2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类--第二部分 阅读理解(含答案与解析)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类
第二部分 阅读理解
天津卷（2013—2022）
2022
01-2022天津夏，A
Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes. For most students, it's the first time they're living away from home and managing their own life. Not surprisingly, adapting to this new lifestyle can be challenging. The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life.
Goal setting
When setting goals, whether they're academic, career, or personal, remember they should be attainable but not too easy, so that you really have to push yourself to achieve them, and feel rewarded when you do. Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller, more practical ones can help make it feel more real, and writing out a plan for achieving it can give you a roadmap to success.
Interpersonal skills
At college, you will interact with fellow students, professors, librarians, and many others. Strong interpersonal skills will help you build relationships during this time, and get more out of them. If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely, develop your understanding by putting yourself in someone else's shoes, and enhance your self-confidence.
Studying
With fewer in-class hours and more on-your-own learning, you're required to really digest learning material rather than simply memorize facts. To be successful in college you'll need to learn how to integrate large amounts of information obtained through reading, do research, and write papers. Organization is the key, so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule.
Budgeting
Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance. Then give high priority to the expenses on basic needs and determine how much money to set aside every month to cover those costs. Don't forget about savings...and the fun stuff(movies, dinners out), too.
1. Who is this passage most probably written for
A. College teachers. B. University graduates.
C. High school teachers. D. Would-be college students.
2. What is the author's suggestion for reaching a huge goal
A. Divide it into smaller, more achievable ones.
B. Reward oneself for each goal one has set.
C. Purchase a clear, updated roadmap.
D. Push oneself to an upper level.
3. One of the suggested ways to enhance your interpersonal skills is to .
A. prepare complicated questions
B. try on someone else's shoes
C. listen to others carefully
D. take advantage of others
4. What is the key to successful college study according to the author
A. Being well-organized. B. Being well-informed.
C. Effective reading skills. D. Reliable research methods.
5. To learn how to manage money, the first thing to do is .
A. save money for financial investment
B. estimate one's income and expenses
C. set aside money for fun activities
D. open a personal bank account
答案
1. D推理判断题。根据第一段中的首句“Getting into college is a big step for high school graduates, and it comes with a lot of changes.(对于高中毕业生来说，进入大学是一大步，它带来了很多变化。)”和最后一句“The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life.(以下四个技巧将使高中毕业生为大学生活做更好的准备。)”可知，该文是为高中毕业生写的。
2. A细节理解题。根据第二段中“Writing down your goals and breaking down each huge, long-term goal into smaller, more practical ones can help make it feel more real...”可知，作者建议学生要将宏大的计划拆分成一个个细小的可实现的计划。
3. C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“If you feel that your interpersonal skills need some work, practice asking thoughtful questions and listening closely...”可知，其中的一个建议是：新生在人际交往时，要学会倾听。
4. A细节理解题。根据第四段中“Organization is the key, so if you are not someone who is naturally organized, set up your study schedule.（条理是关键，所以如果你不是一个天生就有条理的人，那就制订你的学习时间表。）”可知，大学学习的关键是有很好的条理性，科学安排自己的时间。
5. B细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Managing money is a critical life skill, and for many, it is at college that they develop it for the first time. Start by estimating your financial balance.”可知，管理资金是一项至关重要的生活技能，大学生要学会自主管理金钱，首先要估计收支问题。
02-2022天津夏，B
I'm an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story books and quite a number of essays to my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself Just to explain that the attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself as one is. That was where my struggle began.
Born and raised in Africa, I had always taken my African origin as a burden. My self-dislike was further fueled when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high pared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I, a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I'm so different!”
What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering（口吃）, which had weakened my self-confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I'd taken it as an excuse to avoid any public speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me.
Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn't a genetic（遗传的） disorder after all. It's perfectly normal.” Days later, my life took another twist(转折）. Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me—if I'm smart, I shouldn't allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.
Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the famous talkshow host and writer—she's black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my color, I'm practically filled with shame.
Today, I've grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me a feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there's always something fantastic about us, and what we need to do is learn to appreciate it.
1. What affected the author's adjustment to her school life in
Norway
A. Her appearance.
B. Social discrimination.
C. Her changing emotions.
D. The climate in Norway.
2. What did the author's occasional stuttering bring about according to Paragraph 3
A. Her lack of self-confidence.
B. Her loss of interest in school.
C. Her unwillingness to greet her classmates.
D. Her desire for chances to improve herself.
3. How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and the girl on the bus
A. Blessed and proud.
B. Confused and afraid.
C. Amazed and relieved.
D. Shocked and ashamed.
4. What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill
A. Great minds speak alike.
B. Stuttering is no barrier to success.
C. Wisdom counts more than hard work.
D. Famous people can't live with their weaknesses.
5. What can best summarize the message contained in the passage
A. Pride comes before a fall.
B. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C. Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself.
D. Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride.
答案
1. A细节理解题。根据文中第二段中“Compared to all the white girls around me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I, a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips.”和“I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying ‘I'm so different!’”得知A选项符合题意,为正确答案。
2. A细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering(口吃), which had weakened my self-confidence.”可知A选项符合题意,为正确答案。
3. C推理判断题。文中第四段提到“To my astonishment”“this isn't a genetic(遗传的)disorder after all”和“I was greatly relieved and then an idea suddenly hit me”，由此可知作者在注意到自己和校车上的女孩的相似之处后很吃惊,后来对于自己的问题释然了。
4. B细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后“if I'm smart, I shouldn't allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.”可知B选项符合题意,为正确答案。
5. D主旨大意题。根据全篇可知,作者意识到人要先学会接受自我,才能实现自爱自尊,故D选项符合题意,为正确答案。
03-2022天津夏，C
Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition（认知）？ What about our body Is it possible for thoughts and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.
