外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger B卷 能力提升单元达标测试卷含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger B卷 能力提升单元达标测试卷含解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-09-19 14:55:30 | ||
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Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger B卷 能力提升—2023-2024学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册单元达标测试卷
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Pacific Science Center Guide
Visit Pacific Science Center's Store
Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
1.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center
A.In Building 1. B.In Building 3.
C.At the Laser Dome. D.At the Denny Way entrance.
2.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools
A.Train Science teachers. B.Distribute science books.
C.Distribute scientific research. D.Take science to the classroom.
3.What is the purpose of the last part of the text
A.To encourage donations. B.To advertise coming events.
C.To introduce special exhibits. D.To tell about the Center's history.
B
Being an Olympian demands focus, determination, and a competitive spirit. Plus, representing your country is a lot of pressure. However, two athletes showed the world another quality that is definitely worth championing.
Qatar's Mutaz Essa Barshim and Italy's Gianmarco Tamberi were competing in the high jump at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games when they reached a stalemate(僵局). Both men had managed to jump over a surprising 2.37 meters with no faults along the way. However, after three attempts neither managed the next level of 2.39 meters.
An Olympic official suggested a jump-off between the two friends and rivals in which they would compete again to determine who would get the gold medal. But Barshim had another plan to reward their efforts.
“Can we have two golds ” he asked the official. The official agreed and the two men jumped for joy. This was the first time a gold medal had been shared since 1912. “He is one of my best friends, not only on the track, but outside the track. We work together. This is a dream come true,” shared Barshim.
The decision to share the medal was particularly meaningful to Tamberi. The Italian had suffered an ankle injury that prevented him from competing at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and it nearly put an end to his career altogether. For Barshim, the gold topped off his already impressive medal collection, having received a bronze and a silver medal in 2012 and 2016 respectively.
Despite all the glory of receiving a gold medal for their countries, their achievement means so much more. These two individuals, trying to do their very best for their countries, have provided a wonderful example for all those competing in sports. They've summed up exactly what it means to take part in a global event with a generous and compassionate spirit.
1.What happened to Barshim and Tamberi in the competition
A. They ended in a tie. B.They ran out of strength.
C.They quit the competition. D. They set a new world record.
2.What does the underlined word “jump-off” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Debate. B.Vote. C.Celebration. D. Extra round.
3.Why was the gold medal particularly meaningful to Tamberi
A.It was a glory for his country.
B.It could bring him a lot of money.
C. It might make up for his regret in 2016.
D. It could complete his medal collection.
4.What does the author mainly want to convey in the text
A. The importance of sharing. B. The glory of winning gold medals.
C. The valuable and special team spirit. D. The considerate and sharing spirit.
C
There are many ways to travel within a city. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. But no matter which way we choose, we have to stick to the route the city planners laid down for us.
Parkour enthusiasts (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs—since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.
The International Gymnastics Federation has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are about 100,000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian—and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance. So the organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics.
But parkour enthusiasts themselves don't seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as a lifestyle. In their view, it's a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.
Indeed, many do parkour just to "escape the daily routine and experience the city in different ways", wrote Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.
It's great that the International Gymnastics Federation wants to develop a new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.
1.How do parkour enthusiasts do parkour
A.They move as they wish. B.They plan the routes of the city.
C.They run faster than others. D.They stick to certain routes.
2.Why does the International Gymnastics Federation want to add parkour to the Olympics
A.Because it draws their attention.
B.Because it helps people to build up their body.
C.Because that's what parkour enthusiasts argue for.
D.Because they think it needs rules and instructions.
3.What is the author's view on parkour
A.It can be recognized as a competition.
B.It calls on people to work as a team.
C.It's worth adding to the sporting events.
D.It is a way of life rather than a competition.
4.What is the best title for the passage
A.A new sports competition B.Parkour enthusiasts
C.Training in a different way D.Making the city their own
D
No one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream, but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides for living brains, according to new research from Los Alamos National Laboratory(LANL).
"We study spiking neural networks(尖峰神经网络), which are systems that learn much as living brains do," said Yijing Watkins, a computer scientist from LANL. "We trained a neuromorphic processor in a way how humans and other biological systems learn from their environment during childhood development." Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations(模拟) became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning. When they exposed the networks to states that are analogous to what living brains experience during sleep, stability was recovered. "It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night's rest," said Watkins.
The discovery came about as the research team worked to develop neural networks that are as close as how humans and other biological systems learn to see. The group initially struggled with stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training, which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to. The researchers exposed the networks to an artificial simulation of sleep as nearly a final effort to stabilize them. They experimented with various types of noise. The best results came when they used waves of so-called Gaussian noise. These waves can make sure that the neural networks keep stable.
The group's next goal is to apply their algorithm(算法) to Intel's Loihi, a product which uses spiking neural networks to work. They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time will enable it to stably process information from a camera in real time. If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains, we can probably expect the same to be true of human-like robots and other intelligent machines that may come about in the future.
1.What did Watkins and her research team find
A. Neural networks are far from stable.
B. Artificial brains may need sleep as well.
C. Neural networks are very sensitive to noise.
D. Human-like robots need equal rest to humans.
2.What does the underlined word "analogous" in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Contrary. B. Beneficial. C.Similar. D.Related.
3.Why will the researchers apply the algorithm to Loihi
A. To better update Loihi.
B. To make sure Loihi get enough sleep.
C. To enable Loihi to process information faster.
D. To further confirm their discovery.
4.In which section of a website can we probably find the text
A. Electronics & Physics. B.Mind & Brain.
C.Business & Industry. D. Computers & Science.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Water Skiing
Water skiing is an exciting water sport that can be a ton of fun. It takes a little patience to learn, but once you do, water skiing is a sport you can enjoy whenever you have a boat and enough flat water.
①__________ Every water skier needs water skis(划水板) and they differ depending on the sire of the skier and the experience level of the skier. Of course, no one can water ski alone, so you will need to find at least two people to go with you on your water skiing adventure. You and everyone you go with will have more fun if the friends you go with also want to water ski. ②__________ After you have the boat, the people, and the skis, you will also need a water skiing cable(缆绳) and a life jacket.
