2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类--专题十七 阅读表达(含答案与解析)
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| 名称 | 2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类--专题十七 阅读表达(含答案与解析) |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类
第三部分 写作
专题十七 阅读表达
Passage 1(2017天津夏)
In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream, “I hate you!”Dad would yell back, “Good!I don't care!”Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said, “Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car.I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected,I got a roasting, but I now understand why I needed discipline.
Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn't until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections.Working in such a competitive industry, I've sometimes thought, “I can't do this any more.”
Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle's music and trying to find myself again.Dad sat me down and said, “Alice, I know it's hard, but it's all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love.We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people.If it weren't for Dad, I wouldn't be where I am today.He's my biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.
1.What rules did Alice's father set for her when she was growing up (no more than 15 words)
2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean (no more than 5 words)
3.What did Alice's father do when she felt depressed (no more than 5 words)
4.According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common (no more than 10 words)
5.What do you think of Alice's father Please explain.(no more than 20 words)
答案
1.She should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol.
Or:Making her bed,doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.
2.I got/was criticised/scolded.
3.He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.
4.They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.
5.He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.
Or:He is always supportive/a source of strength.Whenever she is in trouble, he is there for her.
Passage 2(2017天津春)
Walter was always sitting in the same chair when I came to visit.He would look up and smile when he saw me and pat the chair next to him for me to sit down.He loved to tell me about his lost golden years when he was an excellent baseball player.I was a good listener.After a couple of hours of talking, I would shake his hand and say goodbye to him.I hoped that I brought a little sunshine into Walter's life.
I met Walter when I was a high school student participating in a volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home.It was the first of many such activities, ranging from playing with disabled children to sitting with cancer patients in a hospital.These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others.
My parents inculcated me with a belief that there was no greater human value than kindness, and encouraged me to make helping others and contributing to society important goals in life.Volunteer work provided a way of attempting to realize the truth of these messages.
I learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act of helping someone less fortunate.Involvement in the life of another person has enriched my life as well.Seeing how people deal with the challenges of their lives has taught me valuable lessons in courage and dignity.Many of the people whom I have met as a volunteer are an unforgettable part of my life.Perhaps I received far more than I ever gave.
This is why volunteerism works—each of us has so much need for human connection and so much to give to others.
1.What did the author do every time he visited Walter (no more than 10 words)
2.What was the first activity the author got involved in as a volunteer (no more than 10 words)
3.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3 (1 word)
4.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4 (no more than 10 words)
5.If you are to be a volunteer, what will you do What can you benefit from the volunteer work (no more than 20 words)
答案
1.He listened to Walter talking about his lost golden years.
Or:He acted as Walter's listener.
2.Visiting elderly/old people in a nursing home.
Or:He visited elderly/old people in a nursing home.
Or:A volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home.
3.Taught/Instructed/Educated.
4.The author learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act.
Or:The author learned that volunteerism is a two-way act.
Or:The author has benefited a lot from volunteerism/his volunteer work.
5.I will look after elderly people in a nursing home.I can learn a lot from their past experience.
Or:I will help disabled children.It can satisfy my desire to be useful.
Or:I will sit with cancer patients.I can learn to deal with the challenges of life.
Or:I will be a volunteer to protect the environment.We can live in a better and cleaner world.
Or:I will be a volunteer in an important event.It can broaden my horizons.
Passage 3(2016天津)
I m a 34-year-old man, married, live in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words.I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土).Here I learned my first important lesson:disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.
I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasn t a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate.
Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.
1.What made the author s school days difficult (No more than 5 words)
2.Why did art give the author confidence (No more than 10 words)
3.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing (No more than 15 words)
4.What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4 (No more than 5 words)
5.How does the author s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life Put it in your own words.(No more than 20 words)
答案
1.(His) Learning disability. Or:Having a learning disability. Or:That he was learning disabled. Or:He had a learning disability.
根据第一段第三句话可知答案。
2.He could be smart and express himself with clay.
Or:Art could help him express himself without words.
Or:He could well express himself with clay/art.
根据第二段第四句话可知答案。
3.If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it.
Or:The more you practice something, the better at it you will become.Or:Practice makes perfect. Or:Practice leads to success.
根据第三段可知,如果你喜欢一件事情,不断练习之后,你就会更加擅长这件事。
4.I could read and write.
根据第四段可知,作者想要利用之前学习艺术与攀岩的经验来学习读写。经过两年的刻苦努力,我终于变得literate,即我学会了读写。
5.We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.
Or:The author s story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overcome difficulties in my life.
Or:We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and determination.
根据全文可知,作者有读写障碍,但通过学习艺术、攀岩得到了自信和毅力,进而克服了读写障碍。因此,面对困境,我们需要自信和决心才能取得成功。
Passage 4(2015天津)
Six days a week,up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia,my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there.At age 68,he retired from the post office,but he never stopped serving the community.
On his 80th birthday,I sent him a letter,noting the things we all should be thankful for—good health,good friends and good outcomes.By most measurements he was a happy man.Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.At long last,in a comfortable home,with a generous pension,he should learn to take things easy.
“Thank you for your nice words,”he wrote in his letter back,“and I know what you meant,but slowing down scares me.Life isn t having it made;it s getting it made.”
“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid,and all difficult experiences had passed,and we had settled into a comfortable home.No.I go back years ago,when we lived in a three-room house,when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet.I rarely had more than four hours of sleep.But what I still can t figure out is why I never got tired,never felt better in my life.I guess the answer is,we were fighting for survival,protecting and providing for those we loved.What matters are not the great moments,but the partial victories,the waiting,and even the defeats.It s the journey,not the arrival,that counts.”
The letter ended with a personal request:“Boy,on my next birthday,just tell me to wake up and get going,because I will have one less year to do things—and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”
Christina Rossetti,an English poet,once said:“Does the road wind uphill all the way Yes,to the very end.”Today,at 96,my grandfather is still on that long road,climbing.
