2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类--语法填空(含答案与解析)
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| 名称 | 2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类--语法填空(含答案与解析) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-09-21 23:36:25 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类
语法填空
新高考卷（2020—2023）
2023
01-2023新课标Ⅰ
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, 1. (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2. (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), 3. to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
Shanghai may be the 4. (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. There, you’ll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 5. hand rather than rolled.
Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6. (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7. (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8. touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 9. (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 10.(want) more next time.
答案
语篇解读 本文是说明文，主题语境为饮食文化。本文主要讲了小笼包的构造、味道和发源地。
1. tasty 考查词性转换。句意：小笼包（灌汤包），精致的包子皮包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和香喷喷的新鲜肉馅，无疑是我最爱的中国街边食物。设空处修饰名词soup，所以用形容词tasty。
2. to bite 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你就必须决定是先咬一小口，让热气散发，同时冒着溢出汤汁的风险，还是把整个包子都放进嘴里，让热汤汁在你的舌尖爆开。本句已有谓语have to decide，设空处与whether连用构成“wh-词+不定式”结构，作decide的宾语，故填to bite。
3. or 考查连词。句意参见上题解析。此处为whether...or...结构，意为“是……还是……”。
4. recognized 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包的发源地，但是食物历史学家会向你指出上海周边的古运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。设空处位于定冠词后、名词前，应使用非谓语形式作定语。设空处与被修饰词home构成被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，故填recognized。
5. by 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的做法不同——皮厚汤少——皮是手工压制的而不是擀的。by hand意为“用手工”。
6. to be lifted 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有精细的皮，这就使它们能从笼里被提出而不会裂开或者漏馅儿。此处为allow sb./sth. to do sth.结构，to do作宾补，此处表达小笼包被提起，设空处与宾语them构成被动关系，应使用不定式的被动式。故填to be lifted。
7. their 考查代词。句意参见上题解析。设空处修饰名词contents，指代xiao long bao,所以需要用形容词性物主代词their。
8. a 考查冠词。 句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一股香味，包裹的汤汁热气腾腾、清澈透亮又美味无比。a touch of表示“一点，些许”。
9. rarely 考查词性转换。句意：不管我在哪里买，一笼极少够吃，但是两笼又好像多了，所以我总是想下次吃更多。设空处作状语，所以要用副词形式。
10. wanting 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题解析。“leave+宾语+doing”意为“使某人处于……状态”。
02-2023新课标Ⅱ
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach...the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 1. (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2. (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3.
Not the pandas, even though 4. language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 . (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6. (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7. they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 8. (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9. to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
答案
语篇解读 本文是记叙文，主题语境为社会服务与人际沟通，讲述了作者因柏林动物园租借中国大熊猫而教饲养员英语的经历，这段经历间接实现了作者儿时想要成为动物饲养员的梦想。
1. arrival 考查词性转换。句意：自2017年6月以来，正好在梦梦和娇庆两只新的大熊猫到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的大熊猫饲养员，让他们在说英语时感到更加放松和自信。设空处作介词before的宾语，位于冠词之后、介词of之前，应该使用名词形式。故填arrival。
2. confident 考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。设空处与comfortable并列，作feel的表语，应该使用形容词形式。故填confident。
3. to/with 考查介词。句意：他们和谁讲英语？与speak搭配的应该是介词to/with。故填to或with。
4. the 考查冠词。language后面有后置定语，此处特指医疗培训指令使用的语言，应该使用定冠词。故填the。
5. visiting 考查词性转换。句意：他们和许多国际游客以及来访的中国动物饲养员交谈，这些饲养员经常来查看大熊猫，这些大熊猫是从中国借出的。设空处修饰Chinese zookeepers，应该使用形容词形式，意为“访问的，客座的”。故填visiting。
6. interviews 考查名词的复数形式。句意：他们也需准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。interview是可数名词，前面没有冠词或形容词性物主代词限定，应使用复数形式。故填interviews。
7. why 考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么他们需要一位英语培训师。空后成分完整，空前为系动词is，故设空处引导表语从句，解释需要英语培训师的原因。故填why。
8. Basically 考查词性转换。句意：基本上，（学习）如何描述大熊猫的生活。设空处修饰后面整个句子，应该使用副词形式。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。
9. and 考查并列连词。句意：看到这个大熊猫项目发展以及看到大熊猫们在新家安顿下来是一种荣耀。设空处后面的to see与设空处前面的to watch并列。故填and。
