to develop technologies to capture it when it comes from power plants and other major sources.(二氧化碳是现代气候变化的主要原因,所以很多人都试图开发技术来捕捉来自发电厂和其他主要来源的二氧化碳。)"可知,二氧化碳是现代气候变化的主要原因,所以很多人试图捕获二氧化碳。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中"This is normally done using highly reactive chemicals, which are potentially polluting. Replacing them with CO2 should lead to much lower environmental pollution, he says.(这通常是使用高度活性的化学物质,这是潜在的污染他说,用二氧化碳取代它们应该会大大降低环境污染。)"可知, Leclaire团队的方法可以减少环境污染。故选B项。
4.旨大意题。文章主要讲述了法国里昂大学的Julien Leclaire和他的团队发现了捕捉到的二氧化碳的一个用处——区分金属混合物,使得回收电池和其他电器设备更环保,大大降低环境污染。因此本文的最佳标题是选项D“捕获的二氧化碳可以用来帮助回收有用的金属”。故选D项。
第二节
答案：BGFEA
解析：这是一篇说明文。通过对达·芬奇进行艺术创作这一事件进行以下方面的说明:数学、音乐与艺术的关系,以及自然与艺术的关系。
①由设空处前面两句可知,在莱昂纳多的时代,科学与艺术紧密相连。科学意味着数学和医学研究。B项“那这些是如何与艺术相联系的呢 ”符合语境。
②由设空处前的place things和in a drawing or painting可知接下来是对一幅画及其布局的描述。G项“你会看到一个好的例子,在《最后的晚餐》这幅画里(人物)位置的安排。”符合语境。
③本段描述的是与音乐有关的话题,数学与音乐的关系。因此可以推出达·芬奇也应该熟悉并精通音乐。F项“莱昂纳多他自己就是一个非常优秀的音乐家,喜欢演奏乐器和唱歌。”符合语境。
④在设空处前面的描述中可以得知:达·芬奇在探寻这些规则的时候,认真仔细地观察大量的实例和细节。实践经历比起他自己的观点更重要,然后他经常通过事实得出观点。接下来会描述他到底想要做什么。因此E项“首先,莱昂纳多想要理解事物是如何运作的,又为什么会这么运作。”符合语境。
⑤设空处后面的内容主要围绕画画来讲,设空处位于这一段的开头,有总领全段的作用,故A项“莱昂纳多总是画画。”符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5CCBAD 6-10ABDAB 11-15DCDAB
解析：1.考查名词辨析。 story故事;building建筑物;crowd 人群;reporter记者。由“40,000 people”可知,这是一个庞大的群体。故选C项。
2.考查名词辨析。position位置;age年龄;face外貌, 表面;name名字。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一,所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故选C项。
3.考查形容词辨析。silent沉默的;skeptical怀疑的; serious严肃的;crazy疯狂的。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,想解开这个疑惑。故选B项。
4.考查动词辨析。discover发现;argue争论;decide 决定;advocate提倡。由"much has changed"可知,作者发现了很大的变化。故选A项。
5.考查形容词辨析。remote遥远的;quiet安静的;tall 高的;clean 干净的。由"with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知,营地里和路边都有厕所,所以这是一座干净的山。 故选D项。
6.考查动词短语辨析。payoff还清,报偿;spread out 伸展;blow up爆炸;fade away逐渐消退。由“but”可知,前后文之间为转折关系,说明虽然环境挑战巨大,坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故选A项。
7.考查名词辨析。atmosphere氛围;experience经历; experiment实验;sight视力。登山应是人生的一种经历。故选 B项。
8.考查动词辨析。study学习;observe观察;explore 探索;regard认为。由"spiritual places"可知,山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as被视为。故选D项。
9.考查名词辨析。view观点;quality质量;reason原因purpose目的。许多文化都认为山是精神之所,这种观点在乞力马扎罗山尤为明显。故选A项。
10.考查名词辨析。scientist科学家;climber登山者; local当地人; official官员。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山,也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故选B项。
11.考查动词短语辨析。hold on to抓住;go back to回到(原来的话题);live up to达到,履行;give way to向……让步。这里指热带雨林在海拔3 000米处突然到了尽头,让位于大片的低矮植物。故选D项。
12.考查动词辨析。match匹配;imagine想象;count 数;add增加。由“twelve shades of green”可知,作者数出了十二种绿色。故选C项。
13.考查副词辨析。obviously明显地;easily容易地; consequently因此;finally最后。乞力马扎罗山的生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统,是冰川地区。故选D项。
14.考查形容词辨析。permanent永久的;little小的; fresh 新鲜的;artificial 人造的。由"arctic-like zone" 可知,这是一个类似北极的地带,所以有永久性的积雪和冰川。故选A。
15.考查动词辨析。enjoy享受; Reserve值得,应得; save挽救;acquire获得。这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山被认为是一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰,即作者认为它不应该得到这样的名声。故选B项。
第二节
答案：began ; over ; an ; to feed ; rabbits ; was released ; more ; which ; Meanwhile ; solving
解析：①考查时态。根据上文中的arrived和时间状语in 1810,确定时态为一般过去时,故填began。
②考查固定搭配。take over管理,接管。
③考查固定短语。develop an appetite for...对……产生食欲。
④考查动词不定式。此处表示:供人们食用的食物。
⑤考查名词复数。与下文birds为并列关系,故为复数。
⑥考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上下文,确定时态为一般过去时,a virus与release之间构成被动关系,主语为单数,故填was released。
