人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点单词、短语及句型课件（共51张PPT)

(共51张PPT)
Period 4
重点单词、短语及句型
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Live to Tell： Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality.
—— United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2016)
Learning objectives
1.Learn to know the usage of some important words.
2.To do some exercises by using these words.
Part 1 重点单词·巧记
1. ______　　 n. &vt. 营救; 救援
2. _______ vt. 损害; 破坏 n. 损坏; 损失
3. _______ vt. 摧毁; 毁灭
4. _______ vt. 影响; ( 疾病)侵袭; 深深打动
5. _______ n. 避难处; 居所; 庇护
vt. 保护; 掩蔽vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
rescue
damage
destroy
affect
shelter
6. __________ vt. 使落入险境; 使陷入圈套
n. 险境; 陷阱
7. _______ vt. 埋葬; 安葬
8. _______ vi. & vt. 呼吸
9. _______ n. 努力; 艰难的尝试; 尽力
10. _______ n. 供应(量); 补给; [pl. ] 补给品
vt. 供应; 供给
trap
bury
breathe
effort
supply
Part 2词性转换
1._______ n. 死;死亡→______ vi.死;死亡→______ adj. 死的;无生命的
2.________ vt. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→_______ n. 影响→____________ n.感情;喜爱→ ___________ adj. 有效的
3._______ n.震惊;令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊→__________ adj.感到震惊的→__________ adj. 令人震惊的
4.____________ vi.&vt.呼吸→_________ n. 呼吸
death
die
dead
affect
effect
affection
shock
shocked
shocking
breathe
breath
effective
5._________ vt.遭受;蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→___________ n. 折磨;苦难
6._______ vi.&vt. (火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出
→___________ n. 爆发;喷发
7.______________ vi. 生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过→_____________ n. 生存;幸存→_____________ n. 幸存者
suffer
suffering
erupt
eruption
survive
survival
survivor
8. ________ n. 电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→___________ adj. 强大的
9.________ vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→__________ n. 递送
10.__________ n.总结;概括;概要→____________ vt.总结
11.__________ n. 长;长度→________ adj.长的
power
powerful
deliver
delivery
summary
summarize
length
long
Part 3 核心短语
1. _________ 严重受损; 破败不堪
2. __________ 震惊; 吃惊
3. ___________________ 数以万计的
4. ________ 谈起; 说起; 提到; 指的是
5. _________ 至少; 起码; 无论如何
6. _____________ 露天; 在户外
in ruins
in shock
tens of thousands of
refer to
at least
in the open air
7．________________ 消灭，彻底消除
8．________________ 现有(尤指帮助)
9．________________ 似乎；好像；仿佛
10．________________ 保持冷静
11．________________ 像往常一样
12．________________ ……的数量
13．________________ 经历
sweep away
on hand
as if
stay calm
as usual
the number of　
go through
1.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动[教材原句] 82 killed,500,000 affected (P49) 82人丧生,50万人受影响 【词块必记】(1)be affected by 　　受……的影响；被……感动 be affected/infected by 感染……疾病(2)affection n. 喜爱show/have/feel much/an affection for...
(非常)喜欢……，(非常)喜爱……
(3)effect n. 作用；影响 have an effect on /upon sth 对……产生影响in effect事实上;实际上;有效的come into effect/take effect(法律、规划或制度)生效;实施of no effect 没有效果的;没有影响的put/bring sth into effect实施;实行;使生效cause and effect因果 side effect副作用(4)effective adj.有效的 effectively adv.有效地;实际上
1. Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
两座楼都在大火中严重受损。
2. The divorce affected every aspect of her life.
离婚使她生活的各个方面都受到了影响。
3. It's a disease that affects mainly older people.
这是一种主要侵扰老年人的疾病。
4. I was deeply affected by the film (= it caused strong feelings in me).
我被电影深深地打动了。
The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.
核辐射泄漏给环境带来了灾难性的影响。
I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn't have any effect.
我试着吃了几片药，但头疼一点都没有减轻。
I think I'm suffering from the effects of too little sleep.
我觉得我睡眠太少，健康受到了影响。
She has a lot of confidence, which she uses to good effect (= to her advantage) in interviews.