If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don't have emotions so much as needs—they don't feel sad, they're just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers' heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world, they cry when they're cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved.
Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions.
Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects（实验对象） were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too: in another study, subjects' fingertip temperatures were measured after being included in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer.
For further proof, we can look at the metaphors（比喻说法） that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages.
Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it If you're having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you're physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions.
1. According to the author, the significance of the EC theory
lies in .
A. facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology
B. revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition
C. offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain
D. bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition
2. Where does the newborns' understanding of their surroundings start from
A. Their personal looks.
B. Their mental needs.
C. Their inner emotions.
D. Their physical feelings.
3. The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove .
A. environment impacts how we judge others
B. how body temperature is related to health
C. the mind and the body influence each other
D. how humans interact with their surroundings
4. What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5
A. Human speech is alive with metaphors.
B. Human senses have effects on thinking.
C. Human language is shaped by visual images.
D. Human emotions are often compared to natural materials.
5. What is the author's purpose in writing the last paragraph
A. To share with the reader ways to release their emotions.
B. To guide the reader onto the path to career success.
C. To encourage the reader to put EC into practice.
D. To deepen the reader's understanding of EC.
答案
1. D主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.”以及第二段第一句中“it makes total sense”可知，EC理论让我们更接近人类认知的真相。
2. D细节理解题。根据第二段中“Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them.”可知，新生儿用感官感知周围的世界，D项符合题意。
3. C细节理解题。根据第四段中“Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction.”可知，进一步的研究证明了头脑与身体相互作用。因此，C项（头脑与身体互相影响）与题意相符。
4. B态度意图题。根据第四段的实验和第五段中“For further proof, we can look at the metaphors (比喻说法) that we use without even thinking.”以及后边例子中的kind、sympathetic、soft、strong、calm、solid等词，可以推断出作者引用这些比喻的意图是证明我们的感觉会对想法产生影响，因此B项正确。
5. C态度意图题。根据最后一段中“why not use it ”以及后面的内容可知，作者写最后一段的意图是鼓励读者把EC理论用到实践中。
04-2022天津夏，D
Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives.
Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain because we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships.
What then, is the secret of a good life A good life is a process, not a state of being;a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world.
The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we'll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.
However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcomes, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car, knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can't move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.
With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world, we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.
1. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have
on us
A. Making us simple-minded
B. Making us short-sighted.
C. Leading us onto a busy road.
D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.
2. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness
A. Through maintaining good health.
B. By going through pain and suffering.
C. By recognizing one's abilities and limitations.
D. Through offering help much needed by others.
3. According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one .
A. less selfish B. less annoying
C. more motivated D. more responsible
4. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results
A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world.
B. When our love for the world is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life.
D. When we stay blind to the reality.
5. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when .
A. inspired by love and guided by knowledge
B. directed by love and pushed by knowledge
C. purified by love and enriched by knowledge
D. promoted by love and defined by knowledge
答案
1. B细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法会让我们目光短浅。故选B项。
2. D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.”可知，我们能够从帮助他人中获得真正的幸福。故选D项。
3. C推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.”可知，带着爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情，做事更有动力。故选C项。
4. A推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。
5. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“If love is the engine of a car, knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘).”可知要想真正实现美好生活，需要爱的鼓励和知识的指引。故A选项符合题意，为正确答案。
05-2022天津春，B
I work at Pearson, the largest and busiest airport in Canada. I am one of the faces of Toronto that welcome millions of air travellers from all over the world. My daily work is helping connecting (转乘) passengers, for example, answering their questions about the boarding gate or departure time. After a long non-stop flight, these passengers are tired and hungry. They need coffee, breakfast and a lounge (候机室) instead of confusion as they wait anxiously to get their luggage and board their next flights. My job is to keep them calm and informed.
Emotions can run high and the lounge is like a pressure cooker. Of course, connecting passengers don't want to miss their flights. They are usually in a hurry. They are stressed out. You see, a lot of them are travelling for pleasure and going to places like Miami Beach and Yellowstone Park. But now they are out of breath and sweating. Some shout angrily, some are even in tears. They don't seem to be having any fun at all.
That is when it is time for empathy. We put ourselves in the passengers' shoes and help them as much as we can. If we see the elderly trying to catch their planes but walking at a snail's pace, we find a wheelchair for them immediately. When a plane is leaving in 15 minutes and the door is closing, what else can we suggest but: “Run! Run!” A few times, I have run with passengers to their boarding gate. It's a race against time.
Since passengers are just passing through, our interactions are brief. I say “Ni hao” to the Chinese and “Hola” to the Spanish. A simple greeting in their mother tongue can guarantee a smile from a total stranger and a tired traveller. Once, a young woman, who was on her way to visit her family in South Africa, told me she was expecting her first baby. I offered my congratulations and good luck.
To all, I wish a pleasant trip, to groups off for a family wedding in Singapore, to seniors travelling to Rome for holiday, to children off to Disney World in Orlando... the airport is not a dull place. All kinds of human emotions are on display: sad (tearful goodbyes), happy (family get-togethers), anxious (waiting in a long line) and upset (missing a flight). Sometimes I think no matter where we come from, what colour our eyes, hair and skin, we are here to show our understanding and help. We are family.
1. What does the author's job involve
A. Cleaning the lounge.
B. Helping book hotels.
C. Providing information.
D. Selling food and drinks.
2. The lounge is like a pressure cooker because connecting passengers .
A. are under social pressure
B. are anxious about missing their flights
C. are pleased with the airport staff
D. are in high spirits after their journeys
3. What does the underlined word “empathy” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Understanding others' feelings.