⑦考查形容词的比较级。句意暗含比较的含义,此处表示:更多的本地鸟类。故填more。
⑧考查非限制性定语从句。which代指前面整句话,此处表示:使用陷阱和狗来捕捉猫,这导致了老鼠数量的再次攀升。
⑨考查副词。meanwhile意为:同时。
⑩考查非谓语动词。need doing需要被做。老鼠和兔子问题需要一劳永逸地解决。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Good morning, everyone! I am Li Hua. It's my great honor to speak here. As we all know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to environmental pollution, the ever-increasing population and the improper use of water resources. Thus, we should do something to deal with it.
First, we should store water in a scientific way for future use. Second, we should develop some new ways to use the existing water resources, such as turning sea water into fresh water. Third, it's everyone's responsibility to make good use of water, like recycling and saving water in our daily life.
In conclusion, people around the world should protect water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.
That's all. Thank you!
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision. He decided to use all his rights to prepare for his life at the remote island. In the first year he sent troops, veterinarians and animal trainers to kill the wild animals or train them for good use. The task was so huge but it was worthwhile. Then the king sent a lot of farmers to start a wide rice field and began to grow rice. Next he had many facilities, from hospital to school, built. After that he sent a lot of educated people there. At last he sent all his families to the island.
Paragraph 2:
Finally the time came when the king had to be thrown away to the island. With many strong soldiers catching him, he smiled He had prepared everything for the final day. When he was sent to the island, the island had taken on a new look. Everybody there lived a comfortable life and the king was welcomed warmly by his people. They cheered, "Long live the wise king". The wise king lived happily ever after. The clever people live now in the world to prepare for their life in the future.
2
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12.(West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212 - 719-1300.)
1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about
A.A type of art. B.A teenager's studio.
C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals.
2.Who is the director of The Audience
A.Helen Mirren. B.Peter Morgan. C.Dylan Baker. D.Stephen Daldry.
3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history
A.Animals Out of Paper. B.The Audience.
C.Hamilton. D.On the Twentieth Century.
B
The horses, llamas, donkeys and dogs who arrive at Horse Creek Stable Rescue Sanctuary are often sick, weak or just tired. Lester Aradi, a retired police chief, along with his wife Diane, makes sure of their conservation. The refuge(收容所) for special needs animals they founded in Georgia's Blue Ridge mountains is a bustling 35-acre beacon of new beginnings. But there are endings here, too.
When they die, the animals are buried on a slight hillside overlooking the grassland. Graves(坟墓) for dogs are lined up in a row. Burials for bigger animals—horses, llamas, donkeys—are marked with a fruit tree. Lester and Diane see it as a symbol of the circle of life. "We just try to honor them that way," Lester said. But the most obvious marker for a fresh grave will be a three-legged dog named Tricycle. When an animal dies, he subsequently shows sadness—sometimes for as long as three days.