For your first time water skiing, you may want to either take a lesson from an expert or find a friend that has experience to teach you. ③__________ The observer rides in the boat, but watches the water skier for any signals and helps the driver know when to start and stop.
The person skiing starts by crouching(蹲伏) in the water, this is called a deep water start. The skis will float, but you want your body to be in a crouching position in the water. Your skis tips should be pointing out of the water. ④__________ When you are ready, you give a signal to the driver of the boat, who starts speeding. Ideally you are pulled into an upright position with your skis underneath you, gliding along the surface of the water. ⑤__________
A. You need a boat, naturally.
B. Most people just enjoy regular water skiing.
C. The idea is to ski on the surface of the water.
D. Having a successful start will most likely take a few tries.
E. Your arms will be outstretched holding onto the cable tightly.
F. Before you start water skiing, there are a few supplies you’ll need.
G. Of your two helpers, you need one to drive the boat and one to observe.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In our backyard there is a big pond with lots of trees and bushes. Both my grandparents were fond of our so-called garden.
One morning our new neighbor, an aggressively ambitious businessman, saw my grandfather 1 two rare deodar tree saplings on both sides of our gate. 2 he said he had planted the same tree saplings in his garden. My grandfather gave his plants 3 adequate amount of water and didn't give them full 4 , while our neighbor interested in better 5 looked after them too well. His plants were much 6 and greener.
Normally in summer, we have fierce thunderstorms. 7 the extreme damage, these storms also bring a welcome sudden 8 from the terribly hot climate. After a thunderstorm, we came out to 9 the damage to our garden and saw the neighbor in his garden, too, but looked 10 as his plants had been uprooted. Ours were standing 11 on the ground. Surprised to see this, he came up to us and said with embarrassment, "My trees 12 from the roots while yours didn't. Why "
My grandfather said, "You gave your plants more attention, water and manure (肥料), 13 they didn't need to work for anything. I gave mine just an adequate amount, letting their roots do the 14 , thus their roots went deeper and became stronger." Our neighbor nodded in 15 . Hearing the words, I realized that anything easily given can be taken away much more easily and we will not understand the hard work it takes to earn those things.
1.A.moving B.purchasing C.delivering D.planting
2.A.By the way B.By coincidence C.On the contrary D.In contrast
3.A.extremely B.instantly C.barely D.negatively
4.A.force B.amount C.review D.attention
5.A.requirements B.returns C.education D.access
6.A.drier B.rarer C.fuller D.wilder
7.A.Instead of B.Regardless C.But for D.Apart from
8.A.addition B.relief C.protection D.awareness
9.A.infer B.control C.prevent D.check
10.A.tired B.upset C.bored D.ashamed
11.A.firmly B.widely C.fairly D.flexibly
12.A.came off B.put off C.took off D.showed off
13.A.so B.if C.though D.unless
14.A.majority B.opposite C.sort D.rest
15.A.total B.detail C.approval D.turn
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Winter sports were already popular in China a thousand years ago in the form of Bingxi(冰嬉), or play on ice. Bingxi as ①_____ form of performance for the court began in the Song Dynasty and reached its peak during Qing. A Bingxi painting in the collection of the Palace Museum portrays scenes of Bingxi during the Qing Dynasty. A closer look at the painting will show that there are many ②_____ (similarity) between how ancient Chinese people enjoyed games on ice and modern day ③_____ (compete) events at the Winter Olympic Games.
In the painting, the emperor, ④_____ (seat) inside his ice bed, was watching skaters compete ⑤_____ (fierce). Three types of ice skating were performed, the first one of ⑥_____ is speed race, similar to modern speed skating. Participants raced to the emperor’s ice bed from 2 to 3 kilometers away. ⑦_____reached the emperor first won first prize. The second is figure skating. Jumps, spins and pair work moves common in modern day figure skating can all be found in the painting. The third is the soccer on ice. Participants in two teams skated, kicked and tried to score goals. If the “tool” for scoring goals ⑧_____ (change) from legs to sticks, it is highly comparable to hockey.
To this day, the interest ⑨_____ winter sports in Chinese people has never decreased. Each winter, in Beihai and Shichahai of Beijing, people are still enjoying ⑩_____ (they) forms of Bingxi.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动的情况。请给他回信,内容包括:
1.学校的体育场馆;
2.主要的运动项目;
3.你喜欢的项目。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
She was dancing. My crippled(跛的) grandmother was dancing. I stood in the living room doorway absolutely shocked.
I heard her sing when I opened the door but did not want to interrupt the beautiful song, so I just slid into the living room. I looked at how her still-lean body bent beautifully, her arms greeting the sunlight that was pouring through the window. And her leg... The leg had stiffly walked, aided with a cane(拐杖) as long as I could remember. Now she was wearing beautiful dancing shoes and her legs obeyed her perfectly. No limping(蹒跚). No stiffness. She was the star of the dancing world. And then she had her accident and it was all over. I had read that in an old newspaper.
She turned around and saw me standing in the doorway. Her song ended, and her beautiful movements ended with it, so abruptly that it felt like being shaken awake from a beautiful dream. The sudden silence rang in my ears. Grandma looked like a kid caught with her hand in a cookie jar that I couldn't help myself, and a slightly nervous laughter escaped. Grandma sighed and turned towards the kitchen. I followed her, not believing my eyes. She was walking with no difficulties in her beautiful shoes. We sat down by the table and cut ourselves big pieces of her delicious peach pie.
"So..." I asked, "how did your leg heal(治愈) "
"To tell you the truth—my legs have been well all my life," she said.
"But I don't understand!" I said. "Your dancing career... I mean... You pretended all these years "
"Very much so," Grandmother closed her eyes. "And for a very good reason."
"What reason "
" Your grandfather."
"You mean he told you not to dance "
"No, this was my choice. I am sure I would have lost him if I had continued dancing. I weighed fame and love against each other and love won."