B. Following the passengers' steps.
C. Recalling the memories of the trips.
D. Avoiding giving unwise suggestions.
4. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4
A. A smile is no guarantee of quality service.
B. Kindness does not always pay off.
C. Friendly interactions light up the day.
D. Travellers need to know a second language.
5. The author says “the airport is not a dull place” because at the airport .
A. family relations are strengthened
B. customs of the world are on display
C. there are recreational facilities for children
D. moments of people's life are experienced
答案
1. C细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“My daily work is...answering their questions about the boarding gate or departure time.”以及“My job is to keep them calm and informed.”,可概括出C选项“Providing information.”为正确选项。
2. B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...connecting passengers don't want to miss their flights.”以及在这种情况下乘客“stressed out”“out of breath”“shout angrily”“in tears”等行为表现,可以概括出中转乘客由于担心错过航班而心情焦虑,因此B选项为正确选项。
3. A词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“We put ourselves in the passengers' shoes and help them as much as we can.”及下文中作者就乘客的具体困难提供相关帮助的细节,可推断出empathy意为“共情”,故A选项为正确答案。put yourself in sb.'s shoes意为“设身处地”。
4. C推理判断题。根据本段描写的作者与乘客间的各种友好互动,尤其是“A simple greeting in their mother tongue can guarantee a smile from a total stranger and a tired traveller.”,可以概括并推断出C选项为正确答案。
5. D细节理解题。根据第五段中“All kinds of human emotions are on display”及下文所呈现的信息,如“sad (tearful goodbyes)”“happy (family get?togethers)”“anxious (waiting in a long line)”“upset (missing a flight)”,可概括出机场是一个见证人们各种情感的地方,故D选项为正确答案。
06-2022天津春，C
The question, “What do elephants and fish have in common ” may sound strange but researchers have found that they both have a feature not observed in any other creature.
A team at Georgia Institute of Technology has discovered that elephants use a special form of air suction(吸力) in their trunks to pick up food and handle delicate objects. Animals using suction to handle objects are typically found in water. Many fish perform suction feeding that requires specialised body parts to quickly generate air pressure that can draw nearby food into their mouths.
The researchers have found that an elephant could do the same thanks to its huge nostrils(鼻孔) and lung capacity. The radius (半径)of an elephant's nostrils can increase by up to 30%,and the volume of air that it can push through its trunk increases by 64%. This allows it to take in air at 30 times the speed of a human sneeze，enabling it to drink 3L of water a second.
In an experiment at Atlanta Zoo, the researchers looked at how an elephant would pick up a small crispy （酥脆的) pancake，which was only 0.5mm thick. The force required to break the pancake was less than 1% of the trunk's weight (about 100kg). The elephant was found to either use suction at a fixed distance from the pancake to “raise” the object in the air and hold it, or gently press the tip of its trunk against the pancake and apply suction to pick it up. At no time during the experiment did the elephant break the pancake.
The researchers believe that the findings could help technology companies develop better machines that use air to do their jobs，as suction has long been used in robotics to grab objects. The fascinating part of the study for robotics is that elephants can use air suction both on ground and in water. The researchers are so impressed that they suggest the elephant's suction technique could help improve robotics technology.
Nature never ceases to surprise. Indeed, it is thought that over four-fifths of living species on earth remain undiscovered. That is a reminder of how little we know of our planet,and that we are not the only creatures with hidden complexities.
1. According to the researchers,what is the ability shared by both elephants and fish
A. Surviving low air pressure.
B. Using air suction technique.
C. Observing other creatures.
D. Adapting to new environments.
2. Which of the following is TRUE about an elephant according to Paragraph 3
A. It drinks water 30 times faster than man.
B. It lets out 64% more air when sneezing.
C. Its lung capacity is smaller than we think.
D. Its nostrils can get 30% bigger in radius.
3. What can be learned about an elephant's trunk in the experiment
A. Its tip can sense the thickness of objects.
B. Its weight affects its movement.
C. It breaks the food before holding it.
D. It picks up delicate objects in different ways.
4. The research findings may contribute to the development of .
A. underwater robots B. nature reserves
C. transport vehicles D. fish farming
5. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A. To promote a new technology.
B. To recommend a research team.
C. To introduce a scientific discovery.
D. To explain a historical phenomenon.
6. Who would most probably find the passage helpful
A. Mechanical engineers.
B. Medical professionals.
C. Agricultural experts.
D. Wildlife protectors.
答案
1. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段“...they both have a feature...”及第二段“...elephants use a special form of air suction...Many fish perform suction feeding...”可知,大象和鱼一样拥有运用吸力的技能。故B选项为正确答案。
2. D细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The radius (半径)of an elephant's nostrils can increase by up to 30%”可知D选项为正确答案。
3. D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The elephant...use suction...to ‘raise’ the object in the air and hold it”以及“or gently press...and apply suction to pick it up”可知,大象可以用多种方式抓取易碎物,因此D选项为正确答案。
4. A推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“suction has long been used in robotics to grab objects”及“The fascinating part...can use air suction both on ground and in water”可以概括出选项A为正确答案。
5. C态度意图题。从语篇整体信息可知,本文的核心内容是推介最近的一项科学发现,即大象具有通过吸力在陆上和水下用鼻子抓取轻小物体的特殊技能,故C选项为正确答案。
6. A推理判断题。本文介绍大象通过鼻子的吸力抓取轻小物体的特殊技能,并对其在未来机器人技术开发方面做出展望,由此可以推断出这项发现同机械工程技术的相关度最高,故A选项为正确答案。
07-2022天津春，D
Some scientists insist that once we discover the truth about the world, we are done. Anyone who denies such truths，they suggest， is stupid or ignorant(无知的). Well, no. In science, what we do is both hard and, often, hard to explain. The history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved,only to discover that these matters needed to be reconsidered. Familiar examples include Earth as the center of the universe and the stability of continents.