"I don't know if he can sense it, smell it, or whatever, but I think he is grieving. That is his way of saying goodbye." The first time was back when his friend Major died. "When Major died, we buried him here on the farm," Lester said. "Tricycle went over and lay on his grave for about three days. He would come into the house. But every time he was outside, he would go to Major's grave and lie on it."
Lester posted a picture of Tricycle mourning Major on Horse Creek Stable Rescue Sanctuary's Facebook page. Not long after that, a dog rescue group got in touch with him. They thought maybe Lester and Diane could take in another three-legged dog who needed a second chance in life. And so, Romeo arrived at the farm. Naturally, Tricycle bonded with his new friend, just like him. It is truly the circle of life.
1.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Burying animals on the hillside. B.Marking the dead animals with a fruit tree.
C.Planting trees on the grassland. D.Setting up graves in a row.
2.What do we know about Tricycle from the text
A.He was healthy when he came to the refuge.
B.He often lay on his friend's grave and refused to come into the house.
C.He had no friends since his only friend had died.
D.His lying on his friend's grave was his way of saying goodbye.
3.How did Romeo come to the refuge
A.Lester Aradi went to a dog rescue group and found Romeo.
B.A dog rescue group sent Romeo to the refuge.
C.Tricycle found Romeo elsewhere and brought him back.
D.He was found on Facebook and was brought to the refuge.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The life of animals in the refuge. B.The reason why a couple built an animal refuge.
C.The way a disabled dog remembers his friend. D.Life is a circle of miracles.
C
Jack London, one of America's major writers of adventure tales, was born in California in 1876. During his life, London worked at many jobs. His broad life experiences would become the background for his writing.
London loved to read. As a teenager, he spent many hours educating himself at the Oakland, California, public library. He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley, but he stayed for only six months. He thought Berkeley was "not lively enough" and wanted to do something more exciting.
London wrote stories about working people and the hard times they had making a living. He knew their problems firsthand. He worked as a sailor, fanner, factory employee, railroad worker, and gold prospector, to name just a few of his many jobs.
London grew up near the waterfront in Oakland. He loved the water. When he was fifteen years old, he bought a small sailboat—a sloop. Later he sailed to Japan on a schooner, which is a much larger sailing boat. Like many people of the time, London caught the Klondike Gold Rush. In 1897, he headed for Alaska. He didn't find gold, but he discovered something even more valuable. He discovered that people enjoyed listening to the stories he made up with his vivid imagination. London entertained the miners with story after story. Later, using his experiences during the Gold Rush, he created many more colorful stories.
London resolved to live a full, exciting life. He once said, "I would rather be a superb meteor(流星), every atom of me in a magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet." Each day, he pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His goal was to write at least one thousand words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick. In eighteen years, the writer published fifty-one books and hundreds of articles. He was the best-selling and highest-paid author of his day. Many people also considered him to be the best writer. White Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about surviving in the Alaskan wilderness. Readers can enjoy Jack London's energy and his talent for telling wonderful stories each time they open one of his novels.
1.Why was Jack London able to write on many topics
A.He pushed himself to reach goals. B.He had a variety of experiences and jobs.
C.He was drawn to the Klondike Gold Rush. D.He was the best-selling and highest-paid author.
2.What prevented Jack London from finishing college
A.That he was hired to sail to Japan. B.That he traveled to Alaska in 1897.
C.That he spent much of his time writing. D.That he was not interested in college life enough.
3.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack London _________.
A.was expert at the universe B.aimed high and strived to succeed
C.was excited about life in the wilderness D.faced a choice between life and death
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A.To support the statement that London was the "best writer".
B.To describe life during the Klondike Gold Rush.
C.To provide information on Jack's life.
D.To identify books written by Jack London.