1.What was the author s grandfather before he retired (no more than 5 words)
2.What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter (no more than 10 words)
3.What is the grandfather s view on life according to his letter back (no more than 10 words)
4.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph (no more than 10 words)
5.Do you agree with the grandfather s view on life Give reasons in your own words.(no more than 20 words)
答案
[语篇解读] “我”爷爷退休后仍然给社区寄送邮件,这样的生活一直持续着。在他80岁生日时“我”给他写了一封信,信中建议他把生活节奏放慢。可是爷爷的回信让“我”明白了人生最有意义的事不是我们到达了目的地,而是去往目的地的过程。
1.He was a postman. 根据第一段中的he retired from the post office可知作者的爷爷在退休前在邮局工作。
2.He advised him to slow down(and take things easy)./He advised he/his grandfather(should)slow down. 根据第二段中的Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.可知作者建议爷爷该把生活节奏放慢。
3.The process is more important than the result.
Or:A man should not slow down however old he is.
Or:It s the journey,not the arrival,that counts.
第四段中,爷爷在回信中介绍了他对生活的理解和观点,最后一句为结论:It s the journey,not the arrival,that counts.
[评析] 这道题需要对爷爷在信中说的话进行分析和充分理解,从中提炼出他生活观的精髓,结合文章中的句子运用合理句式进行回答。
4.My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things.
Or:The grandfather is still living an active life.
Or:The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.
画线句子的意思是:我爷爷仍然在那条长长的路上攀登着。结合上文“爷爷退休后还继续为社区服务”可以推断出:我爷爷仍然在忙碌地做着那些有意义的事情。
5.Yes.One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.
Or:Yes.People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful.
No.It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age.
Or:No.Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.
同意这种生活观点的,需从爷爷的身上和话语中提炼出答案,运用正确的句式表达出来。不同意这种观点的,需根据自己对生活的理解,运用正确的句式把自己的观点表达出来。
Passage 5(2014天津)
Last December,Doris Low turned 90.Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind(CNIB)in Toronto,where she helps transform literature into braille(盲文)to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years.
After working in the business world for a while,Low got fed up.So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.
Low s mother liked reading.As her eyes began to fail,Low read to her.Then “hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn braille,I decided to give it a try.”In 1973,she was certified as a braille transcriber(转译者)and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.
The job was strenuous—she could get to the end of a page,make a mistake on the last line,and have to do the whole thing again.For a number of years,Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape.Three years ago,she took up proofreading(校对)at the CNIB s word factory.
In April,during Volunteer Week,the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions.Thanks to volunteers like Low,the CNIB library has got more than 80,000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print.“I can t imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from Doris contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years—and she is still doing so,”said a CNIB official.
“For me,”said Low,“the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer.Three things matter most in my life:a little play,a little work,a little love.I ve found them all here.”
1.What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB (no more than 10 words)
2.Why did Low learn braille (no more than 15 words)
3.What does the underlined word “strenuous”most probably mean (1 word)
4.What are Low s contributions to the CNIB (no more than 15 words)
5.What do you think of Low Give your reasons.(no more than 20 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文,题材为个人情况和情感。本文讲述了90岁高龄的Doris Low 40年来坚持不懈地把文学著作翻译成盲文,用故事和知识给盲人带去了力量。
1.She helps transform literature into braille(for blind readers/the blind). 原文第一段第二句为提示处。
2.(Because) her mother s eyes began to fail and she heard an/the advertisement. 原文第三段第二句为提示处。
3.Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough. 画线词后面的句子是对该词的解释,即她能够坚持到最后一页,当在最后一行出错的时候,她还得从头开始。由此可推测strenuous意为“艰难的”。
4.She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books,and read books onto tape. 原文第五段最后一句为提示处。
5.Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into braille as a volunteer. Or:Low is a kind-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping others. 从文章第一段信息...where she helps transform literature into braille...和最后一句She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years.可以推测出,Low是一个非常善良而又乐于助人的人,是生活积极向上、乐观豁达的一位女士。
Passage 6(2013天津)
My name is Clara.I still remember that chilly December day,sitting in science class.I d finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine.A piece of news caught my eye:NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it,a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind:Curiosity.
I couldn t wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay.That afternoon,I raced home,sat down at the computer,and typed until my fingers ached.“Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone s mind...”
Five months later,my mom received a phone call,and immediately,a wide smile spread across her face.
On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m.,the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars,and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.
Curiosity is such an important part of who I am.I have always been fascinated by the stars,the planets,the sky and the universe.I remember as a little girl,my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours.She d tell me stories and point out the stars.Grandma lived in China,thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas,but the stars kept us together even when we were apart.They were always there,yet there was so much I didn t know about them.That s what I love so much about space.
People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars.My answer is simple:because we re curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what s over the hill and beyond the horizon.
1.How did Clara get the news about the essay contest (no more than 10 words)
2.Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA (no more than 10 words)
3.What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma (no more than 15 words)
4.What does the underlined phrase“hole up”mean (1 word)
5.In your opinion,why is curiosity important (no more than 20 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为夹叙夹议文,题材为人物故事类。作者通过自己参加征文活动获奖的经历,说明好奇心的重要性。
1.By reading a TIME for Kids magazine.
Or:From a TIME for Kids magazine.
原文信息在第一段第三句。
2.She won the essay contest held by NASA.
Or:She named the Mars rover “Curiosity”.
Or:“Curiosity”was chosen as the name of the Mars rover.
根据第一段及第四段内容可知,美国航空航天局举办了为火星探测器命名的竞赛,作者的“好奇号”被采用,因此她有幸获得了坐在前排的机会。
3.She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about the stars./Her grandma told her stories about the stars./They sat together talking about the stars.
原文信息在倒数第二段第三、四两句。
4.Stay/Remain/Live/Hide.