Paragraph 1 :
She thought for a while and then continued.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 :
By now I had forgotten about the pie and listened to Grandma attentively. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.BDA
解析：本文提供了游客去太平洋科学中心的一些参观指南,并鼓励游客为该中心的发展捐款。
1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的"The store is located upstairs in Building 3 right next to the laser Dome."可知,纪念品商店坐落于3号楼,故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events"可知,太平洋科学中心把科学教育带入课堂,故选D项。
3.目的意图题。根据最后一段的标题"Support Pacific Science Center"和最后一句"Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center."可知,本段旨在鼓励人们为太平洋科学中心的发展捐款,故选A项。
B
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,两名选手都跳过了2.37米的高度,并同时在尝试2.39米的高度时失败,即两人打成了平手。故选A项。
2.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中提到的两人打成平手的内容和第三段中的“in which they would compete again to determine who would get the gold medal”可知,奥运会裁判建议他们加赛决胜负。故选D项。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The Italian had suffered an ankle injury that prevented him from competing at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games”可知,Tamberi因脚踝受伤而未能参加2016年里约奥运会。由此可推知,此次东京奥运会获奖弥补了他过去的遗憾。故选C项。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, two athletes showed the world another quality that is definitely worth championing.”和最后一段中的“They've summed up exactly what it means to take part in a global event with a generous and compassionate spirit.”可推知,作者写这篇文章主要是想向人们传递大爱无私、乐于分享的精神。故选D项。
C
1.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容可知,跑酷爱好者会按照自己的意愿在城市里跑动。故选A。
2.答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段"The International Gymnastics Federation has noticed that... how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance"可知,the International Gymnastics Federation考虑将跑酷加入奥运会,因为它有助于人们强身健体。故选B。
3.答案：D
解析：考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段内容尤其是"it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition"可判断,作者认为跑酷是一种生活方式,而不是一种竞争。故选D。
4.答案：D
解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了跑酷这项运动。跑酷爱好者们将城市作为自己的游乐场,按照自己的意愿在城市中跑动。D项最符合文意。故选D。
D
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides for living brains”可知,研究团队发现人工智能也需要休息。故选B项。
2.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night's rest”可知,这就好像是让神经网络睡了一宿的好觉。那么画线词所在的句子应该是在讲:当他们让这些神经网络处于类似于人类大脑在睡眠时所经历的状态下时,它们的稳定性就恢复了。由此可知,画线词应该表示“类似的”。故选C项。
3.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time”和“If it can confirm the need for sleep inartificial brains”可知,研究团队把他们的算法运用到Loihi上是为了进一步证实他们的发现。故选D项。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知,该文介绍了Watkins和她的团队的一项新研究,这项研究发现人工智能也需要休息。这应属于计算机科学研究的范畴,故选D项。
第二节
答案：FAGED
解析：①结合后文可知,每个滑水运动员都需要滑水板,不同的滑水板取决于运动员的体型和经验水平。当然,没有人可以独自滑水,所以你将需要至少两个人和你一起去滑水冒险,以及最后一句After you have the boat, the people, and the skis, you will also need a water skiing cable and a life jacket可知,在你有了船、人和滑水板之后,你还需要一根滑水缆绳和一件救生衣,由此可知,本段说明了滑水之前需要准备的用品。F项“在你开始滑水之前,有一些你需要的用品”符合语境,故选F。
②根据后文After you have the boat, the people, and the skis, you will also need a water skiing cable and a life jacket可知,在你有了船、人和滑水板之后,你还需要一根滑水缆绳和一件救生衣。上文提到了滑水板和人,那么本句应说明需要一艘船。A项“当然,你需要一艘船”符合语境,故选A。
③根据后文The observer rides in the boat, but watches the water skier for any signals and helps the driver know when to start and stop可知,观察者坐在船上,观察滑水者的任何信号,并且帮助驾驶员知道何时开始和停止。由此可知,第一次滑水需要带两个助手,一个驾驶,一个观察。G项“在你的两个助手中,你需要一个驾船,一个观察”符合语境,故选G。
④根据上文The skis will float, but you want your body to be in a crouching position in the water. Your skis tips should be pointing out of the water可知,滑水板会浮在水面上,但你要让身体在水中蜷成一团,你的滑水板应该指向水面外;以及后文When you are ready, you give a signal to the driver of the boat, who starts speeding可知,当你准备好了,你给驾驶员一个信号,他开始加速。由此可知,本句应当承接上文,说明正式开始滑水之前的准备动作。E项“你的双臂会过度伸展,紧紧抓住缆绳”符合语境,故选E。
⑤根据上文Ideally you are pulled into an upright position with your skis underneath you, gliding along the surface of the water可知,理想情况下,你被拉到一个直立的位置,你的滑水板在你下面,沿着水面滑行。由此可知,上文提到的是理想情况下能顺利开始滑水,那么,如果不顺利的话可能会需要尝试几次才能成功。D项“要有一个成功的开始,很可能需要尝试几次“符合语境,故选D。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.DBCDB; 6-10.CDBDB; 11-15.AAADC
解析：1.这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的祖父和邻居用截然相反的两种方法来种树,结果祖父的树在暴风雨之后依然屹立不倒,而邻居的树却被连根拔起。通过这件事,作者意识到容易得到的东西也容易被拿走,我们也不会理解他们这么容易得到的背后所付出的努力。
根据下文“he said he had planted the same tree saplings in his garden”可知,此处用“种植”符合语境,故选D。move移动; purchase购买; deliver投递; plant种植。
2.结合上下文可知,两人都种了这种罕见的树,这是巧合,故选B。 by the way顺便说; by coincidence碰巧;on the contrary相反; in contrast相比之下。
3.句意:我的祖父给树苗仅仅浇足够的水,没有过度地关注它们,然而我们的邻居期待有更好的回报,所以把他的树苗照顾得非常好,故选C。 extremely特别地; instantly立即; barely仅仅,只有(强调数量之少); negatively消极地,否定地。
4.结合上下文可知,此处是指作者的祖父只浇足够的水,也不太关注树苗,故选D。 force武力; amount数量; review评论; attention关注。