D
Captured(捕获的) carbon dioxide (CO2) could be used to extract(提炼) useful metals (金属) from recycled technology such as smartphone batteries rather than just being buried underground. The technique could help make it more economical to capture the greenhouse gas before it enters the atmosphere.
"If you also extract metals by filling CO2, you add value to a process that is known to be costly," says Julien Leclaire at the University of Lyon, France.
CO2 is the main cause of modem climate change, so many people have attempted to develop technologies to capture it when it comes from power plants and other major sources. The gas can then be stored underground. The problem is that such carbon capture and storage (CCS) is expensive. "No one wants to pay the price for it," says Leclaire.
To make CCS more appealing, Leclaire's team has found a use for the gas.
His team collected CO2 from a car gas, cooled it, and then pumped it into a mix of chemicals. The CO2 combined with the mix to make many molecules(分子) of various shapes and sizes.
The team found that this process could sort out mixtures of metals, because one metal would dissolve(溶解) in the liquid while another would form a solid. In a series of experiments, they successfully separated three kinds of metals—all of which are used in batteries, smartphones and computers.
If the process can be widely used, it could be a more environmentally friendly way to recycle batteries and other electrical equipment, says Leclaire. This is normally done using highly reactive chemicals, which are potentially polluting. Replacing them with CO2 should lead to much lower environmental pollution, he says.
Other researchers and companies are trying to change captured CO2 into useful materials like plastics, which are normally produced from petrol, but this is chemically difficult. Leclaire says his approach is more in line with how CO2 behaves naturally. "Instead of copying what we know, let's find things you can only do with CO2," he says.
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A.Extracting useful metals from recycled technology is widely used now.
B.Useful metals in the atmosphere are used to make smartphone batteries.
C.Abandoned smartphone batteries may have been buried underground before.
D.The greenhouse gas CO2 could be cleaned up after entering the atmosphere.
2.Why are many people attempting to capture CO2
A.CO2 is the main cause of modern climate change.
B.CO2 can be used to recycle many resources.
C.Captured CO2 can be changed into useful gas.
D.CO2 is harmful to people's health.
3.What benefit could Leclaire's team's approach bring
A.It could end the use of plastics.
B.It could reduce environmental pollution.
C.It could make more metals available to humans.
D.It could help reduce the cost of battery production.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.The Ways to Make Smartphone Batteries
B.The Reason for Capturing the Greenhouse Gas
C.Collecting CO2 Is Starting to Make New Progress
D.Captured CO2 Could Be Used to Help Recycle Useful Metals
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Leonardo da Vinci and Nature
In the modern world, art and science are two dramatically separate activities, but in Leonardo's time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. ①_______ Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. ②_______
Mathematics is also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. ③_______ More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that "without them nothing can be done".
"Mysterious nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy," wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that controlled nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than the opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. ④_______ His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature.
⑤_______ His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and a ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $ 12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world.
A. Leonardo was always drawing.
B. How could these be connected with art
C. Leonardo was also an influential philosopher.
D. Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown.
E. Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.
F. Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.
G. You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40, 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The 1 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the 2 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I'm 3 about the place—other destinations are described as ''purer" natural experiences.
However, I soon 4 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. I find a 5 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 6 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 7 , in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are 8 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 9 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 10 go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, 11 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather changes—low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 12 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland desert: gravel (砾石 ), stones and rocks. 13 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 14 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 15 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.
1.A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
2.A. position B. age C. face D. name
3.A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
4.A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
5.A. remote B. quiet C. tall D. clean
6.A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
7.A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
8.A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
9.A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
10.A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
11.A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
12.A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
13.A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
14.A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
15.A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. But when humans arrived on the island in 1810, a tragic story ①_________(begin). They took rats and mice with them by accident that quickly took ②_________ the island, eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds. To control the number of the mice and rats, cats were brought to the island, but they developed ③_________ appetite for the birds, too. Apart from cats, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food ④_________ (feed) humans. However, rabbits multiplied and caused soil erosion, and the number of cats which ate ⑤_________ (rabbit) and birds increased too. To remove all the rabbits from the island, a virus ⑥_________ (release) onto the island and the decline of the rabbits caused cats to eat ⑦_________ (many) native birds. In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats, ⑧_________ resulted in the increasing number of mice and rats again. ⑨_________, the remaining rabbits developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. It was clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed ⑩_________ (solve) once and for all. So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem. But this intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是李华,你将参加主题为"The Global Water Shortage"的英语演讲比赛。请写一份演讲稿,主要内容如下:
1. 全球水资源短缺情况严峻;
2. 水资源短缺的原因(环境污染、人口增长等);
3. 应对措施(科学地储存未来用水、开发使用现有水资源的新方式、节约用水等)。
注意:
1. 词数不少于100;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone! I am Li Hua. It's my great honor to speak here. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That's all. Thank you!