Science is a process of learning and discovery，and sometimes we learn that what we thought was right is wrong. To say that science is “true” or “permanent” is like saying that“beauty is absolute.” At best, it's a bit off-key(不恰当的). The concept of beauty today is very different from what it was in ancient Greece or the Middle Ages，and so are most of our “laws” of nature.
Other scientists may say scientific findings are true because they use “the scientific method.” But we can never actually agree on what that method is. Some will say it is observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the use of experience and experiment. Recently a leading scientist said the scientific method was to avoid fooling oneself into thinking something is true that is not.
Each of these views has its value，but if the claim is that any one of these is the scientific method,then they all fail. History and philosophy have shown that the idea of a singular(唯一的)scientific method is unscientific. In fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time. Scientists have bitterly argued about which methods are the best, and, as we all know, bitter arguments rarely get resolved.
In my view, science is not simple，and neither is the natural world. Our efforts to understand and explain the natural world are just that: efforts. Because we're human, we often fall flat. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up，brush ourselves off,and get back to work. Understanding the world we live in, and using that knowledge to do useful things, is its own reward.
1. According to Paragraph 1，what is considered as truth in
science .
A. may have lasting value
B. may need re-examining
C. should be known to all
D. should not be rejected
2. Why does the author mention “beauty” in Paragraph 2
A. To raise a question.
B. To make a prediction.
C. To illustrate an idea.
D. To propose a solution.
3. What does the author think of the methods of science
A. They shouldn't be used to fool the public.
B. They rely heavily on observation and description.
C. They seldom cause arguments among scientists.
D. They shouldn't be limited to a single method.
4. The last paragraph suggests that in doing science，we should .
A. keep trying in spite of difficulties
B. fight back against others' criticisms
C. give priority to economic rewards
D. avoid making the same mistakes
5. What could be the best title for the passage
A. Efforts in Science: Dreaming Big
B. Science: Endless Journey to Truth
C. Scientists: Defenders of Science
D. Scientific Method: Simple Choice
答案
1. B细节理解题。第一段中作者批评了某些科学家认为科学结论不容置疑的错误观念,并举例指出很多科学家以为已得到的结论“needed to be reconsidered”,由此可知B选项为正确答案。
2. C态度意图题。文章第二段通过对“科学”和“美”进行类比,论证本段主旨句“Science is a process of learning and discovery, and sometimes we learn that what we thought was right is wrong”,由此可知C选项为正确答案。
3. D推理判断题。文章第三、四两段旨在讨论scientific method。第三段提出“...we can never actually agree on what that method is.”,第四段提出“if the claim is that any one of these is the scientific method, then they all fail...the idea of a singular(唯一的) scientific method is unscientific.”,由此可推断出科学的方法并不是唯一的,故D选项为正确答案。
4. A推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“science is not simple...we often fall flat...when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off,and get back to work”可知,A选项为正确答案。
5. B主旨大意题。文章论述了科学是发展的,并不是亘古不变的;科学方法是多元的,并不是唯一的;寻求科学真理是一个艰难且无止境的过程,可知B选项为正确答案。
2021
01-2021天津夏，A
When starting college, most students enjoy a week s stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time Below are several tips to ease(使熟悉) yourself into college life.
Participating in Campus Welcome Activities
Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen orientations (迎新会), campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.
Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What do students do for fun What are their favorite classes What is the history of your university It can help you observe campus life outside the classroom.
Exploring Campus
Getting to know where essential campus resources are—such as the student advising center, psychological services, and the tutoring center—will make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you won t have to look for them while still getting used to your classes.
Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If you re worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won t hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.
Starting a Routine
Before getting too excited about all of the fun things you ll be able to do during the week, remember that you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.
What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.
If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule.
1.By participating in campus welcome activities, freshmen can 　　　. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.learn about campus culture B.get their course schedule
C.have a physical examination D.take an entrance test
2.Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings
A.To see how many facilities they can use.
B.To avoid being late for future classes.
C.To help those getting lost on campus.
D.To practice running on their way to class.
3.When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine
A.On the first day of their classes. B.Before the orientation week.
C.After their first-day classes. D.During the orientation week.
4.What does the author suggest freshmen do to stay focused in class
A.Take physical exercise before class.
B.Leave their phones powered off.
C.Take early classes every day.
D.Keep to the sleep schedule.
5.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A.To offer some tips on making an easier start at college.
B.To remind freshmen about the first day of school.
C.To help freshmen organize campus activities.
D.To share his college experience with the reader.