根据文章最后一句可知,人类总是不断地探索未知领域。由此推断出答案。
5.Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or invention./With curiosity,we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown./Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge. 全文围绕好奇心展开叙述,正是出于好奇,人类才对未知领域不断地提出疑问,从而进行探索和发现。
Passage 7 (2014江西)
[1]A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept.They are mainly located in east or central Africa.They often occupy a very wide area,with mountains and rivers.To visit the park and look at the animals,people have to drive around in a car for a few hours because the park is huge.
[2]In South Africa there is a safari park,which contains all sorts of wild animals like lions,elephants,rhinoceroses(犀牛),zebras,wild pigs,deer and giraffes.
[3]There is a wide road leading through the park,but nobody is permitted to walk on the road.Anyone traveling in the park has to go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people.From the car he may see almost every type of African wildlife.Some of these are getting scarce(稀有的)because people kill them for various reasons.For example,rhinoceroses are killed for their horns(角),which are used in traditional Chinese medicines for colds and headaches.Perhaps they will be seen only in museums and books one day.
[4]Travelers may purchase food for the animals.They can feed them when they tour the park.Of course,they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people.In addition,they should only give proper food to the animals.
[5]A traveler may carry a gun with him in his journey.The gun is given to him by the government.However,it is not used for hunting.In fact,a seal is fixed to it.The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked.However,he has to prove to the government that he has been attacked and that he has not fired at a harmless animal.
1.List one of the reasons why travelers have to stay in a car during their visit.(no more than 6 words)
2.Why are rhinoceroses getting scarce (no more than 7 words)
3.What warnings are given to travelers when they feed the animals (no more than 15 words)
4.How does the government know the gun is fired (no more than 10 words)
5.What is the passage mainly about (no more than 6 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。本文通过对南非一家野生动物园的介绍,让读者了解到,作为这里的旅行者,应该注意些什么。
1.The park is huge.或Animals may attack people. 从第一段的...people have to drive around in a car for a few hours because the park is huge.和第三段的...go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people.可知。
2.People kill them for their horns. 从第三段的Some of these are getting scarce(稀有的)because people kill them for various reasons.For example,rhinoceroses are killed for their horns...可知答案。
3.Staying away from the animals and giving them proper food. 从第四段的Of course,they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people.In addition,they should only give proper food to the animals.可知,人们给动物喂食时,不应离得太近;同时,应该喂它们合适的食物。
4.By checking the seal. 根据第五段的However,it is not used for hunting.In fact,a seal is fixed to it.可知,政府通过检查封条来辨别。
5.A safari park in South Africa. 纵观全文可知,这篇文章主要是介绍南非的一家野生动物园。
Passage 8(2014湖南)
Kids and Ponds
Years ago there was a group of kids who would hang around at some local ponds in the woods near their houses in Warwick,Rhode Island.In summer they caught frogs and fish.When winter arrived they couldn t wait to go skating.Time passed,and the ponds became the only open space for the kids to enjoy themselves in that neighborhood.
One day,a thirteen-year-old boy from this group of kids read in the local newspaper that a developer wanted to fill in the ponds and build over a hundred small houses called condominiums.So the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures(签名)to stop the development.A group of citizens met and decided to support him.
At the meeting of the town planning board(委员会),the boy was quite nervous at first and spoke very softly.But when he saw the faces of his friends and neighbors in the crowd and thought about what was happening to their favorite ponds,his voice grew louder.He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens.He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children.A few days later,the developer stopped his plan.
Nine years later,when that teen was a senior in college,he was informed that the developer was back with his proposal to build condominiums.Now twenty-two years old,he was studying wetlands ecology.He again appeared before the town planning board.This time as an expert witness,he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development.Finally some condominiums were built,but less than half the number the developer wanted.The ponds where those kids used to hang around were protected by a strip of natural land,and are still there today.
1.What did the kids like to do at the local ponds in winter (No more than 6 words)
2.How did the boy win the citizens support (No more than 10 words)
3.What did the boy tell the town officials (No more than 16 words)
4.What helped the boy to protect the ponds successfully nine years later (No more than 12 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文属于记叙文,题材为环境保护类。本文对一个孩子为当地池塘保护所做的努力做了介绍。
1.They liked to go skating. 根据第一段的they couldn t wait to go skating可知答案。
2.He went door to door and gathered their signatures. 根据第二段的倒数第二句可知答案。
3.He told them they should speak for the citizens and leave enough space for children.根据第三段的He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens.He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children.可知答案。
4.Environmental protection laws and the knowledge of wetlands ecology helped him. 根据最后一段的he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development可知答案。
Passage 9(2013湖南)
“Let s Talk”:The Free Advice Project
A few weeks ago,I took a walk around Washington Square Park.I met all the usual people:street performers,the Pigeon Guy,a group of guitarists singing in harmony.But off to the side,sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.
A week or two later,I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.
Lisa Podell,32,started the Free Advice Project this past May.It began as an experiment;she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people.Podell was astonished at the strong response.
Podell admits that she was doubtful at first,but now she describes the project as mutually(相互地)beneficial.People learn from her—but she also learns from them.She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues,and they expect her not only to listen,but also to provide real answers.
Having worked as a full-time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor,Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decision-making process.
Sometimes,people walk around all day,keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way.Podell simply tries to provide people with perspective.
I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project.Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York,which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.
It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart,especially in New York—where it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen.
1.In what way was Podell different from other people in the park
(No more than 6 words)
2.What do people in need expect Podell to do (No more than 10 words)
3.According to Podell,what should people do when making decisions (No more than 6 words)
4.How would Podell promote her project in New York (No more than 15 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。本文对Podell和她的Free Advice Project的一些情况做了介绍。
1.She was giving free advice. 根据第一段中的...sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.可知答案。
2.They expect her to listen and provide real answers. 根据第四段中的She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues,and they expect her not only to listen,but also to provide real answers.可知答案。
3.They should talk things out. 根据第五段中的...Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decision-making process.可知答案。
4.She would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers. 根据第七段中的Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York,which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.可知答案。
Passage 10(2013山东)
[1]Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis,Minnesota.He became a millionaire when he was only 24.His father was wealthy,but he did not help his son.Getty made his millions alone.He made his money from oil.He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies.The Fortune magazine once called Getty“the richest man in the world.”