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Long, long ago, in the far away land, there was a beautiful kingdom with its unique rule. The rule said, everyone may become the king, with all of his rights to govern (管理) the country for five years. After that, he must be caught, his body would be tied and he would be thrown away to a remote island where the jungle was thick and there were plenty of wild animals and no human.
Then, one by one, people became the king. The first man said, "OK, I'm ready to be the king." And he was a king for five years. What he did in his five years was enjoying his position. He threw big parties, went to many beautiful places, married many women, collected many luxurious things and did other things that pleased himself. Those were all he did and he never prepared anything for his future. Until one day the time came. One morning when the king woke up, suddenly strong soldiers came to his palace and said, "We came here under the order of the constitution(章程). Now it's time for you to be thrown away to the remote island." The king wasn't surprised but he felt that time passed by too fast. He had enjoyed himself in the past five years but now he had to accept his destiny with tears in his eyes. The soldiers sent him to the dangerous island and left. All they heard was the voices of the wild animals and the long scream of the former king; and then it was silent again.
Every other king was the same until a young man came and declared his wish. By the constitution he was granted his wish. He would be a king for five years before being thrown away to the island. But if other kings would follow their passion for having fun, he didn't. The king was always seen to be thinking.
Paragraph 1:
And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Finally the time came when the king had to be thrown away to the island. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一部分中的"in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio"可知,它与一种艺术有关。
2.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章The Audience部分中的"Stephen Daldry directs"可知,The Audience的导演是Stephen Daldry,故D项正确。
3.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章Hamiltion部分中的"in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story"可知,该戏剧是和美国的诞生有关的,所以,如果你对美国历史感兴趣,就应该去看这出戏剧。
B
答案：1-4.BDBD
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文Burials for bigger animals—horses, llamas, donkeys—are marked with a fruit tree.可知,埋葬较大动物——马、美洲驼、驴子——都会以一棵果树为标记。由此可知,it所在句意思为:Lester和Diane把用一棵果树标记死去的动物这一行为看作是生命循环的象征。it指的是“用一棵果树标记死去的动物”。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的That is his way of saying goodbye.以及But every time he was outside, he would go to Major's grave and lie on it.可知,Tricycle卧在朋友Major的坟墓上是它道别的方式。A项“它来收容所的时候很健康”文中未提及;根据第三段最后两句He would come into the house. But every time he was outside, he would go to Major's grave and lie on it. 可知,B项中refused to come into the house不正确;根据最后一段倒数第二句中的Tricycle bonded with his new friend可知,Tricycle后来又有了新朋友,c项“自从它唯一的朋友死后,它就没有朋友了”不正确。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,不久之后,一个狗狗救援小组与他取得了联系。他们想也许Lester和Diane可以收留另一只三条腿的狗,它需要生命中的另一次机会。就这样,Romeo来到了农场。由此可知,是一个狗狗救援小组把Romeo送到了收容所。A项“Lester Aradi去了一个狗狗救助小组,发现了Romeo”、C项“Tricycle在别处找到了Romeo,把它带了回来”及D项“它在脸书上被发现,被带到了收容所”均不符合文章原意。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据第二段第四句Lester and Diane see it as a symbol of the circle of life.以及最后一段最后一句It is truly the circle of life.并结合文章大意可知,D项“生命是奇迹的循环”符合题意。故选D。