她很自信，在面试时她充分利用这一点，占尽了优势。
[写出下列句中affect的含义](1) The places where we live can affect our thoughts and behaviours. __________(2) (2)Deeply affected by the film,the audience couldn’t hold back tears._____________(3)A lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.___________
影响
(感情上)深深打动
(疾病)侵袭,使感染
[单句语法填空](4)As I ____________by the show the White Snake Legend,I began to develop a deep ________ for Peking Opera. (affect)(5)Sandstorms also reduce visibility,________ (affect) airplanes and road transportation.(6)[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is more __________(effect) at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.(7)[2020·北京卷]People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more ________ (effect).
was affected
affection
affecting
effective
effectively
[写美](8)鲁迅一生创作了大量的小说，对中国文学产生了深远的影响。During his lifetime, Lu Xun wrote a great number of excellent novels，_______________________________________．(9)I was deeply affected by the film Hi Mom and couldn't hold back tears.→____________________________________，I couldn't hold back tears.(分词短语作状语)
all of which have a profound effect on Chinese literature
Deeply affected by the film Hi Mom
2.bury vt.埋葬；安葬[教材原句]Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。
【词块必记】(1) bury... in...　把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……bury one's face in one's hands　双手掩面(2)be buried in... = Bury oneself in (doing.)...
埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：①be absorbed/engaged in　　②be devoted to=devote oneself to ③be lost in =lose oneself in　 ④focus/concentrate on⑤ be immersed in 沉浸在⑥fix/concentrate one's attention on
1.His father is buried in the cemetery on the hill.
他的父亲葬在山上的墓地里。
2.If an avalanche strikes, skiers can be buried alive by snow.
如果发生雪崩，滑雪者可能会被雪活埋。
3. She buried her face in her hands and began to sob.
她双手掩面开始啜泣。
4. I found the article buried (away) in the business section of the newspaper.
我在报纸的商务版找到了这篇文章。
单句语法填空①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, ________ (bury) herself in the book.②Though _________(bury) in the ruins for about 70 hours after the earthquake, the man managed to survive. [写美句]——句式升级Because he buried himself in playing the flute, he didn't know it was raining . →③__________________ playing the flute , he was not aware it was raining . (现在分词短语作状语)→④__________ playing the flute, he was not aware it was raining . (过去分词短语作状语)
burying
buried
Burying himself in
Buried in
3.effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力[教材原句] With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.(P50) 在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下,一个崭新的唐山在地震废墟上崛起。 【词块必记】with great effort努力 in an effort to do sth为了做某事 without effort毫不费力地 put effort into (doing) sth努力做某事 it takes effort to do sth做某事需要努力 make every effort to do sth尽全力做某事make an effort/efforts to do sth努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事
1. If we could all make an effort to keep this office tidier it would help.
如果我们都努力保持整洁，那么办公室的面貌肯定会大有改观。
2. You can't expect to have any friends if you don't make the effort with people.
如果不努力去和人们交往，你就别想有朋友。
3. In their efforts to reduce crime the government expanded the police force.
为了减少犯罪，政府扩大了警察的队伍。
4. He's jogging around the park every morning in an effort to get fit.
为了调整好身体状况，他现在每天早晨都绕着公园慢跑。
【单句语法填空】①A good environment depends on the _________(effort) made by everyone. ②No one can achieve anything _______effort. [完成句子](3)父母为孩子安排好一切,不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。Parents arrange everything for their children and _________________ pave the way for their success.(4)我厌恶那些不努力的人。I dislike people who don’t ______________.
efforts
without
spare no effort to
make an effort
(5)公司为节省资金解雇了150名工人。The company has laid off 150 workers ____________________save money.(6)He______________________________________(不遗余力地练习说英语) every day.
[佳句背诵]
If I am lucky enough to be elected,I will make every effort to serve for the benefit of students and our club.