10. wished 考查动词的时态。句意：当我是个小女孩时，我希望长大后能成为一名动物饲养员。根据前面的As a little girl以及后面的grew up可知设空处应该使用一般过去时。故填wished。
2022
01-2022新高考Ⅰ
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 1. (cover) an area about three times 2. size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3. (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4. (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 5. (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity(原真性) and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 6. leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”. The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7. (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 8. (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 9. an umbrella species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10. live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。大熊猫国家公园的建立不仅能保护大熊猫,而且能够促进该区域所有物种的健康发展。
1.Covering 考查动词的非谓语形式。the GPNP与设空处为逻辑上的主动关系,且设空处位于句首,故用cover的现在分词形式(Covering),意为“占地……”。
2.the 考查冠词。倍数的表达方法:倍数+the+名词(size/length...)+of。
3.were 考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知,此处是that引导的定语从句。根据空格前的先行词areas及空格后面的previously unprotected 可知,此处填were,构成一般过去时的被动语态。
4.to increase 考查动词的非谓语形式。根据句意可知,把很多现存的大熊猫保护区统一管理起来是为了提高效率和减少不一致的管理。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
5.is designed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句表述事实,故用一般现在时;此处与主语构成被动关系,表示“大熊猫国家公园被设计来反映……的指导原则”,故用被动语态;主语The GPNP为第三人称单数,故填is designed。
6.and 考查并列连词。leaving behind...与protecting the authenticity...、preserving biological...、protecting ecological...是顺承关系,作of的宾语。
7.populations 考查名词。根据空格后的and homes可知,此处需要填名词复数形式。
8.eventually 考查副词。设空处修饰achieve,用副词形式。
9.as 考查固定搭配。serve as 充当,担当。
10.that 考查定语从句。从句中缺主语,先行词是the species,且先行词前有all修饰,关系词用that。
02-2022新高考Ⅱ
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2 metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 1. (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
2. Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 3. (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 4. (see) them. When he looked down, he 5. (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 6. screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 7. (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 8. (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
“He saved my 9. (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don't know 10. to thank him.”
“I just didn't want the boy to be hurt,” said Henry.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章讲述了一位叫Henry的小伙子勇敢、及时地救下从阳台跌落的孩子的事迹。
1.falling 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处为现在分词作定语,表示“正在跌落的孩子”,因此用falling。
2.The 考查冠词。The Brown family表示“布朗一家”,故用定冠词The。
3.asleep 考查词性转换。动词转换为形容词。设空处与fell(fall)构成固定搭配fall asleep,意为“睡着,入睡”。
4.to see 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处为不定式作状语。前面一系列动作的目的是“看见”,因此填to see。
5.accidentally 考查词性转换。形容词转换为副词。Eric本想向外看,却“意外地”滑落,此处用副词修饰动词,填accidentally。
6.and 考查连词。本句中hung on与screamed是两个顺承的动作,故填并列连词and。
7.was fixing 考查动词时态和主谓一致。be doing...when 表示一个动作正在进行,这时另一个动作突然发生。语境为Henry正在修车,这时他突然听到尖叫声。全文整体时态为过去时态且主语为第三人称单数,故填was fixing。
8.threw 考查动词时态。本句体现救人的动作。设空处与and后面的started并列,作本句的谓语。全文整体时态为过去时态,故填过去式threw。
9.son's 考查名词所有格。他救了“我”儿子的性命。save one's life为固定短语,意为“挽救某人的生命”。故填所有格son's。
10.how 考查与不定式连用的疑问词。设空处与后面的不定式构成固定结构,在本句中作know的宾语,意为“不知道如何感谢他”,因此填how。
2021
01-2021新高考Ⅰ
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”. 1. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out of this world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2. (human)are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3. (undoubted)help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 4. (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5. (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6. (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 7. offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8. (ache)legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 9. (I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10. must to visit!