答案
语篇解读
本文为说明文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是学校生活。作者主要就如何利用好大学开课前的一周时间去熟悉自己的大学生活提出了几个建议。
1.A　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“By participating in campus welcome activities”将答案区域锁定在小标题为“Participating in Campus Welcome Activities”的段落中。
解析　本题题干意为:通过参加校园欢迎活动,新生能够　　　。根据“Participating in Campus Welcome Activities”中第二段的第一句“Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture”可知,通过参加校园欢迎活动,新生能够了解大学校园文化。
2.B　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“have a quick test run between buildings”将答案区域锁定在小标题为“Exploring Campus”的段落中。
解析　本题题干意为:为什么建议新生在楼之间进行快跑测试 根据“Exploring Campus”中的最后两句“If you re worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won t hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.”可知,建议新生在楼之间进行快跑测试,可以避免去上课时有可能的时间延误,即为了避免将来上课时迟到。
3.D　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“to start getting used to the new routine”将答案区域锁定在小标题为“Starting a Routine”的段落中。
解析　本题题干意为:新生什么时候开始适应新的日常生活最好 根据“Starting a Routine”中的第一段第二句“Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.”可知,新生在开始上课前的这一周开始适应新的日常生活最好,即the orientation week“迎新周”。
4.D　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“to stay focused in class”将答案区域锁定在小标题为“Starting a Routine”的段落中。
解析　本题题干意为:作者建议新生做什么来保持在课堂上注意力集中 根据“Starting a Routine”中的第二段“What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.”可知,对你最有帮助的是安排睡眠时间。按照计划的时间去睡觉将确保你有足够的睡眠,并且保持清醒,在课堂上做到注意力集中。即建议坚持睡眠计划。
解题技巧　题干中的“stay focused in class”与文中“get to those early classes and stay wide awake”相呼应。
5.A　解题指导　主旨大意题。根据题干和语篇结构特征可将答案区域锁定在文章第一段。
解析　本题题干意为:作者写这篇文章的目的是什么 根据第一段中的最后一句“Below are several tips to ease yourself into college life.”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是就如何利用好大学开课前的一周时间去熟悉自己的大学生活提出了几个建议,即就轻松开始大学生活提供一些建议。
语篇知识　从此篇文章的篇章结构和首段的最后两句话可知,这篇文章意在就大学新生如何能更快、更好地适应大学生活提出一些建议。通常情况下,这种结构的说明文第一段会直接点出文章的主旨,然后分若干个有小标题的、并列的部分进行阐述。如果第一段最后一句话中有表示转折的词或特殊的标点符号,如冒号或破折号,则更需要引起注意。
难句分析
原句:Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.
分析:这是一个并列句。并列连词so连接两个逻辑上为因果关系的分句。第一个分句是一个主谓宾结构的句子,动名词短语Starting classes和being in different places at different times分别作这一分句的主语和宾语。
译文:开始上课意味着在不同的时间去不同的地方,所以这周开始习惯那个惯例是个好主意。
02-2021天津夏，B
When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language. Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for. It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing. With some encouragement from my colleagues, I had one of my poems published. This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began.
Back in 1978, I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning, teaching freshman composition. Afternoons I spent taking my daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons. I composed my lectures on the way, and that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day.
As a way out, I decided to get up two hours before my usual time. My alarm was set for 5:00 A.M. The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arm’s reach. The second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway. I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This was when my morning writing began.
Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting many excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published. When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second for fiction. Well or badly, I wrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line of the Sun, was finished. If I had waited to have the time, I would still be waiting to write my novel.
What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision: taking the time to create, stealing it from yourself if it’s the only way.
1.What motivated the author to start her writing career
A.Her strong wish to share. B.Her keen interest in writing.
C.Her urgent need to make a living. D.Her passionate desire for fame.
2.What problem did the author face when she decided to begin her writing
A.She was too exhausted to write after a busy day.
B.She had trouble in deciding on her writing style.
C.She had to take time to discipline her daughter.
D.She was unsure about her writing skills.
3.Why did the author place an alarm clock in the hallway
A.In case the clock in her room broke down.
B.In case she failed to hear the ringing.
C.To force herself out of bed.
D.To wake up her family.
4.How did the author manage to finish her novel
A.By sticking to writing every morning.
B.By writing when her mind was most active.
C.By drawing inspirations from classic novels.
D.By reducing her teaching hours at school.
5.What can we learn from the author’s success in her writing career
A.It is never too late to change your job.
B.Imaginative ideas die away if not taken in time.
C.A tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action.
D.Daily life provides ideas for creative writing.
答案
语篇解读
本文为记叙文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我。作者主要讲述了自己是如何养成写作的习惯并取得成功的故事。
1.B　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“motivated”,将答案区域锁定在第一段。
解析　本题题干意为:什么激发了作者开始她的写作事业 根据第一段中“...I find myself describing an urgent need that I felt to work with language...It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing.”可知,作者热爱写作,keen interest强烈的兴趣。故选B。
拓展延伸　This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began。先行词为“point”,为抽象地点,所以用“where”来引导定语从句。类似词有:stage、activity、situation等。
2.A　解题指导　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句以及题干可将答案区域锁定在第二段。
解析　本题题干意为:当作者决定开始她的写作时她面临什么问题 根据第二段整段的描写:作者上午要在三个校园间来回奔波,下午要带女儿上课,工作了一整天后回到家已经没有精力去写作了(there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day)。由此可推断作者忙了一天后已经筋疲力尽,无力写作。故选A。
3.C　解题指导　推理判断题。根据题干中的“an alarm clock in the hallway”可将答案区域锁定在第三段。
解析　本题题干意为:作者为何在门厅处放一个闹钟 根据第三段最后两句“I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This was when my morning writing began.”可推断出作者这么做是为了强制自己写作。故选C。
4.A　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“finish her novel”,将答案区域锁定在第四段。
解析　本题题干意为:作者是如何设法完成她的小说的 根据第四段第一句话可知,作者从1978年至今一直沿袭早起写作的习惯,从来没有为不写作找借口。故选A。stick to坚持。
5.C　解题指导　主旨大意题。根据题干问题,纵观全文得出答案。
解析　本题题干意为:我们可以从作者的写作事业的成功中学到什么 根据全文的叙述,我们知道作者一开始是因为觉得自己太忙,忙到筋疲力尽而没办法写作,后面利用早起的时间坚持写作,而她的总时间并没有增加。由此可知时间紧张并不是我们不去行动的借口。干扰项B中Imaginative ideas和原文initial sense of urgency不一样,偷换了概念。故选C。
审题技巧　除主旨大意题外,通常出题顺序即为文章的顺序。同时我们应善于抓住题干中的关键信息,再到文中去定位答案,如42题的problem、43题中的hallway、44题中的finish her novel。
难句分析
原句:For many people, the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough decision: taking the time to create, stealing it from yourself if it’s the only way.