如果我有幸当选,我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。
in an effort to
spares no effort to practice speaking English
4.supply n. [pl.] 补给品;供应(量);补给vt. 供应;供给[教材原句] The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.(P52) 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。【词块必记】(1)water supply供水 be in short supply供不应求a supply/supplies of...……的供应 supply and demand供求关系medical supplies 医疗用品
(2)supply sb/sth with sth=supply sth to sb/sth给……提供某物[联想]　表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.give away sth. to sb.[名师点津]supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用复数形式,即supplies。
1. Electrical power is supplied by underground cables.
电力是由地下电缆输送的。
2. Three people have been arrested for supplying arms to the terrorists.
有三个人因为向恐怖分子提供武器而被捕。
3. At the beginning of termthe semester, students are supplied with a list of books that they are expected to read.
在学期初，学生们拿到了一份阅读书目清单。
4. In the capital, demand for cheap housing far outstrips supply (= what is provided).
在首都，廉价住房远远供不应求。
[单句语法填空](1)They used the money ___________ (supply) the school with new textbooks. (2)Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes a large supply ______ baby food with her.(3)Food __________ (supply) in the flood-stricken area are running out.(4)During the outbreak of the epidemic ,medical masks were ____ short supply in every area.(5)[2021·全国乙卷]For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data ________ (supply) by the World Atlas list so far.
to supply
of
supplies
in
supplied
[写美]——一句多译政府在地震后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣物。(supply)(6)The government _________________________________ the local people since the earthquake occurred.(7)The government _____________________________________________ since the earthquake occurred.
supplied plenty of food and clothes to
supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes
5.shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克　vt. (使)震惊[教材原句] People were in shock—and then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.(P50)
人们惊呆了——接着,在那天下午晚些时候,另一场大地震再次震撼了唐山。【词块必记】(1)be a shock to ...　使……吃惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 (4) cultural shock 文化冲突
[名师点津]shock表示“吃惊;震惊;令人震惊的事情”时是可数名词,表示“(身心受到的)打击;震惊”和“休克”时是不可数名词。
1. Her mother's death came as a great shock - it was so unexpected.
她母亲的去世让人倍感震惊——简直太出乎意料了。
2. It was a shock to see her looking so ill.
看到她病得如此厉害，真让人震惊。
3. I was in (a state of) shock for about two weeks after the accident.
事故发生后，我有约两个星期都处于惊魂未定的状态。
4. For running on hard roads, you need shoes with extra cushioning to absorb (= reduce) the shock.
在坚硬的马路上跑步时，需要穿具有超强缓冲力的鞋子。
[单句语法填空](1)Everyone in the street ____________ (shock) when they heard the news.(2)________ (shock) by the explosion,people ran about in the street.(3)His not passing the final exam was a great shock________ his parents.(4)I was shocked ________ (hear) that our factory would have to close. (5)The great fire was _____ great shock to us all.
was shocked
Shocked
to
to hear
a
(6)We are _________ (shock) that so many people were injured or died in the Wenchuan earthquake.(7)I was shocked ________ (hear) that a large number of pangolins (穿山甲）were being killed for their medical value.(8)The news of his sudden death is so _______ that everyone is very much shocked at it.(shock)[完成句子](9)他们在过去的几年里取得了惊人的成就,令许多人震惊。____________________________________________________.
shocked
to hear
shocking
They have made amazing achievements in the past few years,shocking many people
6.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦[教材原句]Some were found alive,though they were suffering from terrible injuries,but others had already stopped breathing when they were discovered.(P51) 有些人被发现时还活着,虽然他们受了重伤,但其他人被发现时已经停止了呼吸。
【词块必记】(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏　　　suffer from 受……折磨；患……病(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事sufferer n. 受难者；患病者
1. I think he suffered a lot when his wife left him.
我想他妻子离开他时，他一定很痛苦。
2. She's been suffering from (= been ill with) cancer for two years.
她患癌症已经有两年了。
3. 25 policemen suffered minor injuries during the riots.
抗议事件中有25名警察受了轻伤。
4. Like a lot of his films, it suffers from being too long.
和他的其他很多电影一样，这部电影也是有点太长了。
[单句语法填空](1)Among obese children,about 30 percent also suffer ________high levels of blood sugar and fat.(2)The old man is said to have gone through varieties of ________ (suffer) during the war.(3)Shortly after________(suffer) from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins,the city took on a new look.(4)Relief food and clothing should be quickly sent to the ________ (suffer) from the great fire.