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。作者主要描述了自己游览黄山的经历。
1.What 本题考查名词性从句。句意:这次经历的激动人心之处在于这极美的景色。“ is so breathtaking about the experience”为主语从句,该从句中缺少主语,且设空处表示“事物”,故填What。
2.humans 本题考查名词的“数”。句意:一旦你站在山顶上,你看到的滚滚云海会提醒你,我们人类是多么渺小。设空处作“we”的同位语,且设空处后的谓语动词是“are”,由此可知,设空处需填名词复数形式,故填humans。
3.undoubtedly 本题考查副词。句意:毫无疑问,它会帮助你恢复精力!设空处作状语,需用副词形式,故填undoubtedly。
4.hotter 本题考查形容词。句意:这个温泉的神奇之处在于(周围环境的)温度越低,这个温泉的温度就越高!根据本句中的“the colder the temperature gets”可知在设空处填hotter。
5.astonished 本题考查动词的非谓语形式作宾补。句意:但是大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。设空处作宾补,意为:感到惊讶的,故填astonished。
6.was 本题考查时态。句意:你会不禁想到当时的人们把那些石头铺好是多么困难。根据本句中的“for the people then to put all those rocks into place”可推知设空处介绍的是过去的情况,需用一般过去时,故填was。
7.and 本题考查连词。句意:虽然这是你在上山路上见到的唯一非自然景观,但它仍然是整个险途中的亮点,并给(由于爬山)腿疼的旅客提供了一个歇脚的地方。设空处前后的谓语动词“highlights”与“offers”为递进关系,故填并列连词and。
8.aching 本题考查动词的非谓语形式作定语。设空处作定语,修饰legs。被修饰词legs与ache为逻辑上的主动关系,故填现在分词aching。
9.mine 本题考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长并曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。它肯定会留在“我”的记忆中。设空处填mine代替my memory。
10.a 本题考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一定要去参观的!设空处后的must为名词,意为:必须做的事。在本句中must表示泛指,需与不定冠词连用,故填a。
02-2021新高考Ⅱ
I've always loved the ocean. In the 1. (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 2. (think)it is food.
I decided to do something 3. (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 4. used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管). I found the contact information of the company 5. emailed its president. I told him how 6. (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco friendly options. I was so 7. (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 8. (be) Alaska Airlines. A company 9. (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 10. plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,介绍了作者为减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
1.seventh 考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加利福尼亚州的蒙特雷湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词。
2.thinking 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。
3.to educate 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们了解这个问题。空格处作目的状语,故填to educate。
4.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我得知有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少塑料的使用。定语从句的先行词为a company,设空处在定语从句中作主语,指物,故填which或that。
5.and 考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用and连接两个并列的谓语动词。
6.harmful 考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境多么有害,并请他考虑使用更环保的选择方案。该处为“how+adj.”结构,故填harmful。
7.excited 考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was的表语,用形容词,修饰人,表示“兴奋的”,故填excited。
8.was 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写过信的最大的公司之一是阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构后谓语动词用单数,故填was。
9.representative 考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,故填representative。
10.from 考查介词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班上的塑料杯换成纸杯。 from...to...从……到……。
2020
01-2020新高考Ⅰ
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 1. (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 2. until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 3. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 4. opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 5. (call)galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection 6. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 7. (they)living at a different time in history or 8. (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 9. (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 10. people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了博物馆藏品的由来、藏品的展览方式以及博物馆给人们提供的各种体验。
1.wealthy 考查形容词。句意:在18世纪和19世纪,富裕的人们旅游的同时也收集植物、有历史的东西和艺术品。设空处作people的定语,此处用形容词作定语,故填wealthy。
2.or 考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到藏品变得太多或者他们去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据句意可知,设空处前后两个时间状语从句为选择关系,故用or。
3.formed 考查动词的时态。句意:例如,Hans Sloane爵士收集的八万件藏品成了大英博物馆的核心藏品,该博物馆于1759年开放。设空处的动词作谓语,根据语境可知应使用一般过去时态,故填formed。
4.which/that 考查定语从句。设空处为引导定语从句的关系词,先行词是the British Museum,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The British Museum opened in 1759,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填which或that。