[2]But money .He married five times and divorced five times.He had five children but spent little time with them.None of Getty s children had very happy lives.
[3]Getty loved to make money and loved to save it.In spite of his great wealth,Getty was a miser.Every evening,he wrote down every cent he spent that day.He even put pay telephones in the guests bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.
[4]In 1973,kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson,and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return.Getty s son asked his father for money to save his child.But Getty refused.The kidnappers were merciless and Getty s son made repeated requests for help from his father.Finally,Getty agreed to lend the money,but at 4 percent interest.
[5]Getty started a museum at his home in Malibu,California.He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum.When Getty died in 1976,the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion.He left all his money to the museum.After his death,the museum grew in size.Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States.Getty made a large fortune in his life,but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.
1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1 (no more than 8 words)
2.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 7 words)
3.Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3.
4.What did the kidnappers do to Getty s family (no more than 10 words)
5.What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph (no more than 10 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。文章介绍了20世纪美国石油大亨Getty的奋斗历程以及他的性格喜好。
1.Getty was a self-made millionaire./Getty became rich through his own efforts. 根据第一段中的Getty made his millions alone.可知,第一段的主题是:Getty靠着自己的努力成了百万富翁。
2.did not buy happiness for Getty 根据该段对他家庭生活的描述可知,金钱并没有给他带来幸福。
3.Although he was very rich,Getty hated to spend money. 根据后面的描述可知,画线句子是表达:尽管他很有钱,但却是一个守财奴。
4.They took Getty s grandson and asked for money. 根据第四段可知答案。
5.Getty made a great contribution to the art world./Getty had another side. 他花巨资建了一个博物馆,里面收藏的艺术品价值10亿美元,所以说他对艺术界做出了重大贡献。
Passage 11(2012湖南)
A wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to experience a not-so-fun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry.
Now I still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago.I wanted to save up money and buy my own car,so I applied everywhere I could that summer.The restaurant called me right away and I thought to myself,this is going to be easy.Within four hours of my first shift(轮班),I had angry customers who complained how slow I was.I watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere,and I heard the words that no 16-year-old boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear:“Mike,there s a problem in the men s bathroom and you might want gloves for this one.”I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic.The manager expected a clean environment and,particularly,fast service with a friendly smile.
Over three years later I still work at that restaurant whenever I go home during vacations.I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am.Every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees.They chat with us workers and joke around.Our smiles have just as much to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does.
From my first job at the restaurant,I learned teamwork and devotion.I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get.I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life.
1.Why did the author apply everywhere that summer (No more than 12 words)
2.What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do (No more than 14 words)
3.Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations (No more than 13 words)
4.What did the author learn from his first job (No more than 11 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为夹叙夹议文,作者通过在一家饭店首次工作的经历告诉我们他学到了很多。
1.He wanted to save up money and buy his own car. 根据第二段第二句可知,“我想攒钱买自己的车,所以那年夏天我到处申请工作”。
2.The manager particularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile. 根据第二段最后一句可知,经理希望他们提供干净的环境,特别是面带着友好微笑的快捷服务。
3.He loves his co-workers and all the customers know who he is.
根据第三段中I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am.可知答案。
4.He learned teamwork,devotion,and staying positive in rough situations. 根据最后一段的内容,经过对信息的处理、组织和转换,可以得出正确答案。
Passage 12(2011湖南)
My First Long Run
Two weeks ago,I had a quarrel with my husband.After he had driven off in anger,I realized that I wasn t going to feel any better just sitting there.Feeling abandoned and guilty,I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.
Our driveway has a slope(斜坡)that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy,taking advantage of gravity.Instead of stopping at the end of the slope,I decided to see if I could just jog to the end of the street.I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably.Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter,but still very lazy.However,this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further.
After about one kilometer,however,I noticed that my upper body was tense.To make the movement easier I had to relax my body,and tried to take deep breaths of fresh air.
I kept giving myself the excuse to stop.No one would be disappointed.No one would even know.But I didn t stop.I wanted to keep going harder,better,faster,stronger.To my great surprise,I ran 4.9 km in 31 minutes.When I got back,I had tears in my eyes.I did something I thought I could never do.
It was the first long run of my life.Since then,I have improved my stride(步幅)and time.After every run I feel fitter,happier and motivated to keep progressing.I love the runner s high.I normally jog because I want to look good.I want to run because it makes me feel good.
1.Why did the author feel guilty (No more than 9 words)
2.What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago (No more than 11 words)
3.What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop (No more than 9 words)
4.How is running different from jogging to the author (No more than 14 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 第一次长跑的经历给了作者自信,从此作者不再烦恼,不断进取,过上了健康、阳光和快乐的生活。
1.She had a quarrel with her husband. 根据第一段可知,她感到内疚的原因是和丈夫吵架了。经过对信息的转述,可以得出正确答案。
2.She failed to jog to the end of the street. 根据第二段的第二句和第三句可知,她几个月前没能成功地慢跑到街道的尽头。经过对信息的再组织和转述,可以得出正确答案。
3.No one would be disappointed or even know. 根据第四段的前三句可知,她不断地给自己找借口停下来。经过对信息的再组织,可以得出正确答案。
4.Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good.
根据最后一段最后两句,经过对信息的处理、再组织和转述,可以得出正确答案。
2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类
第三部分 写作
专题十七 阅读表达
Passage 1(2017天津夏)
In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me.He made sure I made my bed and did my homework.He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party.I got so angry with him for laying down the law.I would scream, “I hate you!”Dad would yell back, “Good!I don't care!”Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick.I said, “Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car.I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised.As expected,I got a roasting, but I now understand why I needed discipline.
Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films.I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn't until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections.Working in such a competitive industry, I've sometimes thought, “I can't do this any more.”
Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle's music and trying to find myself again.Dad sat me down and said, “Alice, I know it's hard, but it's all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love.We are both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people.If it weren't for Dad, I wouldn't be where I am today.He's my biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.
1.What rules did Alice's father set for her when she was growing up (no more than 15 words)
2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean (no more than 5 words)
3.What did Alice's father do when she felt depressed (no more than 5 words)
4.According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common (no more than 10 words)
5.What do you think of Alice's father Please explain.(no more than 20 words)
答案
1.She should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol.
Or:Making her bed,doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.
2.I got/was criticised/scolded.
3.He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.
4.They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.
5.He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.
Or:He is always supportive/a source of strength.Whenever she is in trouble, he is there for her.
Passage 2(2017天津春)
Walter was always sitting in the same chair when I came to visit.He would look up and smile when he saw me and pat the chair next to him for me to sit down.He loved to tell me about his lost golden years when he was an excellent baseball player.I was a good listener.After a couple of hours of talking, I would shake his hand and say goodbye to him.I hoped that I brought a little sunshine into Walter's life.
I met Walter when I was a high school student participating in a volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home.It was the first of many such activities, ranging from playing with disabled children to sitting with cancer patients in a hospital.These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others.
My parents inculcated me with a belief that there was no greater human value than kindness, and encouraged me to make helping others and contributing to society important goals in life.Volunteer work provided a way of attempting to realize the truth of these messages.
I learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act of helping someone less fortunate.Involvement in the life of another person has enriched my life as well.Seeing how people deal with the challenges of their lives has taught me valuable lessons in courage and dignity.Many of the people whom I have met as a volunteer are an unforgettable part of my life.Perhaps I received far more than I ever gave.
This is why volunteerism works—each of us has so much need for human connection and so much to give to others.
1.What did the author do every time he visited Walter (no more than 10 words)
2.What was the first activity the author got involved in as a volunteer (no more than 10 words)
3.What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3 (1 word)
4.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4 (no more than 10 words)
5.If you are to be a volunteer, what will you do What can you benefit from the volunteer work (no more than 20 words)
答案
1.He listened to Walter talking about his lost golden years.
Or:He acted as Walter's listener.
2.Visiting elderly/old people in a nursing home.
Or:He visited elderly/old people in a nursing home.
Or:A volunteer program with elderly people in a nursing home.
3.Taught/Instructed/Educated.
4.The author learned that volunteerism is not a one-way act.
Or:The author learned that volunteerism is a two-way act.
Or:The author has benefited a lot from volunteerism/his volunteer work.
5.I will look after elderly people in a nursing home.I can learn a lot from their past experience.
Or:I will help disabled children.It can satisfy my desire to be useful.
Or:I will sit with cancer patients.I can learn to deal with the challenges of life.
Or:I will be a volunteer to protect the environment.We can live in a better and cleaner world.
Or:I will be a volunteer in an important event.It can broaden my horizons.
Passage 3(2016天津)
I m a 34-year-old man, married, live in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words.I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土).Here I learned my first important lesson:disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.
I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasn t a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate.
Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.
1.What made the author s school days difficult (No more than 5 words)
2.Why did art give the author confidence (No more than 10 words)
3.What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing (No more than 15 words)
4.What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4 (No more than 5 words)
5.How does the author s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life Put it in your own words.(No more than 20 words)
答案
1.(His) Learning disability. Or:Having a learning disability. Or:That he was learning disabled. Or:He had a learning disability.
根据第一段第三句话可知答案。
2.He could be smart and express himself with clay.
Or:Art could help him express himself without words.
Or:He could well express himself with clay/art.
根据第二段第四句话可知答案。
3.If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get better at it.
Or:The more you practice something, the better at it you will become.Or:Practice makes perfect. Or:Practice leads to success.
根据第三段可知,如果你喜欢一件事情,不断练习之后,你就会更加擅长这件事。
4.I could read and write.
根据第四段可知,作者想要利用之前学习艺术与攀岩的经验来学习读写。经过两年的刻苦努力,我终于变得literate,即我学会了读写。
5.We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard, we will find a way out.
Or:The author s story tells me that I should be confident and practice hard to overcome difficulties in my life.
Or:We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and determination.
根据全文可知,作者有读写障碍,但通过学习艺术、攀岩得到了自信和毅力,进而克服了读写障碍。因此,面对困境,我们需要自信和决心才能取得成功。
Passage 4(2015天津)
Six days a week,up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia,my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there.At age 68,he retired from the post office,but he never stopped serving the community.
On his 80th birthday,I sent him a letter,noting the things we all should be thankful for—good health,good friends and good outcomes.By most measurements he was a happy man.Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.At long last,in a comfortable home,with a generous pension,he should learn to take things easy.
“Thank you for your nice words,”he wrote in his letter back,“and I know what you meant,but slowing down scares me.Life isn t having it made;it s getting it made.”
“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid,and all difficult experiences had passed,and we had settled into a comfortable home.No.I go back years ago,when we lived in a three-room house,when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet.I rarely had more than four hours of sleep.But what I still can t figure out is why I never got tired,never felt better in my life.I guess the answer is,we were fighting for survival,protecting and providing for those we loved.What matters are not the great moments,but the partial victories,the waiting,and even the defeats.It s the journey,not the arrival,that counts.”
The letter ended with a personal request:“Boy,on my next birthday,just tell me to wake up and get going,because I will have one less year to do things—and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”
Christina Rossetti,an English poet,once said:“Does the road wind uphill all the way Yes,to the very end.”Today,at 96,my grandfather is still on that long road,climbing.