from
sufferings
suffering
sufferers
7. come to an end 结束；终结【词块必记】(1) at the end of　　在……尽头；在……末端by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用) in the end 最后；终于 be at an end 结束(2)put/bring ... to an end put an end to ... 使……结束come to an end 完成；结束(3) make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出(4) end up with 以……结束 end up doing 最终在做某事
【拓展练习】1.At first she refused to admit her mistake , but she ended up ___________ (apologize) to the public．There was no doubt that her acting career ___________________( 即将结束）.2.When our day’s work was ________________, everybody felt tired and hungry.当一天工作结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。3._________________________________ we had sold over 2000 tickets. 到本周末为止，我们已经售完2000张票。4.He tried many times to pass the exam and _____________ he succeeded.他尝试了许多次，最后终于成功通过了。
apologizing
was coming to an end
at an end
By the end of this weekend
in the end
8. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟；毁灭[教材原句] In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.(P50) 不到一分钟,一座大城市化为了废墟。【词块必记】(1)ruin oneself自我毁灭ruin one’s hope/chance/fame/future毁坏某人的希望/机会/名誉/未来(2)in ruins严重受损;破败不堪be/lie in ruins成为废墟;毁灭 fall into ruins成为废墟bring...to ruin使……毁灭;使……没落
　(单句语法填空)1.Shortly after suffering from an earthquake and being reduced to ______ (ruin), the city took on a new look.2.The whole town ___________ (ruin) by the terrible hurricane last night.
3.Having gone through two world wars, the castle has fallen______ ruin.经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。
ruins
was ruined
into
1. Her injury ruined her chances of winning the race.
她受了伤，毁掉了赢得比赛的机会。
2. The car accident meant the ruin of all her hopes.
这场撞车事故使她的一切希望都彻底破灭了。
3. They let the palace fall into ruin.
他们听任那座宫殿沦为一片废墟。
4. Cheap imported goods are ruining many businesses.
廉价的进口商品使众多公司正走向破产。
[完成句子](4)地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。The whole city ___________ after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.(5)我们的假期被台风给毁了。Our vacation ____________ by the typhoon.(6)宫殿被彻底摧毁了,而不是轻微受损,无法修复,留下的只是废墟。The palace was destroyed completely rather than was slightly damaged,which can’t be repaired,_________________.
lay in ruins
was ruined
leaving only ruins
9. as if似乎;好像;仿佛It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临！【考点必记】(1)as if表示“仿佛,好像”,在句中引导表语从句,其意义和用法与as though相同。常跟在特定动词后面,如seem、look、taste、sound、feel等。(2)as if引导方式状语从句时,常置于行为动词之后。
[名师点津]如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
(3)as if/as though引导从句的语气:①当从句所表达的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性比较大时,as if引导的从句要用陈述语气。①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move.快点！看起来好像火车要开了。②当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用would/could/might do
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it 打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你对我说好像是我打破的似的？
单句语法填空①He described the characters in the novel as if he _______(meet) them face to face. ②Eliza remembers everything exactly as if _________________________(好像发生在昨天). ③It seemed as if they _______________________(决不会有) the chance of working again. ④He opened his mouth as if____________ (say) something.⑤The child talks to us as if he ______(be) a grown up.
had met
it happened yesterday
were never going to have
to say
were
⑥He talks big _______________________________. 他夸夸其谈，好像什么都知道似的。⑦Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I ________(be) there. 玛丽对晚会的描述很生动, 以至于我感觉好像我在那里一样。⑧Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks ____________________________. 看看天上的云彩！看起来要下雨。
as if he knew everything
had been
as if it is going to rain
10.句型：be doing sth. when... 正在做某事，这时(突然)……(教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然水开始涌入家中。be about to do...when...　　　　　　正要做……这时(突然)……be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……这时(突然)……had just done...when... 刚做完……这时(突然)……
单句语法填空1.She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to play the piano.2.I was about to give up ________ my best friend encouraged me to go on.[完成句子]3.约翰正在房间里学习,突然听到了一声尖叫。 John _____________ in his room ______ he heard a scream.4.我正要放弃,这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。I ____________________________ my best friend encouraged me to go on.
when
when
was studying
when
was on the point of giving up when
5.她刚刚做完作业,妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。She _____________________________ her mother asked her to practise playing the piano.
6.[浙江卷，写作]上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。Last Monday, I____________________________ I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.
had just finished her homework when
was walking in the street when