分析:because引导状语从句,require doing“需要做……”,冒号后的内容为decision的具体内容。
译文:对于许多人来说,最初要创作的紧迫感很容易就消失了,因为这需要做出艰难的决定:花时间去创作,如果这是唯一的方法,(那么就)从自己身上偷来。
03-2021天津夏，C
In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. But what if we’re actually getting closer to a world where AI is capable of thinking and feeling
Tech company UneeQ is heading for its “digital humans”, which appear lifelike on the screen not only in terms of language, but also because of facial movements: raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod. They look close to a human, but not quite.
What lies beneath UneeQ’s digital humans Their 3D faces are modeled on actual human features. Speech recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying, and natural language processing is used to work out a response. Meanwhile, another AI company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a “digital brain” that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions “felt” and “expressed” by its “digital people”.
Shiwali Mohan, an AI scientist at the Palo Research Center, is skeptical of these digital beings.“They’re humanlike in their looks and the way they sound, but that in itself is not being human,” she says. “Human qualities also involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of algorithmic (算法) design. Designing for human-level intelligence is a different attempt than designing images that behave like humans.” She then continues,“If something looks like a human, we have high expectations of them, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地) know how other humans react.”
Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adoption of its digital employees across the financial, health care, and commercial sectors (行业). “Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient digitally, they might be left behind,” says Chetan Dube, UneeQ’s CEO.
Some other companies are taking their digital beings a step further, enabling organizations and individuals to create digital humans themselves using free-access platforms they provide. “The biggest motivation for such platforms is to popularize AI,” Dube says.
Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where they’re headed. “As we develop more advanced AI technology, we would then have to use new ways of communicating with that technology,” she says.“Hopefully, all of that is designed to support humans in their goals.”
1.According to Para. 2,in what respect(s) do UneeQ’s “digital humans” resemble human beings
A.In the way they move around.
B.In the way they act and react.
C.In observation and analysis.
D.In speech and facial expressions.
2.Soul Machines’ “digital brain” is a technological breakthrough because it 　　　.
A.learns to make proper emotional responses
B.tends to imitate human beings’ tone vividly
C.recognizes the speech sounds it receives
D.processes the natural language it hears
3.In Mohan’s opinion, what human quality is lacking in digital beings
A.Calculating brain. B.Language skills.
C.Instinctive judgements. D.Problem-solving ability.
4.What makes many sectors employ digital humans
A.The fear of falling behind in efficiency.
B.The urgency to promote e-commerce.
C.The wish to spread digital technology.
D.The need to upgrade the health care system.
5.What does Mohan think of the future of digital beings
A.It’s well planned. B.It’s promising.
C.It’s uncertain. D.It’s quite hopeless.
答案
语篇解读
本文为说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是科技发展与技术创新。文章主要讲述了“数字人”的发展现状以及科学家对这种数字生物的态度。
1.D　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“According to Para. 2”将答案区域锁定在第二段。
解析　本题题干意为:根据第二段, UneeQ的“数字人”在哪个(些)方面与人类相似 根据第二段中Tech company UneeQ is heading for its “digital humans”, which appear lifelike on the screen not only in terms of language, but also because of facial movements:raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod.可知,UneeQ的“数字人”不但在语言方面而且在面部动作方面栩栩如生,即在言语和面部表情上与人类相似。
2.A　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“Soul Machines’”和 “digital brain”将答案区域锁定在第三段。
解析　本题题干意为:Soul Machines的“数字大脑”是一项技术突破,因为它　　　。根据第三段中Meanwhile, another AI company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a “digital brain” that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions “felt” and “expressed” by its “digital people”.可知,之所以说Soul Machines的“数字大脑”是一项技术突破,是因为Soul Machines正采取一种更生物化的方法,使用“数字大脑”模仿人类大脑的各方面,以调整“数字人”“感受”和“表达”的情绪,即学会做出适当的情绪反应。
解题技巧　做细节理解题常用且有效的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案。要注意这类题会用同义转换的方式增加理解和定位的难度。此题选项A中“make proper emotional responses”与文中“adjust the emotions”属于同义转换。
3.C　解题指导　推理判断题。根据题干中的“In Mohan’s opinion, what human quality”将答案区域锁定在第四段。
解析　本题题干意为:在Mohan看来,数字人缺乏什么样的人类素质 根据第四段中If something looks like a human,we have high expectations of them, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively know how other humans react.可知,人类只是直觉地认识别人的反应,而“数字人”的表现方式会不同,由此可推断出数字人缺乏人类的直觉判断素质。
4.A　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“many sectors”和 “employ”将答案区域锁定在第五段。
解析　本题题干意为:是什么使得许多行业雇用数字人类 根据第五段中Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient digitally, they might be left behind可知,许多行业雇用数字人类是因为如果这些行业在商业模式数字化方面不能做到更高效,就可能会被甩在后面,即对在效率方面落后的担心。
5.B　解题指导　推理判断题。根据题干中的“Mohan”和“the future of digital beings”将答案区域锁定在最后一段。
解析　本题题干意为:Mohan对数字人类的未来有什么看法 根据最后一段中...yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where they’re headed.以及随后引用的Mohan所说的话可知,Mohan对数字人的未来发展持支持和乐观态度。
拓展延伸　作者或者文中人物的观点、看法和态度,常见的有三种:(1)支持、赞同、乐观。褒义词:supportive(支持的);positive(积极的);optimistic(乐观的);enthusiastic(热情的)等。(2)反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。贬义词:negative(否定的);ironic(讽刺的);critical(批评的);disgusted(厌恶的);disappointed(失望的)等。(3)中立、客观。中性词:indifferent(漠不关心的);uninterested(不感兴趣的);objective(客观的);neutral(中立的)等。熟悉这些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语,对于做好这类题型非常有帮助。
难句分析
原句:Meanwhile, another AI company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a “digital brain” that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions “felt” and “expressed” by its “digital people”.