C
答案：1-4.BDBC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中During his life, London worked at many jobs. His broad life experiences would become the background for his writing.可知,杰克·伦敦能写出很多话题是因为他有很多工作和很丰富的人生经历。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley, but he stayed for only six months. He thought Berkeley was "not lively enough" and wanted to do something more exciting.可知,杰克·伦敦没有完成学业,因为他认为大学生活不是那么有趣。故选D。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线句后的Each day, he pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His goal was to write at least one thousand words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick.可知,杰克.伦敦的目标远大,一旦他下定决心,就全力以赴。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据全文可知,本文介绍了美国作家杰克·伦敦的人生经历。故选C。
D
答案：1-4.CABD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中"Captured carbon dioxide(CO2) could be used to extract useful metals from recycled technology such as smartphone batteries rather than just being buried underground.(捕获的二氧化碳可以从回收技术中提炼有用的金属,比如智能手机电池,而不仅仅是把电池埋在地下,)"可知,废弃的智能手机电池以前可能被埋在地下。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"CO2, is the main cause of modern climate change, so many people have attempted to develop technologies to capture it when it comes from power plants and other major sources.(二氧化碳是现代气候变化的主要原因,所以很多人都试图开发技术来捕捉来自发电厂和其他主要来源的二氧化碳。)"可知,二氧化碳是现代气候变化的主要原因,所以很多人试图捕获二氧化碳。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中"This is normally done using highly reactive chemicals, which are potentially polluting. Replacing them with CO2 should lead to much lower environmental pollution, he says.(这通常是使用高度活性的化学物质,这是潜在的污染他说,用二氧化碳取代它们应该会大大降低环境污染。)"可知, Leclaire团队的方法可以减少环境污染。故选B项。
4.旨大意题。文章主要讲述了法国里昂大学的Julien Leclaire和他的团队发现了捕捉到的二氧化碳的一个用处——区分金属混合物,使得回收电池和其他电器设备更环保,大大降低环境污染。因此本文的最佳标题是选项D“捕获的二氧化碳可以用来帮助回收有用的金属”。故选D项。
第二节
答案：BGFEA
解析：这是一篇说明文。通过对达·芬奇进行艺术创作这一事件进行以下方面的说明:数学、音乐与艺术的关系,以及自然与艺术的关系。
①由设空处前面两句可知,在莱昂纳多的时代,科学与艺术紧密相连。科学意味着数学和医学研究。B项“那这些是如何与艺术相联系的呢 ”符合语境。
②由设空处前的place things和in a drawing or painting可知接下来是对一幅画及其布局的描述。G项“你会看到一个好的例子,在《最后的晚餐》这幅画里(人物)位置的安排。”符合语境。
③本段描述的是与音乐有关的话题,数学与音乐的关系。因此可以推出达·芬奇也应该熟悉并精通音乐。F项“莱昂纳多他自己就是一个非常优秀的音乐家,喜欢演奏乐器和唱歌。”符合语境。
④在设空处前面的描述中可以得知:达·芬奇在探寻这些规则的时候,认真仔细地观察大量的实例和细节。实践经历比起他自己的观点更重要,然后他经常通过事实得出观点。接下来会描述他到底想要做什么。因此E项“首先,莱昂纳多想要理解事物是如何运作的,又为什么会这么运作。”符合语境。
⑤设空处后面的内容主要围绕画画来讲,设空处位于这一段的开头,有总领全段的作用,故A项“莱昂纳多总是画画。”符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5CCBAD 6-10ABDAB 11-15DCDAB
解析：1.考查名词辨析。 story故事;building建筑物;crowd 人群;reporter记者。由“40,000 people”可知,这是一个庞大的群体。故选C项。
2.考查名词辨析。position位置;age年龄;face外貌, 表面;name名字。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一,所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故选C项。
3.考查形容词辨析。silent沉默的;skeptical怀疑的; serious严肃的;crazy疯狂的。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,想解开这个疑惑。故选B项。
4.考查动词辨析。discover发现;argue争论;decide 决定;advocate提倡。由"much has changed"可知,作者发现了很大的变化。故选A项。
5.考查形容词辨析。remote遥远的;quiet安静的;tall 高的;clean 干净的。由"with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知,营地里和路边都有厕所,所以这是一座干净的山。 故选D项。
6.考查动词短语辨析。payoff还清,报偿;spread out 伸展;blow up爆炸;fade away逐渐消退。由“but”可知,前后文之间为转折关系,说明虽然环境挑战巨大,坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故选A项。
7.考查名词辨析。atmosphere氛围;experience经历; experiment实验;sight视力。登山应是人生的一种经历。故选 B项。