5.根据语境可知,作为商人的邻居为了有更好的回报,所以把树苗照顾得很好,故选B。 requirement要求; return回报; education教育; access接近,通道。
6.根据 greener可知此处应选择正向的形容词,故选C。drier更于的; rarer更稀少的;fuller更丰满的; wilder更野的。
7.根据语境可知,此处是指暴风雨除了带来破坏,也会带来好处,故选D。 instead of代替,而非; regardless of不管; but for要不是; apart from除了。
8.结合上下文可知,此处是指暴风雨让干旱已久的植物得到了充足的水分,这是令人欣慰的事情,故选B。 addition附加物; relief欣慰; protection保护; awareness意识。
9.句意:在一个雷暴天气之后,我们出去查看花园的受损情况,看到邻居也在他的花园里,但看起来很沮丧,因为他的树已经被连根拔起。根据语境可知,此处用“查看”符合语境,故选D。infer推断; control控制; prevent阻止; check查看。
10.根据下文“his plants had been uprooted”可知此处用“沮丧”符合语境,故选B。 tired劳累的; upset沮丧; bored无聊的; ashamed羞愧的。
11.根据下文“‘ My trees 12 from the roots while yours didn't. Why ’”可知两家树苗的状况截然相反,故此处用“牢固地”符合语境,故选A。 firmly牢固地; widely广泛地; fairly公平地; flexibly灵活地。
12.根据上文“ his plants had been uprooted”可知此处用“脱落”符合语境,故选A。come off脱落,脱离; put off推迟; take off起飞,脱下;show off炫耀。
13.句意:我祖父说:“你给你的树太多照顾、水和肥料,因此它们不需要为任何事情努力。”根据语境可知,上下文是因果关系,故选A。
14.根据语境可知,此处是指给了适量的水和肥料之后,其它剩下的事情就由树苗自己解决,因此它们的根会扎得更深来寻找水和肥料,故选D。 majority大多数; opposite反面;sort种类;rest剩余部分。
15.根据 nodded可知作者的邻居同意祖父的话,故选C。 in total总计; in detail详细地; In approval赞成; in turn依次。
第二节
答案：①a②similarities③competitive④seated⑤fiercely⑥which⑦Whoever⑧is changed⑨in⑩their
解析：①考查冠词。句意：冰嬉作为一种宫廷表演的形式始于宋代，在清代达到顶峰，根据句意可知，句中泛指一种宫廷表演的形式，故空格处应用不定冠词，“form”单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词“a”，“a form of...”意为“一种……的形式”。故填a。
②考查名词。句意：仔细观察这幅画可以发现，古代中国人在冰上玩游戏的方式与现代冬奥会的竞技项目有很多相似之处。分析句子可知，句子为“there be”句型，空格处应用名词，作主语，“similarity”意为“相似点，类似的地方”，为可数名词，“many”后接可数名词复数， 故空格处应用“similarity”的复数形式“similarities”。 故填similarities。
③考查形容词。句意：仔细观察这幅画可以发现，古代中国人在冰上玩游戏的方式与现代冬奥会的竟技项目有很多相似之处，分析句子可知，句中“events”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“compete”意为“竞争”，动词词性，对应的形容词为“competitive”，意为“竞争的”，作定语。故填competitive。
④考查形容词，句意：在这幅画中，皇帝坐在他的冰床里，看着滑冰运动员激烈地比赛。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“was watching”其句中无连词，故空格处应用形容词作状语，描述主语的状态，“seat”意为“座位”，名词词性，“seated”意为“就座的，坐下来的”，形容词词性。故填seated。
⑤考查副词。句意：在这幅画中，皇帝坐在他的冰床里，看着滑冰运动员激烈地比赛。分析句子可知，句中“compete”为动词，应用副词修饰，“fierce”意为“激烈的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“fiercely”，意为“激烈地”，作状语，故填fiercely。
⑥考查定语从句。句意：共进行了三种类型的滑冰，第一种是速度赛，与现代速度滑冰相似。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Three types of ice skating”，指物，在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
⑦考查主语从句。句意：无论是谁先到达皇帝那里，就得了一等奖，分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处单词引导从句，在从句中作主语，表示“无论是谁”，故应用“whoever”引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Whoever。
⑧考查时态和语态。句意：如果得分的“工具”从腿变成了棍子，那么它与曲棍球具有很强的可比性。分析句子可知，句子为“If”引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，“tool”与“change”之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，“tool”与“is”连用，“change”的过去分词为“changed”，故空格处应填“is changed”。故填is changed。
⑨考查介词。句意：时至今日，中国人对冬季运动的兴趣从未减弱。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“the interest in...”，意为“对……的兴题”，故空格处应用介词“in”。故填in。
⑩考查代词。句意：每年冬天，在北京的北海和什刹海，人们仍在享受他们的冰嬉形式，分析句子可知，句中“forms”为名词，前面应用形容词性物主代词修饰，“they”对应的形容词性物主代词为“their”，意为“他们的”。故填their。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Peter,
I'm happy to hear from you. As for the physical exercise in our school, here is something about it.
Our school has built a new stadium recently, which is located behind the library. It has well-equipped facilities. Besides, it is big enough to hold all the teachers and students in our school. We can use it to organize sports events such as playing basketball and table tennis. My favorite sport is running. What's more, the stadium opens from 9 am to 5 pm on Monday to Friday. On weekends, it opens from 10 am to 6 pm.
I'm looking forward to your arrival and joining me in experiencing it in the near future.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
She thought for a while and then continued. "We were very much in love when your grandfather had to go to war. After he left, I put all my energy into dancing. He would write to me and always ended his letters with 'I love you with my life'. And then one day a letter came with only three sentences: 'I have lost my leg. I am no longer a whole man. Forget me.'"
Paragraph 2:
By now I had forgotten about the pie and listened to Grandma attentively. "What happened then " "I told everyone I was hurt in a car accident and made sure the newspaper reported it. I had learnt to limp convincingly with a cane before I found your grandfather in the hospital. I told him he was not the only one whose leg would never heal again. 'So if you think I'm going to let you feel sorry for yourself for the rest of your life, think again!' As he struggled out of the wheelchair, I took out the rings I bought the day he left for the war..."
2
考试时间：90分钟
满分：120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Pacific Science Center Guide
Visit Pacific Science Center's Store
Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
1.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center
A.In Building 1. B.In Building 3.
C.At the Laser Dome. D.At the Denny Way entrance.
2.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools
A.Train Science teachers. B.Distribute science books.
C.Distribute scientific research. D.Take science to the classroom.
3.What is the purpose of the last part of the text
A.To encourage donations. B.To advertise coming events.
C.To introduce special exhibits. D.To tell about the Center's history.
B
Being an Olympian demands focus, determination, and a competitive spirit. Plus, representing your country is a lot of pressure. However, two athletes showed the world another quality that is definitely worth championing.
Qatar's Mutaz Essa Barshim and Italy's Gianmarco Tamberi were competing in the high jump at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games when they reached a stalemate(僵局). Both men had managed to jump over a surprising 2.37 meters with no faults along the way. However, after three attempts neither managed the next level of 2.39 meters.
An Olympic official suggested a jump-off between the two friends and rivals in which they would compete again to determine who would get the gold medal. But Barshim had another plan to reward their efforts.
“Can we have two golds ” he asked the official. The official agreed and the two men jumped for joy. This was the first time a gold medal had been shared since 1912. “He is one of my best friends, not only on the track, but outside the track. We work together. This is a dream come true,” shared Barshim.
The decision to share the medal was particularly meaningful to Tamberi. The Italian had suffered an ankle injury that prevented him from competing at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and it nearly put an end to his career altogether. For Barshim, the gold topped off his already impressive medal collection, having received a bronze and a silver medal in 2012 and 2016 respectively.
Despite all the glory of receiving a gold medal for their countries, their achievement means so much more. These two individuals, trying to do their very best for their countries, have provided a wonderful example for all those competing in sports. They've summed up exactly what it means to take part in a global event with a generous and compassionate spirit.
1.What happened to Barshim and Tamberi in the competition
A. They ended in a tie. B.They ran out of strength.
C.They quit the competition. D. They set a new world record.
2.What does the underlined word “jump-off” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Debate. B.Vote. C.Celebration. D. Extra round.
3.Why was the gold medal particularly meaningful to Tamberi
A.It was a glory for his country.
B.It could bring him a lot of money.
C. It might make up for his regret in 2016.
D. It could complete his medal collection.
4.What does the author mainly want to convey in the text
A. The importance of sharing. B. The glory of winning gold medals.
C. The valuable and special team spirit. D. The considerate and sharing spirit.
C
There are many ways to travel within a city. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. But no matter which way we choose, we have to stick to the route the city planners laid down for us.
Parkour enthusiasts (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs—since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.
The International Gymnastics Federation has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are about 100,000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian—and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance. So the organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics.
But parkour enthusiasts themselves don't seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as a lifestyle. In their view, it's a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.
Indeed, many do parkour just to "escape the daily routine and experience the city in different ways", wrote Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.
It's great that the International Gymnastics Federation wants to develop a new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.
1.How do parkour enthusiasts do parkour
A.They move as they wish. B.They plan the routes of the city.
C.They run faster than others. D.They stick to certain routes.
2.Why does the International Gymnastics Federation want to add parkour to the Olympics
A.Because it draws their attention.
B.Because it helps people to build up their body.
C.Because that's what parkour enthusiasts argue for.
D.Because they think it needs rules and instructions.
3.What is the author's view on parkour
A.It can be recognized as a competition.
B.It calls on people to work as a team.
C.It's worth adding to the sporting events.
D.It is a way of life rather than a competition.
4.What is the best title for the passage
A.A new sports competition B.Parkour enthusiasts
C.Training in a different way D.Making the city their own
D
No one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream, but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides for living brains, according to new research from Los Alamos National Laboratory(LANL).
"We study spiking neural networks(尖峰神经网络), which are systems that learn much as living brains do," said Yijing Watkins, a computer scientist from LANL. "We trained a neuromorphic processor in a way how humans and other biological systems learn from their environment during childhood development." Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations(模拟) became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning. When they exposed the networks to states that are analogous to what living brains experience during sleep, stability was recovered. "It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night's rest," said Watkins.
The discovery came about as the research team worked to develop neural networks that are as close as how humans and other biological systems learn to see. The group initially struggled with stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training, which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to. The researchers exposed the networks to an artificial simulation of sleep as nearly a final effort to stabilize them. They experimented with various types of noise. The best results came when they used waves of so-called Gaussian noise. These waves can make sure that the neural networks keep stable.
The group's next goal is to apply their algorithm(算法) to Intel's Loihi, a product which uses spiking neural networks to work. They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time will enable it to stably process information from a camera in real time. If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains, we can probably expect the same to be true of human-like robots and other intelligent machines that may come about in the future.
1.What did Watkins and her research team find
A. Neural networks are far from stable.
B. Artificial brains may need sleep as well.
C. Neural networks are very sensitive to noise.
D. Human-like robots need equal rest to humans.
2.What does the underlined word "analogous" in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Contrary. B. Beneficial. C.Similar. D.Related.
3.Why will the researchers apply the algorithm to Loihi
A. To better update Loihi.
B. To make sure Loihi get enough sleep.
C. To enable Loihi to process information faster.
D. To further confirm their discovery.
4.In which section of a website can we probably find the text
A. Electronics & Physics. B.Mind & Brain.
C.Business & Industry. D. Computers & Science.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Water Skiing
Water skiing is an exciting water sport that can be a ton of fun. It takes a little patience to learn, but once you do, water skiing is a sport you can enjoy whenever you have a boat and enough flat water.
①__________ Every water skier needs water skis(划水板) and they differ depending on the sire of the skier and the experience level of the skier. Of course, no one can water ski alone, so you will need to find at least two people to go with you on your water skiing adventure. You and everyone you go with will have more fun if the friends you go with also want to water ski. ②__________ After you have the boat, the people, and the skis, you will also need a water skiing cable(缆绳) and a life jacket.