分析:这是一个主从复合句。句子主干为another AI company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach; that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions “felt” and “expressed” by its “digital people”为定语从句,修饰先行词a “digital brain”。
译文:与此同时,另一家人工智能公司Soul Machines正采取一种更生物化的方法,使用“数字大脑”模仿人类大脑的各方面,以调整“数字人”“感受”和“表达”的情绪。
04-2021天津夏，D
Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional and beautiful. Why, then, is art still so widely considered to be “the easy subject” at school, insignificant to wider society, a waste of time and effort
Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can; art generates money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities. When people attend a concert, they are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but they also gain an incredible experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives. People don’t just want material things anymore, they want to experience life—the arts are a perfect crossover (交迭) between culture and commerce.
Furthermore, the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer. Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion, and their expression of common values through artworks in honour of events significant to a nation’s experience.
The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health. It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not; more engagement with the arts is linked to a higher level of people’s wellbeing. The Royal Society of Public Health discovered that music and art, when used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress, anxiety and blood pressure.
Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education:those engaged with drama have greater literary ability while others taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and languages. Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future. Participating in the arts is essential for child development; encouraging children to express themselves in constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life.
Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes. Life without art would be boring and dead still, for art is a part of what makes us human.
1.Art products differ from most other commercial products because 　　　.
A.most people purchase them for collection
B.they are more expensive and less accessible
C.they have both commercial and cultural values
D.their prices may climb up as time passes
2.By sharing their arts experiences, community members can 　　　.
A.keep the community safe from illnesses
B.develop a stronger tie between them
C.learn to appreciate their own works of art
D.offer honourable solutions to their problems
3.What can we learn about people who are involved in artistic activities
A.They enjoy better living conditions.
B.They like to compare themselves with others.
C.They are particularly good at both music and art.
D.They tend to be healthier physically and mentally.
4.How does kids’ engagement with the arts benefit them
A.It promotes their academic performance and emotional growth.
B.It gives them more confidence in exhibiting their learning skills.
C.It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.
D.It helps to make responsible people out of them.
5.What is the best title for this passage
A.How Art Cures Our Hearts B.Art: A Blessing to Humankind
C.How Art Benefits Communities D.Art: A Bridge Between Cultures
答案
语篇解读
本文为议论文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是艺术与人类文明。作者主要讨论了艺术对人类社会的积极影响。
1.C　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“differ from”和“commercial products”可将答案区域锁定在第二段中。
解析　本题题干意为:艺术产品和大多数其他商品不同是因为　　　。根据第二段中的“...art generates money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities.”可知,艺术不但能产生金钱,还拥有重要的情感和文化价值。故选C。
2.B　解题指导　推理判断题。根据题干中的“sharing their arts experiences”和“community members”可将答案区域锁定在第三段中。
解析　本题题干意为:通过分享他们的艺术体验,社区成员可以　　　。根据第三段中的“Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion”可知,通过分享,个人之间的社会关系被创造出来了。文中的bonds对应选项B中的tie。故选B项。
解题技巧　正确选项一般都是原文的同义转述,考生可以通过关注选项中的重点词汇的近义词,找到原文中相对应的词,从而选出正确选项。
3.D　解题指导　推理判断题。根据题干中的“people who are involved in artistic activities”可将答案区域锁定在第四段中。
解析　本题题干意为:关于参加艺术活动的人们,我们能得知什么 根据第四段中的“The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health. It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not”可知,艺术活动对参加的人的身体和心理有好处。故选D。
拓展延伸　The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health.此句中have a positive impact on sth.=have a positive effect on sth.=have a positive influence on sth.意为:对某物产生积极影响。
4.A　解题指导　细节理解题。根据题干中的“kids’ engagement with the arts”可将答案区域锁定在第五段中。
解析　本题题干意为:孩子参加艺术(活动)对他们有什么好处 根据第五段中“Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education”和“encouraging children to express themselves in constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life”可知,这能提升他们的学业成绩和情感成长。题干中的engagement对应文中的involved;文中的greater achievements in their education对应选项A中的promotes their academic performance。故选A。
5.B　解题指导　主旨大意题。本题需要分析文章结构,并了解每段的大意。
解析　本题题干意为:本文的最佳标题是什么 根据文章结构可知,作者先从第一段“不重视艺术”的现象开始谈起,在第二段至第五段中分别论述了艺术对于人类生活的积极影响,在第六段中得出结论“没有艺术的生活是枯燥死寂的,因为艺术是我们人类生活不可分割的一部分”。由此可见,艺术是人类的福祉。故选B。
难句分析
原句:It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not...
分析:It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,在这个从句中who frequent cultural places...为定语从句,frequent是动词,意为:常去(某地);compared to those who do not为状语,其中who引导的是定语从句。
译文:据发现,经常去文化场所或参加艺术活动的人比那些不去文化场所或不参加艺术活动的人更有可能获得良好的健康……
05-2021天津春，A
Job for You!