1.What was the author s grandfather before he retired (no more than 5 words)
2.What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter (no more than 10 words)
3.What is the grandfather s view on life according to his letter back (no more than 10 words)
4.How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph (no more than 10 words)
5.Do you agree with the grandfather s view on life Give reasons in your own words.(no more than 20 words)
答案
[语篇解读] “我”爷爷退休后仍然给社区寄送邮件,这样的生活一直持续着。在他80岁生日时“我”给他写了一封信,信中建议他把生活节奏放慢。可是爷爷的回信让“我”明白了人生最有意义的事不是我们到达了目的地,而是去往目的地的过程。
1.He was a postman. 根据第一段中的he retired from the post office可知作者的爷爷在退休前在邮局工作。
2.He advised him to slow down(and take things easy)./He advised he/his grandfather(should)slow down. 根据第二段中的Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down.可知作者建议爷爷该把生活节奏放慢。
3.The process is more important than the result.
Or:A man should not slow down however old he is.
Or:It s the journey,not the arrival,that counts.
第四段中,爷爷在回信中介绍了他对生活的理解和观点,最后一句为结论:It s the journey,not the arrival,that counts.
[评析] 这道题需要对爷爷在信中说的话进行分析和充分理解,从中提炼出他生活观的精髓,结合文章中的句子运用合理句式进行回答。
4.My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things.
Or:The grandfather is still living an active life.
Or:The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.
画线句子的意思是:我爷爷仍然在那条长长的路上攀登着。结合上文“爷爷退休后还继续为社区服务”可以推断出:我爷爷仍然在忙碌地做着那些有意义的事情。
5.Yes.One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.
Or:Yes.People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful.
No.It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age.
Or:No.Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.
同意这种生活观点的,需从爷爷的身上和话语中提炼出答案,运用正确的句式表达出来。不同意这种观点的,需根据自己对生活的理解,运用正确的句式把自己的观点表达出来。
Passage 5(2014天津)
Last December,Doris Low turned 90.Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind(CNIB)in Toronto,where she helps transform literature into braille(盲文)to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years.
After working in the business world for a while,Low got fed up.So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.
Low s mother liked reading.As her eyes began to fail,Low read to her.Then “hearing an advertisement encouraging people to learn braille,I decided to give it a try.”In 1973,she was certified as a braille transcriber(转译者)and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.
The job was strenuous—she could get to the end of a page,make a mistake on the last line,and have to do the whole thing again.For a number of years,Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape.Three years ago,she took up proofreading(校对)at the CNIB s word factory.
In April,during Volunteer Week,the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions.Thanks to volunteers like Low,the CNIB library has got more than 80,000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print.“I can t imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from Doris contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread over the years—and she is still doing so,”said a CNIB official.
“For me,”said Low,“the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer.Three things matter most in my life:a little play,a little work,a little love.I ve found them all here.”
1.What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB (no more than 10 words)
2.Why did Low learn braille (no more than 15 words)
3.What does the underlined word “strenuous”most probably mean (1 word)
4.What are Low s contributions to the CNIB (no more than 15 words)
5.What do you think of Low Give your reasons.(no more than 20 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文,题材为个人情况和情感。本文讲述了90岁高龄的Doris Low 40年来坚持不懈地把文学著作翻译成盲文,用故事和知识给盲人带去了力量。
1.She helps transform literature into braille(for blind readers/the blind). 原文第一段第二句为提示处。
2.(Because) her mother s eyes began to fail and she heard an/the advertisement. 原文第三段第二句为提示处。
3.Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough. 画线词后面的句子是对该词的解释,即她能够坚持到最后一页,当在最后一行出错的时候,她还得从头开始。由此可推测strenuous意为“艰难的”。
4.She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books,and read books onto tape. 原文第五段最后一句为提示处。
5.Low is kind and helpful because she has devoted much time to transcribing books into braille as a volunteer. Or:Low is a kind-hearted lady with a positive attitude toward life because she takes delight in helping others. 从文章第一段信息...where she helps transform literature into braille...和最后一句She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years.可以推测出,Low是一个非常善良而又乐于助人的人,是生活积极向上、乐观豁达的一位女士。
Passage 6(2013天津)
My name is Clara.I still remember that chilly December day,sitting in science class.I d finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine.A piece of news caught my eye:NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it,a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind:Curiosity.
I couldn t wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay.That afternoon,I raced home,sat down at the computer,and typed until my fingers ached.“Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone s mind...”
Five months later,my mom received a phone call,and immediately,a wide smile spread across her face.
On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m.,the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars,and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.
Curiosity is such an important part of who I am.I have always been fascinated by the stars,the planets,the sky and the universe.I remember as a little girl,my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours.She d tell me stories and point out the stars.Grandma lived in China,thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas,but the stars kept us together even when we were apart.They were always there,yet there was so much I didn t know about them.That s what I love so much about space.
People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars.My answer is simple:because we re curious.We human beings do not just hole up in one place.We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what s over the hill and beyond the horizon.
1.How did Clara get the news about the essay contest (no more than 10 words)
2.Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA (no more than 10 words)
3.What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma (no more than 15 words)
4.What does the underlined phrase“hole up”mean (1 word)
5.In your opinion,why is curiosity important (no more than 20 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为夹叙夹议文,题材为人物故事类。作者通过自己参加征文活动获奖的经历,说明好奇心的重要性。
1.By reading a TIME for Kids magazine.
Or:From a TIME for Kids magazine.
原文信息在第一段第三句。
2.She won the essay contest held by NASA.
Or:She named the Mars rover “Curiosity”.
Or:“Curiosity”was chosen as the name of the Mars rover.
根据第一段及第四段内容可知,美国航空航天局举办了为火星探测器命名的竞赛,作者的“好奇号”被采用,因此她有幸获得了坐在前排的机会。
3.She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about the stars./Her grandma told her stories about the stars./They sat together talking about the stars.
原文信息在倒数第二段第三、四两句。
4.Stay/Remain/Live/Hide.
根据文章最后一句可知,人类总是不断地探索未知领域。由此推断出答案。
5.Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or invention./With curiosity,we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown./Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge. 全文围绕好奇心展开叙述,正是出于好奇,人类才对未知领域不断地提出疑问,从而进行探索和发现。
Passage 7 (2014江西)
[1]A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept.They are mainly located in east or central Africa.They often occupy a very wide area,with mountains and rivers.To visit the park and look at the animals,people have to drive around in a car for a few hours because the park is huge.
[2]In South Africa there is a safari park,which contains all sorts of wild animals like lions,elephants,rhinoceroses(犀牛),zebras,wild pigs,deer and giraffes.
[3]There is a wide road leading through the park,but nobody is permitted to walk on the road.Anyone traveling in the park has to go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people.From the car he may see almost every type of African wildlife.Some of these are getting scarce(稀有的)because people kill them for various reasons.For example,rhinoceroses are killed for their horns(角),which are used in traditional Chinese medicines for colds and headaches.Perhaps they will be seen only in museums and books one day.
[4]Travelers may purchase food for the animals.They can feed them when they tour the park.Of course,they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people.In addition,they should only give proper food to the animals.
[5]A traveler may carry a gun with him in his journey.The gun is given to him by the government.However,it is not used for hunting.In fact,a seal is fixed to it.The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked.However,he has to prove to the government that he has been attacked and that he has not fired at a harmless animal.
1.List one of the reasons why travelers have to stay in a car during their visit.(no more than 6 words)
2.Why are rhinoceroses getting scarce (no more than 7 words)
3.What warnings are given to travelers when they feed the animals (no more than 15 words)
4.How does the government know the gun is fired (no more than 10 words)
5.What is the passage mainly about (no more than 6 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。本文通过对南非一家野生动物园的介绍,让读者了解到,作为这里的旅行者,应该注意些什么。
1.The park is huge.或Animals may attack people. 从第一段的...people have to drive around in a car for a few hours because the park is huge.和第三段的...go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people.可知。
2.People kill them for their horns. 从第三段的Some of these are getting scarce(稀有的)because people kill them for various reasons.For example,rhinoceroses are killed for their horns...可知答案。
3.Staying away from the animals and giving them proper food. 从第四段的Of course,they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people.In addition,they should only give proper food to the animals.可知,人们给动物喂食时,不应离得太近;同时,应该喂它们合适的食物。
4.By checking the seal. 根据第五段的However,it is not used for hunting.In fact,a seal is fixed to it.可知,政府通过检查封条来辨别。
5.A safari park in South Africa. 纵观全文可知,这篇文章主要是介绍南非的一家野生动物园。
Passage 8(2014湖南)
Kids and Ponds
Years ago there was a group of kids who would hang around at some local ponds in the woods near their houses in Warwick,Rhode Island.In summer they caught frogs and fish.When winter arrived they couldn t wait to go skating.Time passed,and the ponds became the only open space for the kids to enjoy themselves in that neighborhood.
One day,a thirteen-year-old boy from this group of kids read in the local newspaper that a developer wanted to fill in the ponds and build over a hundred small houses called condominiums.So the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures(签名)to stop the development.A group of citizens met and decided to support him.
At the meeting of the town planning board(委员会),the boy was quite nervous at first and spoke very softly.But when he saw the faces of his friends and neighbors in the crowd and thought about what was happening to their favorite ponds,his voice grew louder.He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens.He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children.A few days later,the developer stopped his plan.
Nine years later,when that teen was a senior in college,he was informed that the developer was back with his proposal to build condominiums.Now twenty-two years old,he was studying wetlands ecology.He again appeared before the town planning board.This time as an expert witness,he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development.Finally some condominiums were built,but less than half the number the developer wanted.The ponds where those kids used to hang around were protected by a strip of natural land,and are still there today.
1.What did the kids like to do at the local ponds in winter (No more than 6 words)
2.How did the boy win the citizens support (No more than 10 words)
3.What did the boy tell the town officials (No more than 16 words)
4.What helped the boy to protect the ponds successfully nine years later (No more than 12 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文属于记叙文,题材为环境保护类。本文对一个孩子为当地池塘保护所做的努力做了介绍。
1.They liked to go skating. 根据第一段的they couldn t wait to go skating可知答案。
2.He went door to door and gathered their signatures. 根据第二段的倒数第二句可知答案。
3.He told them they should speak for the citizens and leave enough space for children.根据第三段的He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens.He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children.可知答案。
4.Environmental protection laws and the knowledge of wetlands ecology helped him. 根据最后一段的he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development可知答案。
Passage 9(2013湖南)
“Let s Talk”:The Free Advice Project
A few weeks ago,I took a walk around Washington Square Park.I met all the usual people:street performers,the Pigeon Guy,a group of guitarists singing in harmony.But off to the side,sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.
A week or two later,I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.
Lisa Podell,32,started the Free Advice Project this past May.It began as an experiment;she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people.Podell was astonished at the strong response.
Podell admits that she was doubtful at first,but now she describes the project as mutually(相互地)beneficial.People learn from her—but she also learns from them.She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues,and they expect her not only to listen,but also to provide real answers.
Having worked as a full-time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor,Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decision-making process.
Sometimes,people walk around all day,keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way.Podell simply tries to provide people with perspective.
I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project.Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York,which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.
It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart,especially in New York—where it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen.