8.考查动词辨析。study学习;observe观察;explore 探索;regard认为。由"spiritual places"可知,山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as被视为。故选D项。
9.考查名词辨析。view观点;quality质量;reason原因purpose目的。许多文化都认为山是精神之所,这种观点在乞力马扎罗山尤为明显。故选A项。
10.考查名词辨析。scientist科学家;climber登山者; local当地人; official官员。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山,也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故选B项。
11.考查动词短语辨析。hold on to抓住;go back to回到(原来的话题);live up to达到,履行;give way to向……让步。这里指热带雨林在海拔3 000米处突然到了尽头,让位于大片的低矮植物。故选D项。
12.考查动词辨析。match匹配;imagine想象;count 数;add增加。由“twelve shades of green”可知,作者数出了十二种绿色。故选C项。
13.考查副词辨析。obviously明显地;easily容易地; consequently因此;finally最后。乞力马扎罗山的生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统,是冰川地区。故选D项。
14.考查形容词辨析。permanent永久的;little小的; fresh 新鲜的;artificial 人造的。由"arctic-like zone" 可知,这是一个类似北极的地带,所以有永久性的积雪和冰川。故选A。
15.考查动词辨析。enjoy享受; Reserve值得,应得; save挽救;acquire获得。这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山被认为是一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰,即作者认为它不应该得到这样的名声。故选B项。
第二节
答案：began ; over ; an ; to feed ; rabbits ; was released ; more ; which ; Meanwhile ; solving
解析：①考查时态。根据上文中的arrived和时间状语in 1810,确定时态为一般过去时,故填began。
②考查固定搭配。take over管理,接管。
③考查固定短语。develop an appetite for...对……产生食欲。
④考查动词不定式。此处表示:供人们食用的食物。
⑤考查名词复数。与下文birds为并列关系,故为复数。
⑥考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上下文,确定时态为一般过去时,a virus与release之间构成被动关系,主语为单数,故填was released。
⑦考查形容词的比较级。句意暗含比较的含义,此处表示:更多的本地鸟类。故填more。
⑧考查非限制性定语从句。which代指前面整句话,此处表示:使用陷阱和狗来捕捉猫,这导致了老鼠数量的再次攀升。
⑨考查副词。meanwhile意为:同时。
⑩考查非谓语动词。need doing需要被做。老鼠和兔子问题需要一劳永逸地解决。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Good morning, everyone! I am Li Hua. It's my great honor to speak here. As we all know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to environmental pollution, the ever-increasing population and the improper use of water resources. Thus, we should do something to deal with it.
First, we should store water in a scientific way for future use. Second, we should develop some new ways to use the existing water resources, such as turning sea water into fresh water. Third, it's everyone's responsibility to make good use of water, like recycling and saving water in our daily life.
In conclusion, people around the world should protect water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.
That's all. Thank you!
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision. He decided to use all his rights to prepare for his life at the remote island. In the first year he sent troops, veterinarians and animal trainers to kill the wild animals or train them for good use. The task was so huge but it was worthwhile. Then the king sent a lot of farmers to start a wide rice field and began to grow rice. Next he had many facilities, from hospital to school, built. After that he sent a lot of educated people there. At last he sent all his families to the island.
Paragraph 2:
Finally the time came when the king had to be thrown away to the island. With many strong soldiers catching him, he smiled He had prepared everything for the final day. When he was sent to the island, the island had taken on a new look. Everybody there lived a comfortable life and the king was welcomed warmly by his people. They cheered, "Long live the wise king". The wise king lived happily ever after. The clever people live now in the world to prepare for their life in the future.
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