人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures课件(共41张PPT)

(共41张PPT)
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Live to Tell： Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality.
—— United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2016)
Learning objectives
Comprehend the functions of attributive clauses enriching the content of sentences, describing the characteristics of things and supplementing information.
Enrich language expressions using attributive clauses to
supplement information.
1. She is a beautiful girl.
2. He went to school yesterday.
3. He met a friend on the way to school.
4. He gave me an interesting book.
句子成分
判断下列动词是vt. or vi.
see, teach, work, get, buy, live, build,give, experience, come, say, tell, spend, catch
句子分类
1. I will go to school tonight.
2. He gave me a book and I will read it tonight.
3. I will go to school when you come back tonight.
确定从句类型
He said hello to us.
He said that he was tired.
The story is true.
What he said at the meeting is true.
This is the news.
This is what he said at the meeting.
I will leave in the evening.
I will leave when you come back tonight.
He gave me an interesting book.
He gave me a book which is useful for study
连接词在句中起什么作用？
1. She is the girl ______ lives next door.
2. The work _____ has just been finished is very important.
3. That is the book ______ I want to read.
4. That’s the girl ______ I teach.
5. This is the scientist ________ achievements are well known.
6. This is the house _________ window broke last night.
7. I still remember the day ______ I first came to Beijing.
8. Can you tell me the office ________ he works
9. Do you know the reason ______he is absent
结论：
连接词代表先行词在从句中充当一个成分
代人作宾语———（who/whom/that）
代人作主语———who/that
代物作主语———which/that
代物作宾语———（which/that）
代人的/物的作定语———whose(of whom/which)
代其作时间状语——when
代其作地点状语——where
代其原因作状语——why
as的用法
as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：
1.We have found such matericals ___ are used in their factory.
such（代词）+as 像.......一样的，像......之类的
the same+名词+as... 和.......同样的
as可以指人/物，可做主语/宾语
such+名词+as...像......一样的，像.......之类的
2.This book is not such ____ I expect.
3.I have the same book ____ he has.
such...as与such...that的区别
1.They has such a fierce dog ____ I have never seen.
2.They has such a fierce dog _____ no one dare to go near their house.
the same...as与the same...that的区别
1. I bought the same book _____ you bought.
2. I met the same person _______ I saw yesterday.
比较
This is the reason ______ he was late.This is the reason _____ he gave for not coming.This is the factory ______ I visited yesterday.This is the factory _____ makes TV sets.This is the factory ______ TV sets are made.
结论： 成分决定关联词
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1. He is the teacher _____ everybody likes.
2. Mr. Green,_______ everybody likes, is coming tomorrow.
3. I like the book _____ you gave me yesterday.
4. He left me a book, _____is very useful for me.
5. He was often late, _______ made his teacher very angry.
6.____ you see, the Chinese people are hard-working.
限制性定语从句/非限制性定语从句
限定性 非限定性
1. 关系紧密（无逗号） 关系松散（有逗号）
2. 多译为一句 可译为一句或两句
3. 连接词that可省可代 不可省不可代
4. 一般只修饰名词或代词 有时可修饰整个句子
As和which引导非限制性定语从句的异同
1.____ you see, the Chinese people are hard-working.
2._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.
3.She is very patient, _____ is shown in her work.
4.The weather turned out to be very good, _______was more than we could expected.
5. The book, _____ I bought yesterday, is very instructive.
as which
位置
翻译时的区别
先行词
总结：
共同点： 都可以代表整个句子
不同点：
位置灵活
只能主句之后
“正如”
这一点，这件事
as从句的先行词只能是句子
可以是一个名词
关系代词that与which的区别
在限制性定语从句中，用关系代词that不用which的情况：
1. Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
1. 先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much,everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时
2. You can take any book that you like.
3.This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
4.This train is the first that will go to Beijing
2. 当先行词被不定代词（any, every, no , all , few, little, much等）、序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
3. 先行词被the only,the very,the right，the last等修饰时
3. This is the very bus that I am waiting for.
4. 当先行词既有人又有物时
5.当主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时
4. Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about
5. Which is the bike that you lost
6. They secretly build up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
6.有两个定语从句，其中有一个关系代词用which，另一个宜用that
7. Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
7. 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时
8. There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
8. 主句是there be 句型且关系词在从句中作主语时
1. 在非限制性定语从句中
2. 当动词动词短语中介词提前时
3.连接词后面有插入语时
4. 先行词本身就是that时
1.The sports meeting was put off, which astonished me.