1.In what way was Podell different from other people in the park
(No more than 6 words)
2.What do people in need expect Podell to do (No more than 10 words)
3.According to Podell,what should people do when making decisions (No more than 6 words)
4.How would Podell promote her project in New York (No more than 15 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。本文对Podell和她的Free Advice Project的一些情况做了介绍。
1.She was giving free advice. 根据第一段中的...sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.可知答案。
2.They expect her to listen and provide real answers. 根据第四段中的She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues,and they expect her not only to listen,but also to provide real answers.可知答案。
3.They should talk things out. 根据第五段中的...Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decision-making process.可知答案。
4.She would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers. 根据第七段中的Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York,which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.可知答案。
Passage 10(2013山东)
[1]Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis,Minnesota.He became a millionaire when he was only 24.His father was wealthy,but he did not help his son.Getty made his millions alone.He made his money from oil.He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies.The Fortune magazine once called Getty“the richest man in the world.”
[2]But money .He married five times and divorced five times.He had five children but spent little time with them.None of Getty s children had very happy lives.
[3]Getty loved to make money and loved to save it.In spite of his great wealth,Getty was a miser.Every evening,he wrote down every cent he spent that day.He even put pay telephones in the guests bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.
[4]In 1973,kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson,and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return.Getty s son asked his father for money to save his child.But Getty refused.The kidnappers were merciless and Getty s son made repeated requests for help from his father.Finally,Getty agreed to lend the money,but at 4 percent interest.
[5]Getty started a museum at his home in Malibu,California.He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum.When Getty died in 1976,the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion.He left all his money to the museum.After his death,the museum grew in size.Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States.Getty made a large fortune in his life,but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.
1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1 (no more than 8 words)
2.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 7 words)
3.Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3.
4.What did the kidnappers do to Getty s family (no more than 10 words)
5.What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph (no more than 10 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。文章介绍了20世纪美国石油大亨Getty的奋斗历程以及他的性格喜好。
1.Getty was a self-made millionaire./Getty became rich through his own efforts. 根据第一段中的Getty made his millions alone.可知,第一段的主题是:Getty靠着自己的努力成了百万富翁。
2.did not buy happiness for Getty 根据该段对他家庭生活的描述可知,金钱并没有给他带来幸福。
3.Although he was very rich,Getty hated to spend money. 根据后面的描述可知,画线句子是表达:尽管他很有钱,但却是一个守财奴。
4.They took Getty s grandson and asked for money. 根据第四段可知答案。
5.Getty made a great contribution to the art world./Getty had another side. 他花巨资建了一个博物馆,里面收藏的艺术品价值10亿美元,所以说他对艺术界做出了重大贡献。
Passage 11(2012湖南)
A wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to experience a not-so-fun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry.
Now I still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago.I wanted to save up money and buy my own car,so I applied everywhere I could that summer.The restaurant called me right away and I thought to myself,this is going to be easy.Within four hours of my first shift(轮班),I had angry customers who complained how slow I was.I watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere,and I heard the words that no 16-year-old boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear:“Mike,there s a problem in the men s bathroom and you might want gloves for this one.”I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic.The manager expected a clean environment and,particularly,fast service with a friendly smile.
Over three years later I still work at that restaurant whenever I go home during vacations.I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am.Every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees.They chat with us workers and joke around.Our smiles have just as much to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does.
From my first job at the restaurant,I learned teamwork and devotion.I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get.I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life.
1.Why did the author apply everywhere that summer (No more than 12 words)
2.What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do (No more than 14 words)
3.Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations (No more than 13 words)
4.What did the author learn from his first job (No more than 11 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为夹叙夹议文,作者通过在一家饭店首次工作的经历告诉我们他学到了很多。
1.He wanted to save up money and buy his own car. 根据第二段第二句可知,“我想攒钱买自己的车,所以那年夏天我到处申请工作”。
2.The manager particularly expected them to offer fast service with a friendly smile. 根据第二段最后一句可知,经理希望他们提供干净的环境,特别是面带着友好微笑的快捷服务。
3.He loves his co-workers and all the customers know who he is.
根据第三段中I love my co-workers there and all the customers know who I am.可知答案。
4.He learned teamwork,devotion,and staying positive in rough situations. 根据最后一段的内容,经过对信息的处理、组织和转换,可以得出正确答案。
Passage 12(2011湖南)
My First Long Run
Two weeks ago,I had a quarrel with my husband.After he had driven off in anger,I realized that I wasn t going to feel any better just sitting there.Feeling abandoned and guilty,I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.
Our driveway has a slope(斜坡)that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy,taking advantage of gravity.Instead of stopping at the end of the slope,I decided to see if I could just jog to the end of the street.I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably.Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter,but still very lazy.However,this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further.
After about one kilometer,however,I noticed that my upper body was tense.To make the movement easier I had to relax my body,and tried to take deep breaths of fresh air.
I kept giving myself the excuse to stop.No one would be disappointed.No one would even know.But I didn t stop.I wanted to keep going harder,better,faster,stronger.To my great surprise,I ran 4.9 km in 31 minutes.When I got back,I had tears in my eyes.I did something I thought I could never do.
It was the first long run of my life.Since then,I have improved my stride(步幅)and time.After every run I feel fitter,happier and motivated to keep progressing.I love the runner s high.I normally jog because I want to look good.I want to run because it makes me feel good.
1.Why did the author feel guilty (No more than 9 words)
2.What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago (No more than 11 words)
3.What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop (No more than 9 words)
4.How is running different from jogging to the author (No more than 14 words)
答案
[语篇解读] 第一次长跑的经历给了作者自信,从此作者不再烦恼,不断进取,过上了健康、阳光和快乐的生活。
1.She had a quarrel with her husband. 根据第一段可知,她感到内疚的原因是和丈夫吵架了。经过对信息的转述,可以得出正确答案。
2.She failed to jog to the end of the street. 根据第二段的第二句和第三句可知,她几个月前没能成功地慢跑到街道的尽头。经过对信息的再组织和转述,可以得出正确答案。
3.No one would be disappointed or even know. 根据第四段的前三句可知,她不断地给自己找借口停下来。经过对信息的再组织,可以得出正确答案。
4.Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good.
根据最后一段最后两句,经过对信息的处理、再组织和转述,可以得出正确答案。
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