For your first time water skiing, you may want to either take a lesson from an expert or find a friend that has experience to teach you. ③__________ The observer rides in the boat, but watches the water skier for any signals and helps the driver know when to start and stop.
The person skiing starts by crouching(蹲伏) in the water, this is called a deep water start. The skis will float, but you want your body to be in a crouching position in the water. Your skis tips should be pointing out of the water. ④__________ When you are ready, you give a signal to the driver of the boat, who starts speeding. Ideally you are pulled into an upright position with your skis underneath you, gliding along the surface of the water. ⑤__________
A. You need a boat, naturally.
B. Most people just enjoy regular water skiing.
C. The idea is to ski on the surface of the water.
D. Having a successful start will most likely take a few tries.
E. Your arms will be outstretched holding onto the cable tightly.
F. Before you start water skiing, there are a few supplies you’ll need.
G. Of your two helpers, you need one to drive the boat and one to observe.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In our backyard there is a big pond with lots of trees and bushes. Both my grandparents were fond of our so-called garden.
One morning our new neighbor, an aggressively ambitious businessman, saw my grandfather 1 two rare deodar tree saplings on both sides of our gate. 2 he said he had planted the same tree saplings in his garden. My grandfather gave his plants 3 adequate amount of water and didn't give them full 4 , while our neighbor interested in better 5 looked after them too well. His plants were much 6 and greener.
Normally in summer, we have fierce thunderstorms. 7 the extreme damage, these storms also bring a welcome sudden 8 from the terribly hot climate. After a thunderstorm, we came out to 9 the damage to our garden and saw the neighbor in his garden, too, but looked 10 as his plants had been uprooted. Ours were standing 11 on the ground. Surprised to see this, he came up to us and said with embarrassment, "My trees 12 from the roots while yours didn't. Why "
My grandfather said, "You gave your plants more attention, water and manure (肥料), 13 they didn't need to work for anything. I gave mine just an adequate amount, letting their roots do the 14 , thus their roots went deeper and became stronger." Our neighbor nodded in 15 . Hearing the words, I realized that anything easily given can be taken away much more easily and we will not understand the hard work it takes to earn those things.
1.A.moving B.purchasing C.delivering D.planting
2.A.By the way B.By coincidence C.On the contrary D.In contrast
3.A.extremely B.instantly C.barely D.negatively
4.A.force B.amount C.review D.attention
5.A.requirements B.returns C.education D.access
6.A.drier B.rarer C.fuller D.wilder
7.A.Instead of B.Regardless C.But for D.Apart from
8.A.addition B.relief C.protection D.awareness
9.A.infer B.control C.prevent D.check
10.A.tired B.upset C.bored D.ashamed
11.A.firmly B.widely C.fairly D.flexibly
12.A.came off B.put off C.took off D.showed off
13.A.so B.if C.though D.unless
14.A.majority B.opposite C.sort D.rest
15.A.total B.detail C.approval D.turn
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Winter sports were already popular in China a thousand years ago in the form of Bingxi(冰嬉), or play on ice. Bingxi as ①_____ form of performance for the court began in the Song Dynasty and reached its peak during Qing. A Bingxi painting in the collection of the Palace Museum portrays scenes of Bingxi during the Qing Dynasty. A closer look at the painting will show that there are many ②_____ (similarity) between how ancient Chinese people enjoyed games on ice and modern day ③_____ (compete) events at the Winter Olympic Games.
In the painting, the emperor, ④_____ (seat) inside his ice bed, was watching skaters compete ⑤_____ (fierce). Three types of ice skating were performed, the first one of ⑥_____ is speed race, similar to modern speed skating. Participants raced to the emperor’s ice bed from 2 to 3 kilometers away. ⑦_____reached the emperor first won first prize. The second is figure skating. Jumps, spins and pair work moves common in modern day figure skating can all be found in the painting. The third is the soccer on ice. Participants in two teams skated, kicked and tried to score goals. If the “tool” for scoring goals ⑧_____ (change) from legs to sticks, it is highly comparable to hockey.
To this day, the interest ⑨_____ winter sports in Chinese people has never decreased. Each winter, in Beihai and Shichahai of Beijing, people are still enjoying ⑩_____ (they) forms of Bingxi.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动的情况。请给他回信,内容包括:
1.学校的体育场馆;
2.主要的运动项目;
3.你喜欢的项目。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
She was dancing. My crippled(跛的) grandmother was dancing. I stood in the living room doorway absolutely shocked.
I heard her sing when I opened the door but did not want to interrupt the beautiful song, so I just slid into the living room. I looked at how her still-lean body bent beautifully, her arms greeting the sunlight that was pouring through the window. And her leg... The leg had stiffly walked, aided with a cane(拐杖) as long as I could remember. Now she was wearing beautiful dancing shoes and her legs obeyed her perfectly. No limping(蹒跚). No stiffness. She was the star of the dancing world. And then she had her accident and it was all over. I had read that in an old newspaper.
She turned around and saw me standing in the doorway. Her song ended, and her beautiful movements ended with it, so abruptly that it felt like being shaken awake from a beautiful dream. The sudden silence rang in my ears. Grandma looked like a kid caught with her hand in a cookie jar that I couldn't help myself, and a slightly nervous laughter escaped. Grandma sighed and turned towards the kitchen. I followed her, not believing my eyes. She was walking with no difficulties in her beautiful shoes. We sat down by the table and cut ourselves big pieces of her delicious peach pie.
"So..." I asked, "how did your leg heal(治愈) "
"To tell you the truth—my legs have been well all my life," she said.
"But I don't understand!" I said. "Your dancing career... I mean... You pretended all these years "
"Very much so," Grandmother closed her eyes. "And for a very good reason."
"What reason "
" Your grandfather."
"You mean he told you not to dance "
"No, this was my choice. I am sure I would have lost him if I had continued dancing. I weighed fame and love against each other and love won."
Paragraph 1 :
She thought for a while and then continued.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 :
By now I had forgotten about the pie and listened to Grandma attentively. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.BDA
解析：本文提供了游客去太平洋科学中心的一些参观指南,并鼓励游客为该中心的发展捐款。
1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的"The store is located upstairs in Building 3 right next to the laser Dome."可知,纪念品商店坐落于3号楼,故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events"可知,太平洋科学中心把科学教育带入课堂,故选D项。
3.目的意图题。根据最后一段的标题"Support Pacific Science Center"和最后一句"Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center."可知,本段旨在鼓励人们为太平洋科学中心的发展捐款,故选A项。
B
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,两名选手都跳过了2.37米的高度,并同时在尝试2.39米的高度时失败,即两人打成了平手。故选A项。
2.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中提到的两人打成平手的内容和第三段中的“in which they would compete again to determine who would get the gold medal”可知,奥运会裁判建议他们加赛决胜负。故选D项。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The Italian had suffered an ankle injury that prevented him from competing at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games”可知,Tamberi因脚踝受伤而未能参加2016年里约奥运会。由此可推知,此次东京奥运会获奖弥补了他过去的遗憾。故选C项。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, two athletes showed the world another quality that is definitely worth championing.”和最后一段中的“They've summed up exactly what it means to take part in a global event with a generous and compassionate spirit.”可推知,作者写这篇文章主要是想向人们传递大爱无私、乐于分享的精神。故选D项。
C
1.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容可知,跑酷爱好者会按照自己的意愿在城市里跑动。故选A。
2.答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段"The International Gymnastics Federation has noticed that... how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance"可知,the International Gymnastics Federation考虑将跑酷加入奥运会,因为它有助于人们强身健体。故选B。
3.答案：D
解析：考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段内容尤其是"it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition"可判断,作者认为跑酷是一种生活方式,而不是一种竞争。故选D。
4.答案：D
解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了跑酷这项运动。跑酷爱好者们将城市作为自己的游乐场,按照自己的意愿在城市中跑动。D项最符合文意。故选D。
D
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides for living brains”可知,研究团队发现人工智能也需要休息。故选B项。
2.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good night's rest”可知,这就好像是让神经网络睡了一宿的好觉。那么画线词所在的句子应该是在讲:当他们让这些神经网络处于类似于人类大脑在睡眠时所经历的状态下时,它们的稳定性就恢复了。由此可知,画线词应该表示“类似的”。故选C项。
3.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They hope allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time”和“If it can confirm the need for sleep inartificial brains”可知,研究团队把他们的算法运用到Loihi上是为了进一步证实他们的发现。故选D项。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知,该文介绍了Watkins和她的团队的一项新研究,这项研究发现人工智能也需要休息。这应属于计算机科学研究的范畴,故选D项。
第二节
答案：FAGED
解析：①结合后文可知,每个滑水运动员都需要滑水板,不同的滑水板取决于运动员的体型和经验水平。当然,没有人可以独自滑水,所以你将需要至少两个人和你一起去滑水冒险,以及最后一句After you have the boat, the people, and the skis, you will also need a water skiing cable and a life jacket可知,在你有了船、人和滑水板之后,你还需要一根滑水缆绳和一件救生衣,由此可知,本段说明了滑水之前需要准备的用品。F项“在你开始滑水之前,有一些你需要的用品”符合语境,故选F。
②根据后文After you have the boat, the people, and the skis, you will also need a water skiing cable and a life jacket可知,在你有了船、人和滑水板之后,你还需要一根滑水缆绳和一件救生衣。上文提到了滑水板和人,那么本句应说明需要一艘船。A项“当然,你需要一艘船”符合语境,故选A。
③根据后文The observer rides in the boat, but watches the water skier for any signals and helps the driver know when to start and stop可知,观察者坐在船上,观察滑水者的任何信号,并且帮助驾驶员知道何时开始和停止。由此可知,第一次滑水需要带两个助手,一个驾驶,一个观察。G项“在你的两个助手中,你需要一个驾船,一个观察”符合语境,故选G。
④根据上文The skis will float, but you want your body to be in a crouching position in the water. Your skis tips should be pointing out of the water可知,滑水板会浮在水面上,但你要让身体在水中蜷成一团,你的滑水板应该指向水面外;以及后文When you are ready, you give a signal to the driver of the boat, who starts speeding可知,当你准备好了,你给驾驶员一个信号,他开始加速。由此可知,本句应当承接上文,说明正式开始滑水之前的准备动作。E项“你的双臂会过度伸展,紧紧抓住缆绳”符合语境,故选E。
⑤根据上文Ideally you are pulled into an upright position with your skis underneath you, gliding along the surface of the water可知,理想情况下,你被拉到一个直立的位置,你的滑水板在你下面,沿着水面滑行。由此可知,上文提到的是理想情况下能顺利开始滑水,那么,如果不顺利的话可能会需要尝试几次才能成功。D项“要有一个成功的开始,很可能需要尝试几次“符合语境,故选D。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.DBCDB; 6-10.CDBDB; 11-15.AAADC
解析：1.这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的祖父和邻居用截然相反的两种方法来种树,结果祖父的树在暴风雨之后依然屹立不倒,而邻居的树却被连根拔起。通过这件事,作者意识到容易得到的东西也容易被拿走,我们也不会理解他们这么容易得到的背后所付出的努力。
根据下文“he said he had planted the same tree saplings in his garden”可知,此处用“种植”符合语境,故选D。move移动; purchase购买; deliver投递; plant种植。
2.结合上下文可知,两人都种了这种罕见的树,这是巧合,故选B。 by the way顺便说; by coincidence碰巧;on the contrary相反; in contrast相比之下。
3.句意:我的祖父给树苗仅仅浇足够的水,没有过度地关注它们,然而我们的邻居期待有更好的回报,所以把他的树苗照顾得非常好,故选C。 extremely特别地; instantly立即; barely仅仅,只有(强调数量之少); negatively消极地,否定地。
4.结合上下文可知,此处是指作者的祖父只浇足够的水,也不太关注树苗,故选D。 force武力; amount数量; review评论; attention关注。
5.根据语境可知,作为商人的邻居为了有更好的回报,所以把树苗照顾得很好,故选B。 requirement要求; return回报; education教育; access接近,通道。
6.根据 greener可知此处应选择正向的形容词,故选C。drier更于的; rarer更稀少的;fuller更丰满的; wilder更野的。
7.根据语境可知,此处是指暴风雨除了带来破坏,也会带来好处,故选D。 instead of代替,而非; regardless of不管; but for要不是; apart from除了。
8.结合上下文可知,此处是指暴风雨让干旱已久的植物得到了充足的水分,这是令人欣慰的事情,故选B。 addition附加物; relief欣慰; protection保护; awareness意识。
9.句意:在一个雷暴天气之后,我们出去查看花园的受损情况,看到邻居也在他的花园里,但看起来很沮丧,因为他的树已经被连根拔起。根据语境可知,此处用“查看”符合语境,故选D。infer推断; control控制; prevent阻止; check查看。
10.根据下文“his plants had been uprooted”可知此处用“沮丧”符合语境,故选B。 tired劳累的; upset沮丧; bored无聊的; ashamed羞愧的。
11.根据下文“‘ My trees 12 from the roots while yours didn't. Why ’”可知两家树苗的状况截然相反,故此处用“牢固地”符合语境,故选A。 firmly牢固地; widely广泛地; fairly公平地; flexibly灵活地。
12.根据上文“ his plants had been uprooted”可知此处用“脱落”符合语境,故选A。come off脱落,脱离; put off推迟; take off起飞,脱下;show off炫耀。
13.句意:我祖父说:“你给你的树太多照顾、水和肥料,因此它们不需要为任何事情努力。”根据语境可知,上下文是因果关系,故选A。
14.根据语境可知,此处是指给了适量的水和肥料之后,其它剩下的事情就由树苗自己解决,因此它们的根会扎得更深来寻找水和肥料,故选D。 majority大多数; opposite反面;sort种类;rest剩余部分。
15.根据 nodded可知作者的邻居同意祖父的话,故选C。 in total总计; in detail详细地; In approval赞成; in turn依次。
第二节
答案：①a②similarities③competitive④seated⑤fiercely⑥which⑦Whoever⑧is changed⑨in⑩their
解析：①考查冠词。句意：冰嬉作为一种宫廷表演的形式始于宋代，在清代达到顶峰，根据句意可知，句中泛指一种宫廷表演的形式，故空格处应用不定冠词，“form”单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词“a”，“a form of...”意为“一种……的形式”。故填a。
②考查名词。句意：仔细观察这幅画可以发现，古代中国人在冰上玩游戏的方式与现代冬奥会的竞技项目有很多相似之处。分析句子可知，句子为“there be”句型，空格处应用名词，作主语，“similarity”意为“相似点，类似的地方”，为可数名词，“many”后接可数名词复数， 故空格处应用“similarity”的复数形式“similarities”。 故填similarities。
③考查形容词。句意：仔细观察这幅画可以发现，古代中国人在冰上玩游戏的方式与现代冬奥会的竟技项目有很多相似之处，分析句子可知，句中“events”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“compete”意为“竞争”，动词词性，对应的形容词为“competitive”，意为“竞争的”，作定语。故填competitive。
④考查形容词，句意：在这幅画中，皇帝坐在他的冰床里，看着滑冰运动员激烈地比赛。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“was watching”其句中无连词，故空格处应用形容词作状语，描述主语的状态，“seat”意为“座位”，名词词性，“seated”意为“就座的，坐下来的”，形容词词性。故填seated。
⑤考查副词。句意：在这幅画中，皇帝坐在他的冰床里，看着滑冰运动员激烈地比赛。分析句子可知，句中“compete”为动词，应用副词修饰，“fierce”意为“激烈的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“fiercely”，意为“激烈地”，作状语，故填fiercely。
⑥考查定语从句。句意：共进行了三种类型的滑冰，第一种是速度赛，与现代速度滑冰相似。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Three types of ice skating”，指物，在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
⑦考查主语从句。句意：无论是谁先到达皇帝那里，就得了一等奖，分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处单词引导从句，在从句中作主语，表示“无论是谁”，故应用“whoever”引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Whoever。
⑧考查时态和语态。句意：如果得分的“工具”从腿变成了棍子，那么它与曲棍球具有很强的可比性。分析句子可知，句子为“If”引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，“tool”与“change”之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，“tool”与“is”连用，“change”的过去分词为“changed”，故空格处应填“is changed”。故填is changed。
⑨考查介词。句意：时至今日，中国人对冬季运动的兴趣从未减弱。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“the interest in...”，意为“对……的兴题”，故空格处应用介词“in”。故填in。
⑩考查代词。句意：每年冬天，在北京的北海和什刹海，人们仍在享受他们的冰嬉形式，分析句子可知，句中“forms”为名词，前面应用形容词性物主代词修饰，“they”对应的形容词性物主代词为“their”，意为“他们的”。故填their。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Peter,
I'm happy to hear from you. As for the physical exercise in our school, here is something about it.
Our school has built a new stadium recently, which is located behind the library. It has well-equipped facilities. Besides, it is big enough to hold all the teachers and students in our school. We can use it to organize sports events such as playing basketball and table tennis. My favorite sport is running. What's more, the stadium opens from 9 am to 5 pm on Monday to Friday. On weekends, it opens from 10 am to 6 pm.
I'm looking forward to your arrival and joining me in experiencing it in the near future.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
She thought for a while and then continued. "We were very much in love when your grandfather had to go to war. After he left, I put all my energy into dancing. He would write to me and always ended his letters with 'I love you with my life'. And then one day a letter came with only three sentences: 'I have lost my leg. I am no longer a whole man. Forget me.'"
Paragraph 2:
By now I had forgotten about the pie and listened to Grandma attentively. "What happened then " "I told everyone I was hurt in a car accident and made sure the newspaper reported it. I had learnt to limp convincingly with a cane before I found your grandfather in the hospital. I told him he was not the only one whose leg would never heal again. 'So if you think I'm going to let you feel sorry for yourself for the rest of your life, think again!' As he struggled out of the wheelchair, I took out the rings I bought the day he left for the war..."
2