2.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
3. Here is the English grammer book which, I think,
will help you improve your English.
4. what't that which flashed trough the sky just now
只用which不用that的情况
Edison made a lot of invetions, which I think _____(be) are of great importance.
关系副词的用法
（1）当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at，on，during等）+which；where=表地点带的介词（如：in，on，at，under等）+which；why=for which
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
(when= on which)
Can you tell me the office where he works (where=in which)
(表示抽象的地点名词 case，scene,situation, condition,race, life, point等作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句）
Do you know the reason why he is absent
(why=for which)
(2)关系副词when，where可用于非限制性定语从句，而关系副词why不可以。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，关系代词常用which（指物），whom（指人），即介词+which/whom
1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词which/whom不能省略。
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn.
2. 在限制性定语从句中，当介词谓语定语从句末尾时，可用that/which（指物），that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语，而且介词宾语的关系词可以省略。
This is the hero that/who/whom we are proud of.
This is the pen that/which I wrote the letter with.
Attention：
有些动词+介词的固定搭配不能把介词提到关系代词之前。
常见的不可拆开的动词词组有：
Care for 喜欢，关心deal with 处理，对付 get through 通过，接通电话 see to 照管，料理
Hear from/of 收到某人的来信/听说 look for/after 寻找/照顾 send for 派人去请
1. 复合介词短语+关系代词which引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
4.名词/代词+介词+关系代词结构
此类结构常见的有：some/several/a few/ a little/ many more /most of which /whom等形式
Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
介词+关系代词中介词的确定
1.根据先行词的某种习惯来确定
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent mu childhood in the country.
2.根据定语从句中的动词的某种习惯来确定
I bought a great many book, on which I spent all money that I saved.
3.根据所表达的意思来确定
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
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由Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\ 宾语
1、Do you know the man ___ is talking with your father
A. whose B. who C. which
2、The boys ___ the teacher talked to are from Class One.
A. when B. which C. who
3、Those ___ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
A. who B. which C. whom
选择题
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4. The gentleman ___ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room.
A. whom B. what C. which
6. The teacher for ____ you are waiting has come.
A. who B. whom C. that
由Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语
介词提前时只能用 whom
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7. A child ___ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose 8. This book is for the students ___ native(本国的) language is not English.
A. that B. of whom C. whose
9. The boy ___ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.
A. who B. whose C. that
由Whose 引导的定语从句, 在句中做定语
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10、He prefers to eat the rice ___ in the south.
A. who is grown B. which is grown
C. when is grown
11、 The knife ___ I cut the apple with can’t be found.
A. which B. who C. what
12、The room in ___ there are many books is mine.
A. that B. who C. which
13、This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. when
由Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\ 宾语
介词提前时只能用 which
that
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14. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which B. that C. what
15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that
先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything只能用that引导
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16. It’s the most boring film ___ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. whose
17. This is the first car ___ arrived this morning.
A. which B. who C. that
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导
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18. I know all people ___ are from that village.
A. who B. that C. whose
19. There is no water ___ is needed badly.
A. which B. who C. that
20. Please take any seat ___ is free.
A. which B. that C. in which
先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时只能用that引导
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21. That is the very book ___ I was looking for.
A. who B. that C. which
22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing ___ he owns.
A. who B. that C. which
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时只能用that引导
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23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ___ were popular then.
A. who B. that C. which
先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导
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24. Who is the worker ___ took some pictures of the factory.
A. who B. that C. which
主句已有who或which时,只能用that 引导
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填空题
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
who/that
which/that
whose
3. The man ______ leg broke in a
match used to be a football player.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the
new dress __________ I gave her.
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4. My parents live in a house__________
is more than 100 years old.
5. The boy with _______ John spoke is
my brother.
6. Kevin is reading a book __________
is too difficult for him.
which/that
whom
which/that
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7. Is there anything ________ you want
to buy in the town.
8.All ______ we can do is to study hard.
9. The first one _____ stands up is a
little boy.
that
that
that
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句子翻译
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
The man who is running is my uncle.
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3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.
I like the music that I can sing along with.
4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.