Family Alliance Meal Delivery
Family Alliance is looking for people who can deliver hot Chinese meals one to two times a week for people with disabilities in north suburban Fairfield County.
All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. Gas will be covered for each delivery.
Working hours:10 a.m. to 1 p.m. Tuesdays and Fridays
For more information, contact Charles Chen at cchen@
Or call 740-6668988
Lancaster Design
We provide full furnishings, like donated kitchen equipment and furniture items, for the new homes of people who were once homeless.
We need people who can work at our warehouse (仓库) sorting and packing items to be delivered to families, repair donated furniture and more.Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set.
Interested Submit your application to www.lancasterdesign.org
Or call 740-6119735
Lancaster Weekly
Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home If so we have a vacancy in our team which would suit you.Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper.You may have to cover some distance.Bicycles are available if needed.
Working hours:8 a.m. to 10 a.m. Saturdays
For more information
Call 740-6538360
Parkview Nursing Home
Caregivers are wanted.We seek people who are patient and caring, and who have experience and interest in working with older adults.
As part of the package, initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is available if required.
For more details, visit us at Unit 3 Park View Lane
Or contact Ellen White at 740-6968399
1.Which job requires a driver's license
A.Delivering meals.
B.Delivering newspapers.
C.Working at the warehouse.
D.Working at the nursing home.
2.Which of the following is TRUE about the Lancaster Design job
A.Applicants are expected to design furniture.
B.Work is arranged according to one's skill set.
C.It involves collecting furniture from homes.
D.It favors applicants who are homeless.
3. A middle-school student is most likely to be hired by　　　.
A.Family Alliance Meal Delivery
B.Lancaster Design
C.Lancaster Weekly
D.Parkview Nursing Home
4.Which number should you call if you want to work with the elderly 　　　　　　　　　
A.740-6668988.　　B.740-6119735.
C.740-6538360.　　D.740-6968399.
答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为社会交往。本文为四则招聘广告。
1.A　细节理解题。根据Family Alliance Meal Delivery中All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car.(所有的申请人都必须有驾照并能使用汽车。)可知答案选A。
2.B　细节理解题。Lancaster Design广告中有一句Candidates will be matched with a task based on skill set.(候选人将根据技能分配任务。),故选B。
3.C　细节理解题。在Lancaster Weekly广告中有这句Both adults and youngsters aged 13+ are required to deliver our newspaper.(成人和13岁以上的青少年都要递送我们的报纸。),故选C。
4.D　细节理解题。 Parkview Nursing Home广告的主要工作内容为照顾老人,联系电话为740-6968399,故选D。
难句分析　原句:We seek people who are patient and caring, and who have experience and interest in working with older adults.
分析:本句中两个who引导定语从句,修饰people。
译文:我们寻找有耐心,有爱心,有与老年人一起工作的经验和兴趣的人。
06-2021天津春，B
　　About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard (蜥蜴) was growing dusty.It worried me.I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
　　I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces.As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
　　The destruction started three months ago.It was my husband's birthday.He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear us out, so I wanted to do something special.
　　“Let's make a cake for Dad!” I cried.
　　My kids screamed with joy.We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day.Candles on the cake! Balloons on the walls! Flowers on the table!
　　Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf.It fell and crashed beside the cake.Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere.She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away.My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
　　Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out.After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary (纪录片) series The Last Dance.
　　The poignancy (辛酸) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise.As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had.Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them.But they had to live with who they were after everything was different.Just like us.I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
　　Humans do not shed skin (蜕皮) as easily as other animals.The beginning of change is upsetting.The process is tiring.Damage changes us before we are ready.I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
　　Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope.With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
1.What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1 　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
A.Its tank grew dirty.　　B.Its old skin came off.
C.It got a skin disease.　　D.It went missing.
2.Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday
A.The birthday cake was ruined.
B.The author made good puddings.
C.Pudding was his favorite dessert.
D.They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
3.Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage
A.To prove a theory.
B.To define a concept.
C.To develop the theme.
D.To provide the background.
4.The underlined part “leaving behind the layer” in Paragraph 8 can be understood as 　　　.
A.letting go of the past
B.looking for a new job
C.getting rid of a bad habit
D.giving up an opportunity
5.What does the author most likely want to tell us
A.Love of family helps us survive great hardships.
B.It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C.We should move on no matter what happens.
D.Past experiences should be treasured.
答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为积极的生活态度。本文讲述了作者的丈夫失业后,作者及其家人经历了一系列的不顺,直到作者通过观察蜥蜴的蜕皮以及观看Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞动》获得了启示:不管发生什么事,我们都要继续前进。
1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.(几秒钟后,我们的蜥蜴从箱里出来,旧皮在后面飘动。)可知蜥蜴在经历蜕皮过程。故选B。
2.A　推理判断题。根据第六段中的my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase... She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away.可知丈夫吃香蕉布丁的原因是生日蛋糕被毁了。
3.C　推理判断题。作者在文中提到The Last Dance是为了引出下文的感悟,故选C。
4.A　词义猜测题。根据第八段最后一句话I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.(我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后。)可知选A。
5.C　推理判断题。这篇文章从开头提到蜥蜴蜕皮到观看乔丹的纪录片都是为了引出主题:learn to leave the past behind。故选C(不管发生什么,我们都应该往前走)。
07-2021天津春，C
　　A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis (催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients.The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging (医学影像) procedures.
“During the examination children don't move.It works perfectly.It's amazing,” said Johanne L'Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.
The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre