课件75张PPT。陕西省英语名词和冠词
第二十二讲【名题实战】
1．—I want to go to different places，but I don't know the ____．
—A map is helpful，I think.(2014，孝感)
A．price B．time C．way D．ticket名词C2．—Mum，I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change.
—Well，I think there is no ____．It's almost the same as an iPhone 4s.(2014，宁波)
A．reason B．need C．answer D．way
B3．Look at the ____，sir.The white shirt is larger than the yellow one.
A．size B．shape C．weight D．colour
4．Look！There are some ____ on the farm.(2014，黔东南)
A．chicken B．goose C．sheep D．cowAC5．—You may go to Milan for a free trip.
—It's a very kind ____，but I really can't accept it.(2014，河南)
A．excuse B．offer C．promise D．decisionB【考点梳理】
名词是中考考查的重点，考查内容主要为：
1．常用专有名词表示方法；
2．可数名词单、复数变化规则及其用法；
3．不可数名词量的表示方法；
4．名词所有格的运用方法；
5．名词作主语时主谓一致问题；
6．名词词义的辨析。高频考向一 常用专有名词
1．人名。如：Jackie Chan，Yao Ming
2．地名。如：New York，the Great Wall
3．国名。如：China，America
4．一周七天。如：Monday，Tuesday
5．一年十二个月。如：May，September6．节日。如：Teachers' Day，Mother's Day，Christmas Day
7．专有名词缩写形式。如：USA，CD
【例1】 ________ is the most important festival in China.
A．Christmas Day B．Spring Festival
C．Mid-autumn Day D．National Day
解析：A选项是圣诞节；B选项是春节；C选项是中秋节；D选项是国庆节。根据句意“在中国最重要的节日”，当然是春节。
答案：____ B高频考向二 名词辨析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后做出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。 【例2】 —What are you going to do when you grow up?
—My ________ is to become an astronaut.(2014，襄阳)
A．hobby B．dream C．job D．advice
解析：由问句“你长大后将去做什么”可知，答句应为“我的梦想是成为一名航天员”。
答案：____ B【例3】 —The picnic is only in three days.Have you made any ________？
—Not yet.So let's discuss what to prepare.(2014，台州)
A．wishes B．plans C．mistakes D．friends
解析：A选项意为“愿望”；B选项意为“计划”；C选项意为“错误”；D选项意为“朋友”。由答句句意“还没有。所以让我们去讨论准备什么”可知，问句句意为“野餐只剩下三天了。你做计划了吗”。
答案：___ B高频考向三 名词的数
名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如：an uncle，a university，an honest man，an hour，a useful book，an apple等。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种： 1．可数名词的复数规则变化2．可数名词的复数不规则变化
?元音或词尾发生变化。
如：man→men；woman→women；Frenchman→Frenchmen；tooth→teeth；foot→feet；child→children
?单复数形式相同。
如：sheep→sheep；fish(鱼的条数) →fish；Chinese(中国人)→Chinese；Japanese(日本人)→Japanese；deer(鹿)→deer 语法复习?形式为单数，意思为复数。
如：people，police
?视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。
如：family，class，team，group
?形式为复数，意思为单数。
如：news，maths，physics，the United States等。 ?afford?只用复数形式pants，shorts，clothes，glasses (眼镜)等。
?由man，woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman都变成复数。
如：man driver→men drivers，woman teacher→women teachers
但其他合成名词，只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如：a banana tree→banana trees；a shoe factory→shoe factories
注意：①可数名词的单复数要与句子结构保持一致。
②可数名词一般不单独使用，表类别时可用复数形式，或用不定冠词或定冠词加单数名词。如：oranges，the/an orange。③修饰可数名词复数的词有these，those，many，(a) few，a/the number of，some/any，a lot of等。常用they，them来替代。
3．不可数名词
不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词，它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a＋量词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”短语，变复数时把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：a bowl of water一碗水；two cups of tea两杯茶初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，tea，milk，food，fruit，meat，fish(鱼肉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef，mutton，orange(橙汁)，sugar，salt，paper(纸)，porridge，bread，sand，juice，news，music，time(时间)，information，fun，advice等。注意：①有些名词既可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词，如：time(时间/次数，倍数)，fish(鱼肉/鱼)，room(空间/房间)，noise(噪音/响声)，paper(纸/试卷，文件)，chicken(鸡肉/鸡)，experience(经验/经历)
②表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much，(a)little，a lot of，some，any等修饰。常用it来替代。
【例4】 —Where are you going，Sam?
—There isn't any ________ in the fridge.I'll go and buy some.(2014，凉山)
A．vegetables B．beef C．eggs D．money
解析：由is可知此处应用可数名词单数或不可数名词，故排除A、C选项。再根据句意来判断。
答案：____ B【例5】 I saw some ________ and ________ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.(2013，绥化)
A．Germen；Englishmen B．Germans；Englishmans
C．Germans；Englishmen
解析：German的复数形式为Germans；Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen。
答案：____C高频考向四 名词所有格
①有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用在词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。
如：It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
②以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加“'”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如：
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-meter race？谁赢了女子100米赛跑？③不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如：Where's the People's Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是警察宿舍。 ④表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所拥有时，则每个名词后均加“'s”。试比较：
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父
亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。⑤有些名词如：诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“'s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：the doctor's(医生诊所)，Mr.White's(怀特先生家)，the book-seller's(书店)。
⑥of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如：
a map of China一幅中国地图
⑦既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle's，a photo of Jim's family等。【例6】 ________ desk is long and wide.They like it very much.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．Sonia's and Jane's
B．Sonia and Jane's
C．Sonia and Jane
解析：A项表示两个人各自的桌子，后应接复数名词；B项表示两个人共有的桌子，后接单数名词；C项不可以直接作定语。
答案：____B【例7】 —How far is your home from school?
—It's about two ________ walk.(2013，潍坊)
A．hours B．hours' C．hour's D．hour
解析：由答语“两个小时的步行路程”可知，此处应用名词所有格形式。hour为可数名词，在基数词后应使用复数形式hours，以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格直接在词尾加“'”构成。
答案：____B一、单项选择。
1．—How many ____ are there?
—About fifty.(2014，广安)
A．tomatos B．tomatoes C．tomato
2．Recently people care more about the safety of ____．Everyone wants to eat healthily.(2014，衡阳)
A．foods B．clothes C．buildingsBA3．Miss Black is a friend of ____，she always looks after my sister.(2014，龙东)
A．Mary's mother's B．Mary's mother'
C．Mary mother's
4．There are fifty ____ in our school.They are all friendly to us.(2014，安顺)
A．woman teachers B．women teachers
C．woman teacher D．women teacherAB5．—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right.It's one of the ____ of my family.(2014，泰安)
A．plans B．jobs C．programs D．rules
6．I'm tired.This is not the right ____ to ask me to go for a walk.(2014，杭州)
A．moment B．chance C．place D．seasonDA7．Could you please get me some ____？I'm hungry.(2014，黔西南)
A．apple B．water C．bread D．egg
8．—Excuse me，where did you get the book?
—I borrowed it from the ____．(2013，重庆)
A．cinema B．library C．park D．station CB9．—The sweater is not the right ____ for me.
—Well，shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one？(2013，绍兴)
A．price B．color C．size D．material
10．You'd better read the ____ first before you use the camera.(2013，嘉兴、舟山)
A．websites B．expressions
C．instructions D．advertisementsCC二、词汇运用。
A)根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
11．Uncle Wang bought two _______(手表) yesterday.
12．There are a lot of ________(绵羊) on the grass.
13．The cat caught two _______(老鼠) last night.
14．Gina would like some _______(果汁) to drink.watchessheepmicejuice15．Jack went to have two _______(牙齿) pulled out yesterday afternoon.
B)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
16．Nick，can you give me some ___________about that event?
17．_________is Linda's favorite day，because she has P．E.on that day.
18．There is not enough _______in the corner to put the table.
19．It's a _______．You shouldn't tell it to others.
20．Ben likes the ________of the cake.It's a heart.teethinformationFridayroomsecretshape【名题实战】
1．—What do you think of the new movie The Monkey King，Sally?
—It's ____ funny one.(2013，台州)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填冠 词 A2．—Mary，who's ____ woman over there?
—She's my aunt, English teacher.(2014，天津)
A．the；the B．a；the C．the；an D．a；an
C3．Let's take ____ photo！Everyone，cheese！(2014，河北)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
4．I'm going to be ____ basketball player.(2014，成都)
A．the B．a C．anAB5．Eric is not going to Nanjing by ____ plane.Instead，he is taking ________ train.(2014，广东)
A．/；a B．a；/ C．a；the D．the；aA【考点梳理】
中考中对冠词的考查主要为：
1．冠词的基本用法；
2．零冠词的情况；
3．习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。
高频考向一 不定冠词a，an①不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：
an apple 一个苹果 an hour一小时
a book一本书 a university一所大学
②泛指某一类人或物。如：
A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
③表示数量“一”，但没有one强。如：
I would like a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。④用在文中第一次提到某人或某物时。如：
—What's this？这是什么？
—It's a bike.这是一辆自行车。
⑤用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：
three times a week每周三次⑥用于某些固定短语中。如：
a lot of许多，have a cold感冒，have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快，in a hurry匆忙，take a bus乘坐公共汽车【例1】 —What do you think of Lucy?
—She is ________ honest girl.(2014，益阳)
A．an B．a C．the
解析：表泛指，且以元音音素开头。
答案：____A【例2】As Tim loves Zunyi a lot，he bought ________ one-way ticket to Zunyi and decided to stay here for a year.(2014，遵义)
A．an B．a C．/
解析：表数量“一”。
答案：____B【例3】 Do you know a spaceship flies at about nineteen kilometers ________ second？(2013，兰州)
A．the B．a C．/ D．an
解析：用在时间“second”前，表示“每一”。
答案：____B【例4】Lin Dan is ________ excellent player I'm ________ big fan of him.(2014，福州)
A．a；the B．an；a C．the；an
解析：表泛指，第一个空后以元音音素开头，第二个空后面以辅音音素开头。
答案：____B高频考向二 定冠词the
①谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：
The girl is Lucy's sister.这个女孩是露茜的妹妹。
②用于特指某人或某物。如：
The man in the car is my teacher.坐在车里的那个人是我的老师。
③用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。④用在乐器名称前。如：
She is playing the piano.她正在弹钢琴。
⑤用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。如：
Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆在他班上个子最高。⑥用在姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。如：
The Browns are having dinner.布朗一家正在吃晚饭。
⑦用在上文已提到的人或物前。如：
Nancy has a cat.The cat is very cute.南希有一只猫，这只猫很可爱。⑧用在表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家和党派等名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Huai River淮河，the United Kingdom英国，the Great Wall长城
⑨用在某些形容词前表示一类人。如：
the old老人，the young年轻人，the rich富人，the poor 穷人⑩用于the＋比较级，the＋比较级及the＋比较级＋of＋两者的句型中。如：
The more he thinks of it，the sadder he will be.他越想越难过。
Maria is the thinner of the two girls.玛利亚是两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。?the用在某个世纪的某个年代。如：
in the 1980s 20世纪80年代
?用在某些固定短语中。如：
at the age of在……岁时，all the time一直，by the way顺便说一下，in the end最后，终于，in the morning在早上，on the right在右边，in the middle of在……中间
【例5】 Mom，I like ________ green T-shirt.Could you buy it for me？(2014，威海)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
解析：在特指的名词前用定冠词。
答案：____C【例6】 —How is ________ film you saw last night?
—You mean ________ one，Lost in Thailand？That's wonderful！(2013，内江)
A．a；the B．the；the
C．the；不填 D．不填；the
解析：本题两空都应用定冠词the。第一空表示特指，第二空表示在上文中已提到的物。
答案：____B【例7】—Tom，I'll invite you to have ________ lunch after playing ________ violin.
—Thank you.(2014，赤峰)
A．a；the B．the；the
C．/；/ D．/；the
解析：have lunch为固定词组，中间不需任何冠词；在西洋乐器名词前应用定冠词。
答案：____ D高频考向三 零冠词
①复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时前面不用冠词。如：
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
②在某些专有名词前不用冠词，如国名、人名等。如：
China has a long history.中国拥有悠久的历史。③在星期、日期、月份、季节、节日前不用冠词。如：
October 1st is National Day.十月一日是国庆节。
注：若特指某年的某月或某季节时，则要在月份、季节前加定冠词the。如：
In the winter of 2010，he moved to China.在2010年的冬天，他搬到了中国。④在三餐、球类运动及娱乐活动的名词之前不用冠词。如：
He went to school without breakfast this morning.
他今天早晨没有吃早饭就去上学了。
Davy likes playing basketball.戴维喜欢打篮球。⑤当名词前有this，that，these，those，every，his，your，some，any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如：
Jenny's sister is my friend.珍妮的妹妹是我的朋友。
Those students often play football after school.那些学生放学后经常踢足球。⑥在表示职位和称呼前不用冠词。如：
He was elected manager of our company last year.去年他当选为我们公司的经理。
⑦与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。如：
by bus坐公共汽车
by train坐火车
注：动词take或介词in，on后接表示交通工具的名词前要加冠词。如：
take a bus坐公共汽车
on a/the bus坐公共汽车
in a/the car乘小汽车⑧用在某些习惯用语中。如：
go to school去上学
at home在家
at once立刻，马上
on time按时
in trouble陷入困境watch TV看电视
on foot步行
by mistake错误地
day and night日日夜夜
at first首先【例8】Li Na started playing ________ tennis at the age of six.She is one of ________ best women tennis players in the world.(2014，凉山)
A．the；the B．a；/ C．/；the D．the；/
解析：球类名词前不能用任何冠词；形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。
答案：____ C【例9】 It is a good habit to go to ________ bed early and get up early.(2013，丽水)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
解析：go to bed意为“上床睡觉”，是固定搭配，不用冠词。
答案：____D【例10】Miss Zhang will go to ________ America for ________ important meeting next month.(2014，梅州)
A．an；an B．/；an C．/；an D．an；the
解析：表示国家的专有名词前不能用冠词；第二个空表示泛指，且以元音音素开头。
答案：____C一、单项选择。
1．There is ____ pen on the desk and ________ pen is new.(2014，广安)
A．a；an B．an；the C．a；the
2．Hello，boys and girls！Believe in yourself.If you do something with a light heart，you'll get ____ excellent result.(2014，哈尔滨)
A．a B．an C．/CB3．Lily is ____ active girl and she is good at playing ________ guitar.(2014，绥化)
A．an；/ B．a；the C．an；the
4．—What's ____ matter with you?
—I have ________ toothache.(2014，白银)(2014，平凉)
A．a；the B．the；/ C．/；a D．the；aCD5．—Would you like to come to my party this afternoon?
—I'd like to，but my mother is ill in ____ hospital，I will go to ________ hospital to see her.(2014，内江)
A．不填；a B．a；the
C．the；the D．不填；theD6．—Have you seen ____ film Where Are We Going，Dad?
—Yes，it's ________ interesting film！(2014，扬州)
A．a；the B．the；an C．a；an D．the；the
7．My brother Fred woke up with ____ bad headache，yet by the evening the pain had gone.(2014，绍兴)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填BA8．—Is ____ red bag under the table yours，Jean?
—No，I only have ________ yellow bag.Maybe it's Julia's.(2014，泰安)
A．a；the B．the；a C．a；a D．the；the
9．I had ____ wonderful time in Beijing.(2014，孝感)
A．a B．an C．the D．/BA10．—You've dropped ____ “c” in the word “succeed”！
—Sorry，I forgot ________ letter “c” is doubled.(2014，黄石)
A．a；a B．a；the C．an；the D．the；theB请完成考点跟踪突破22
第22讲 名词和冠词
名 词
【名题实战】
1．—I want to go to different places，but I don't know the __C__．
—A map is helpful，I think.(2014，孝感)
A．price B．time C．way D．ticket
2．—Mum，I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change.
—Well，I think there is no __B__．It's almost the same as an iPhone 4s.(2014，宁波)
A．reason B．need C．answer D．way
3．Look at the __A__，sir.The white shirt is larger than the yellow one.
A．size B．shape C．weight D．colour
4．Look！There are some __C__ on the farm.(2014，黔东南)
A．chicken B．goose C．sheep D．cow
5．—You may go to Milan for a free trip.
—It's a very kind __B__，but I really can't accept it.(2014，河南)
A．excuse B．offer C．promise D．decision
【考点梳理】
名词是中考考查的重点，考查内容主要为：
1．常用专有名词表示方法；
2．可数名词单、复数变化规则及其用法；
3．不可数名词量的表示方法；
4．名词所有格的运用方法；
5．名词作主语时主谓一致问题；
6．名词词义的辨析。
高频考向一 常用专有名词
1．人名。如：Jackie Chan，Yao Ming
2．地名。如：New York，the Great Wall
3．国名。如：China，America
4．一周七天。如：Monday，Tuesday
5．一年十二个月。如：May，September
6．节日。如：Teachers' Day，Mother's Day，Christmas Day
7．专有名词缩写形式。如：USA，CD
【例1】 ________ is the most important festival in China.
A．Christmas Day B．Spring Festival
C．Mid-autumn Day D．National Day
解析：A选项是圣诞节；B选项是春节；C选项是中秋节；D选项是国庆节。根据句意“在中国最重要的节日”，当然是春节。
答案：__B__
高频考向二 名词辨析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后做出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。
【例2】 —What are you going to do when you grow up?
—My ________ is to become an astronaut.(2014，襄阳)
A．hobby B．dream C．job D．advice
解析：由问句“你长大后将去做什么”可知，答句应为“我的梦想是成为一名航天员”。
答案：__B__
【例3】 —The picnic is only in three days.Have you made any ________？
—Not yet.So let's discuss what to prepare.(2014，台州)
A．wishes B．plans C．mistakes D．friends
解析：A选项意为“愿望”；B选项意为“计划”；C选项意为“错误”；D选项意为“朋友”。由答句句意“还没有。所以让我们去讨论准备什么”可知，问句句意为“野餐只剩下三天了。你做计划了吗”。
答案：__B__
高频考向三 名词的数
名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如：an uncle，a university，an honest man，an hour，a useful book，an apple等。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种：
1．可数名词的复数规则变化
构成方法
例子
①一般情况下，在名词的末尾加-s
desk→desks，apple→apples
②以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es
class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches
③以辅音＋y结尾的名词，把y变为i，再加-es
country→countries，factory→factories
④以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe变为v，再加-es
knife→knives，wife→wives，leaf→leaves
⑤以o结尾表示有生命的名词，在词尾加-es
tomato→tomatoes，hero→heroes
⑥以o结尾表示无生命的名词，在词尾加-s
radio→radios.photo→photos
(这是边文，请据需要手工删加)
语法复习(这是单页眉，请据需要手工删加)
2．可数名词的复数不规则变化
?元音或词尾发生变化。
如：man→men；woman→women；Frenchman→Frenchmen；tooth→teeth；foot→feet；child→children
?单复数形式相同。
如：sheep→sheep；fish(鱼的条数) →fish；Chinese(中国人)→Chinese；Japanese(日本人)→Japanese；deer(鹿)→deer
?形式为单数，意思为复数。
如：people，police
?视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。
如：family，class，team，group
?形式为复数，意思为单数。
如：news，maths，physics，the United States等。
?只用复数形式pants，shorts，clothes，glasses (眼镜)等。
?由man，woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman都变成复数。
如：man driver→men drivers，woman teacher→women teachers
但其他合成名词，只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。
如：a banana tree→banana trees；a shoe factory→shoe factories
注意：①可数名词的单复数要与句子结构保持一致。
②可数名词一般不单独使用，表类别时可用复数形式，或用不定冠词或定冠词加单数名词。如：oranges，the/an orange。
③修饰可数名词复数的词有these，those，many，(a) few，a/the number of，some/any，a lot of等。常用they，them来替代。
3．不可数名词
不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词，它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a＋量词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”短语，变复数时把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：a bowl of water一碗水；two cups of tea两杯茶
初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，tea，milk，food，fruit，meat，fish(鱼肉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef，mutton，orange(橙汁)，sugar，salt，paper(纸)，porridge，bread，sand，juice，news，music，time(时间)，information，fun，advice等。
注意：①有些名词既可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词，如：time(时间/次数，倍数)，fish(鱼肉/鱼)，room(空间/房间)，noise(噪音/响声)，paper(纸/试卷，文件)，chicken(鸡肉/鸡)，experience(经验/经历)
②表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much，(a)little，a lot of，some，any等修饰。常用it来替代。
【例4】 —Where are you going，Sam?
—There isn't any ________ in the fridge.I'll go and buy some.(2014，凉山)
A．vegetables B．beef C．eggs D．money
解析：由is可知此处应用可数名词单数或不可数名词，故排除A、C选项。再根据句意来判断。
答案：__B__
【例5】 I saw some ________ and ________ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.(2013，绥化)
A．Germen；Englishmen B．Germans；Englishmans
C．Germans；Englishmen
解析：German的复数形式为Germans；Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen。
答案：__C__
高频考向四 名词所有格
①有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用在词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。
如：It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
②以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加“'”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如：
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-meter race？谁赢了女子100米赛跑？
③不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如：Where's the People's Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是警察宿舍。
(这是边文，请据需要手工删加)
④表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所拥有时，则每个名词后均加“'s”。试比较：
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父
亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。
⑤有些名词如：诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“'s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：the doctor's(医生诊所)，Mr.White's(怀特先生家)，the book-seller's(书店)。
⑥of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如：
a map of China一幅中国地图
⑦既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle's，a photo of Jim's family等。
【例6】 ________ desk is long and wide.They like it very much.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．Sonia's and Jane's
B．Sonia and Jane's
C．Sonia and Jane
解析：A项表示两个人各自的桌子，后应接复数名词；B项表示两个人共有的桌子，后接单数名词；C项不可以直接作定语。
答案：__B__
【例7】 —How far is your home from school?
—It's about two ________ walk.(2013，潍坊)
A．hours B．hours' C．hour's D．hour
解析：由答语“两个小时的步行路程”可知，此处应用名词所有格形式。hour为可数名词，在基数词后应使用复数形式hours，以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格直接在词尾加“'”构成。
答案：__B__
一、单项选择。
1．—How many __B__ are there?
—About fifty.(2014，广安)
A．tomatos B．tomatoes C．tomato
2．Recently people care more about the safety of __A__．Everyone wants to eat healthily.(2014，衡阳)
A．foods B．clothes C．buildings
3．Miss Black is a friend of __A__，she always looks after my sister.(2014，龙东)
A．Mary's mother's B．Mary's mother'
C．Mary mother's
4．There are fifty __B__ in our school.They are all friendly to us.(2014，安顺)
A．woman teachers B．women teachers
C．woman teacher D．women teacher
5．—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right.It's one of the __D__ of my family.(2014，泰安)
A．plans B．jobs C．programs D．rules
6．I'm tired.This is not the right __A__ to ask me to go for a walk.(2014，杭州)
A．moment B．chance C．place D．season
7．Could you please get me some __C__？I'm hungry.(2014，黔西南)
A．apple B．water C．bread D．egg
8．—Excuse me，where did you get the book?
—I borrowed it from the __B__．(2013，重庆)
A．cinema B．library C．park D．station
9．—The sweater is not the right __C__ for me.
—Well，shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one？(2013，绍兴)
A．price B．color C．size D．material
10．You'd better read the __C__ first before you use the camera.(2013，嘉兴、舟山)
A．websites B．expressions
C．instructions D．advertisements
二、词汇运用。
A)根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
11．Uncle Wang bought two watches (手表) yesterday.
12．There are a lot of sheep (绵羊) on the grass.
13．The cat caught two mice (老鼠) last night.
14．Gina would like some juice (果汁) to drink.
15．Jack went to have two teeth (牙齿) pulled out yesterday afternoon.
B)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
16．Nick，can you give me some information about that event?
17．Friday is Linda's favorite day，because she has P．E.on that day.
18．There is not enough room in the corner to put the table.
19．It's a secret．You shouldn't tell it to others.
20．Ben likes the shape of the cake.It's a heart.
冠 词
【名题实战】
1．—What do you think of the new movie The Monkey King，Sally?
—It's __A__ funny one.(2013，台州)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
2．—Mary，who's __C__ woman over there?
—She's my aunt, English teacher.(2014，天津)
A．the；the B．a；the C．the；an D．a；an
3．Let's take __A__ photo！Everyone，cheese！(2014，河北)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
4．I'm going to be __B__ basketball player.(2014，成都)
A．the B．a C．an
5．Eric is not going to Nanjing by __A__ plane.Instead，he is taking ________ train.(2014，广东)
A．/；a B．a；/ C．a；the D．the；a
【考点梳理】
中考中对冠词的考查主要为：
1．冠词的基本用法；
2．零冠词的情况；
3．习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。
高频考向一 不定冠词a，an
①不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：
an apple 一个苹果 an hour一小时
a book一本书 a university一所大学
②泛指某一类人或物。如：
A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
③表示数量“一”，但没有one强。如：
I would like a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。
④用在文中第一次提到某人或某物时。如：
—What's this？这是什么？
—It's a bike.这是一辆自行车。
⑤用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：
three times a week每周三次
⑥用于某些固定短语中。如：
a lot of许多，have a cold感冒，have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快，in a hurry匆忙，take a bus乘坐公共汽车
【例1】 —What do you think of Lucy?
—She is ________ honest girl.(2014，益阳)
A．an B．a C．the
解析：表泛指，且以元音音素开头。
答案：__A__
【例2】As Tim loves Zunyi a lot，he bought ________ one-way ticket to Zunyi and decided to stay here for a year.(2014，遵义)
A．an B．a C．/
解析：表数量“一”。
答案：__B__
【例3】 Do you know a spaceship flies at about nineteen kilometers ________ second？(2013，兰州)
A．the B．a C．/ D．an
解析：用在时间“second”前，表示“每一”。
答案：__B__
【例4】Lin Dan is ________ excellent player I'm ________ big fan of him.(2014，福州)
A．a；the B．an；a C．the；an
解析：表泛指，第一个空后以元音音素开头，第二个空后面以辅音音素开头。
答案：__B__
高频考向二 定冠词the
①谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：
The girl is Lucy's sister.这个女孩是露茜的妹妹。
②用于特指某人或某物。如：
The man in the car is my teacher.坐在车里的那个人是我的老师。
③用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
④用在乐器名称前。如：
She is playing the piano.她正在弹钢琴。
⑤用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。如：
Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆在他班上个子最高。
⑥用在姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。如：
The Browns are having dinner.布朗一家正在吃晚饭。
⑦用在上文已提到的人或物前。如：
Nancy has a cat.The cat is very cute.南希有一只猫，这只猫很可爱。
⑧用在表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家和党派等名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Huai River淮河，the United Kingdom英国，the Great Wall长城
⑨用在某些形容词前表示一类人。如：
the old老人，the young年轻人，the rich富人，the poor 穷人
⑩用于the＋比较级，the＋比较级及the＋比较级＋of＋两者的句型中。如：
The more he thinks of it，the sadder he will be.他越想越难过。
Maria is the thinner of the two girls.玛利亚是两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。
?the用在某个世纪的某个年代。如：
in the 1980s 20世纪80年代
?用在某些固定短语中。如：
at the age of在……岁时，all the time一直，by the way顺便说一下，in the end最后，终于，in the morning在早上，on the right在右边，in the middle of在……中间
【例5】 Mom，I like ________ green T-shirt.Could you buy it for me？(2014，威海)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
解析：在特指的名词前用定冠词。
答案：__C__
【例6】 —How is ________ film you saw last night?
—You mean ________ one，Lost in Thailand？That's wonderful！(2013，内江)
A．a；the B．the；the
C．the；不填 D．不填；the
解析：本题两空都应用定冠词the。第一空表示特指，第二空表示在上文中已提到的物。
答案：__B__
【例7】—Tom，I'll invite you to have ________ lunch after playing ________ violin.
—Thank you.(2014，赤峰)
A．a；the B．the；the
C．/；/ D．/；the
解析：have lunch为固定词组，中间不需任何冠词；在西洋乐器名词前应用定冠词。
答案：__D__
高频考向三 零冠词
①复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时前面不用冠词。如：
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
②在某些专有名词前不用冠词，如国名、人名等。如：
China has a long history.中国拥有悠久的历史。
③在星期、日期、月份、季节、节日前不用冠词。如：
October 1st is National Day.十月一日是国庆节。
注：若特指某年的某月或某季节时，则要在月份、季节前加定冠词the。如：
In the winter of 2010，he moved to China.在2010年的冬天，他搬到了中国。
④在三餐、球类运动及娱乐活动的名词之前不用冠词。如：
He went to school without breakfast this morning.
他今天早晨没有吃早饭就去上学了。
Davy likes playing basketball.戴维喜欢打篮球。
⑤当名词前有this，that，these，those，every，his，your，some，any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如：
Jenny's sister is my friend.珍妮的妹妹是我的朋友。
Those students often play football after school.那些学生放学后经常踢足球。
⑥在表示职位和称呼前不用冠词。如：
He was elected manager of our company last year.去年他当选为我们公司的经理。
⑦与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。如：
by bus坐公共汽车
by train坐火车
注：动词take或介词in，on后接表示交通工具的名词前要加冠词。如：
take a bus坐公共汽车
on a/the bus坐公共汽车
in a/the car乘小汽车
⑧用在某些习惯用语中。如：
go to school去上学
at home在家
at once立刻，马上
on time按时
in trouble陷入困境
watch TV看电视
on foot步行
by mistake错误地
day and night日日夜夜
at first首先
【例8】Li Na started playing ________ tennis at the age of six.She is one of ________ best women tennis players in the world.(2014，凉山)
A．the；the B．a；/ C．/；the D．the；/
解析：球类名词前不能用任何冠词；形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。
答案：__C__
【例9】 It is a good habit to go to ________ bed early and get up early.(2013，丽水)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
解析：go to bed意为“上床睡觉”，是固定搭配，不用冠词。
答案：__D__
【例10】Miss Zhang will go to ________ America for ________ important meeting next month.(2014，梅州)
A．an；an B．/；an C．/；an D．an；the
解析：表示国家的专有名词前不能用冠词；第二个空表示泛指，且以元音音素开头。
答案：__C__
一、单项选择。
1．There is __C__ pen on the desk and ________ pen is new.(2014，广安)
A．a；an B．an；the C．a；the
2．Hello，boys and girls！Believe in yourself.If you do something with a light heart，you'll get __B__ excellent result.(2014，哈尔滨)
A．a B．an C．/
3．Lily is __C__ active girl and she is good at playing ________ guitar.(2014，绥化)
A．an；/ B．a；the C．an；the
4．—What's __D__ matter with you?
—I have ________ toothache.(2014，白银)(2014，平凉)
A．a；the B．the；/ C．/；a D．the；a
5．—Would you like to come to my party this afternoon?
—I'd like to，but my mother is ill in __D__ hospital，I will go to ________ hospital to see her.(2014，内江)
A．不填；a B．a；the
C．the；the D．不填；the
6．—Have you seen __B__ film Where Are We Going，Dad?
—Yes，it's ________ interesting film！(2014，扬州)
A．a；the B．the；an C．a；an D．the；the
7．My brother Fred woke up with __A__ bad headache，yet by the evening the pain had gone.(2014，绍兴)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
8．—Is __B__ red bag under the table yours，Jean?
—No，I only have ________ yellow bag.Maybe it's Julia's.(2014，泰安)
A．a；the B．the；a C．a；a D．the；the
9．I had __A__ wonderful time in Beijing.(2014，孝感)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
10．—You've dropped __B__ “c” in the word “succeed”！
—Sorry，I forgot ________ letter “c” is doubled.(2014，黄石)
a；a B．a；the C．an；the D．the；the
考点跟踪突破22 名词和冠词
名词
1．—What would you like to say to your __A__ before leaving school?
—I'd like to say “Thank you very much！I've learnt a lot from you in the past three years.”(2014，十堰)
A．teachers B．workers C．doctors D．engineers
2．—What's the date?
—It's October 1st，it's __B__．(2014，六盘水)
A．Children's Day B．National Day
C．Mid-autumn Day D．Mother's Day
3．—Would you like some __D__？
—No，thanks.I'm not thirsty at all.(2014，六盘水)
A．bread B．broccoli C．tomatoes D．tea
4．—Betty，pass me the __C__．I will cut the cake.
—OK，Mom.Here you are.(2014，衢州)
A．sugar B．scarf C．knife D．note
5．—Which class won the basketball match?
—__B__ did.(2014，黔南)
A．Class Third B．Class Three
C．Third Class D．Three Class
6．Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on __D__ Day.(2014，广东)
A．Woman B．Women C．Woman's D．Women's
7．The boy didn't sleep well last night because of the __B__ from the factory.(2014，平凉)
A．voice B．noise C．music D．song
8．John didn't find much __A__ about the accident.(2014，绥化)
A．news B．answer C．article
9．In China，we celebrate __C__ Day on June 1st，________ Day on September 10th.(2014，绥化)
A．Children's；Teacher's B．Children；Teachers
C．Children's；Teachers'
10．A human __C__ can do some things better than a computer，for example，creating new ideas.(2014，沈阳)
A．head B．body C．brain D．arm
11．It's a wise __C__ to wear the white tie.It matches your shirt well.(2014，荆州)
A．agreement B．support
C．choice D．condition
12．Our school uniforms are out of __D__．We think young people should look smart.(2014，绍兴)
A．luck B．sight C．reach D．fashion
13．—Let's make a banana milk shake.What do we need？(2014，巴中)
—We need some __B__ and two ________.
A．bananas；cup of milk B．bananas；cups of milk
C．bananas；milks
14．—Who's that girl over there?
—Julia，she is a student of __D__．(2014，贺州)
A．my fathers' B．my father
C．my fathers D．my father's
15．—You look so young，Madam！How old are you?
—Aha！It's a __C__．(2014，抚州)
A．suggestion B．reason
C．secret D．problem
16．—Look！Here comes Cindy！She is always full of __D__．(2014，阜康)
—So she is.Because she takes a lot of exercise every day.
A．knowledge B．courage
C．change D．energy
17．—Whose __C__ are these?
—I think they are John's.(2014，永州)
A．key B．keies C．keys
18．Mr.Li is always patient to give me __C__ on how to work out the problems.(2014，遵义)
A．an advice B．many advices
C．some advice
19．The customers are pleased with the __D__ of the restaurant.(2014，梅州)
A．balance B．experience C．surface D．service
20．—Do you come to South Korea for the __C__ of seeing your family or doing business?
—I come here on business.(2014，鄂州)
A．interest B．benefit C．purpose D．thought
21．—Taking a walk after supper is a good __B__．
—So it is.It keeps us healthy.
A．event B．habit C．rule D．reason
22．All the __A__ teachers and the ________ students are having a football game on the playground.
A．men；boy B．man；boys
C．men；boys D．man；boy
23．Studying in a foreign country is a different __C__ and you will learn a lot.
A．exam B．exhibition
C．experience D．message
24．—I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to swim this summer.
—Is that a __B__？I'm sure I'll get the bike.
A．chance B．promise C．trick D．treat
冠词
1．Who is __C__ young lady with curly blonde hair？(2014，湖州)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．This is __A__ useful book，________ book is my brother's.(2014，安顺)
A．a；the B．an；the C．a；an D．an；a
3．In order to find __C__ better job in the future，he planned to learn ________ second foreign language.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．the；a B．the；the C．a；a
4．—Will you get there by __C__ bike?
—No，I will take ________ bus.(2014，龙东)
A．the；a B．a；the C．/；a
5．—Can you play __C__ guitar?
—Sure.It's a piece of cake for me.(2014，十堰)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
6．Have __B__ nice day！(2014，毕节)
A．the B．a C．an D．/
7．—How was __B__ dinner at Mike's house?
—It was great.Mike's mum is ________ wonderful cook.(2014，黔西南)
A．a；the B．the；a C．the；the D．a；an
8．—What __B__ heavy rain it was!
—Yes，but I love ________ air after it rains.It smells so fresh.(2014，河南)
A．the；a B．a；the C．the；the D．a；a
9．If we sit by __C__ window of the train，we'll have ________ better view.(2014，苏州)
A．/；the B．/；a C．the；a D．the；the
10．I think English is __B__ useful language，and it's also ________ important language.(2014，宜昌)
A．an；a B．a；an C．an；the D．a；the
11．—We have __A__ 8-day holiday.(2014，黔南)
—Why not go to ________ West Lake?
A．an；the B．a；a C．a；the D．an；a
12．—Why did you laugh just now？(2014，呼和浩特)
—Ted wanted to tell us __D__ very funny story，but he forgot ________ ending himself.
A．a；an B．the；the C．the；a D．a；the
13．—What's that in English?
—It's __B__ eraser.(2014，南充)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
14．Mrs.Smith has __B__ 8-year-old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.(2014，衢州)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
15．—What do you think of Wang Wei?
—He is __B__ honest boy，and always helps ________ old.(2014，遂宁)
A．a；the B．an；the C．the；an
16．There is __B__ ruler，________ eraser and some pens in my pencil-box.
A．an；a B．a；an C．a；the D．the；/
17．—Do you know Ye Shiwen？(2014，玉林)
—Yes，she is __D__ Olympic swimming star.She started swimming at ________ age of six.
A．an；an B．a；the C．the；an D．an；the
18．—How did you know __B__ news about Greenpeace，Lisa？(2014，绵阳)
—Well，I got it from ________ China Daily.
A．a；the B．the；/ C．the；the D．an；a
19．__A__ Yangtze River is ________ first longest river in China.
A．The；the B．A；the C．A；a D．The；a
20．One afternoon he found a handbag.There was __C__ “s” in one corner of ________ handbag.
A．an；a B．a；the C．an；the D．a；a
21．I think it's really __D__ hard work for me to finish the job in twenty minutes.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
22．I will take __C__ vacation with my parents day after tomorrow.
A．a；/ B．an；a C．a；the D．the；a
23．—Have you seen __B__ iPhone 5S？I left it here this morning.
—Is it ______ black one？I think I saw it somewhere.
A．an；the B．an；a C．the；a D．the；/
24．When you finish reading the book，you will have __D__ better understanding of ________ life.
A．a；the B．the；a C．/；the D．a；/
25．—Do you know Robert?
—Yes，he is __B__ university student.He likes sports and runs for ________ hour every morning.
A．a；a B．a；an C．an；an D．an；a