5.are called 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为展览馆或展览室。设空处的动词作谓语,因为陈述客观事实,所以应该使用一般现在时态。主语the parts of a museum和动词call之间为被动关系且表示复数概念,故填are called。
6.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆的藏品只有一小部分被展出。设空处的动词作谓语,因为陈述客观事实,所以应该使用一般现在时态。主语为单数概念,故填is。
7.themselves 考查代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客(还)可以玩电脑模拟(游戏),想象他们自己生活在一个不同的历史时期或漫步在热带雨林中。设空处作imagine的宾语,当主语visitors 和宾语是同一群人时,要用反身代词作动词imagine的宾语。
8.walking 考查动词的非谓语形式。设空处与前面的living并列。故填walking。
9.accuracy 考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要但是娱乐也很重要。设空处在句中作主语,故填accuracy。
10.for 考查介词。句意:为了(获取)人们的闲暇时间和金钱,博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动展开竞争。compete for意为“争夺”。故填for。
02-2020新高考Ⅱ
These days, it is not unusual for 10 to 12 year olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 1. (begin)computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 2. (education)computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know how has become a 3. (require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most 4. (profession).
The Digital World is a set of volumes 5. aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores 6. wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 7. discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics 8. (be)practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers 9. (encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of 10. (we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版背景和目的等方面的信息。
1.to begin 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见。本题考查“it is +adj.+ for sb. to do sth.”结构,该结构中it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。
2.educational 考查词性转化。此处表示“主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发寓教于乐的电脑程序”。修饰名词computer programs,需用形容词形式。
3.requirement 考查词性转化。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后可接名词作宾语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式。
4.professions 考查名词的数。 名词profession为可数名词,根据前面的修饰词most可知应使用其复数形式。
5.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。设空处为引导定语从句的关系词,先行词是volumes,将先行词代入定语从句后为:A set of volumes aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.关系词在定语从句中作主语,指物。
6.a 考查冠词。句意:丛书中的每卷都探索了各种材料、解释数字系统的主要应用程序的基本概念并讨论了它们对日常生活的影响。a range of一系列。wide的发音以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。
7.and 考查连词。discusses与explores和explains并列。
8.is 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个样本,并解释技术的基本原理。the number of... 表示“……的数目”,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。
9.are encouraged 考查时态和语态。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的“参考资料”部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。
10.our 考查代词。修饰Further Resources section,应用形容词性物主代词。
课标全国卷（2014—2023）
2023
01-2023全国乙
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 1. royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 2. (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3. welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 4. (wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast(反差）that shouldn’t work, 5. somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 6. (visit)several times over the last 10 years, I 7. (amaze)by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产）while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 8. (record)everything I discovered.
The 9. (remark)development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10. (mean)there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
答案
语篇解读 本文是说明文，主题语境为社会进步与人类文明。文章主要介绍了北京是一座结合了古代和现代的城市，成功地将古代的遗产与现代化的发展融合起来。
1. to 考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3,000多年的辉煌历史，甚至单从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。短语from...to...意为“从……到……”。故填to。
2. built 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题解析。build与system of ring roads为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填built。
易错警示 该空易误填building。building system意为“建筑系统”，该短语为名词短语，不可用副词carefully来修饰。
3. that/which 考查定语从句。句意：除了它的全部古建筑，北京也是一个乐意接纳现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇观与过去的历史建筑并存。设空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为表示事物的名词place，故填that或which。
4. wonders 考查名词的复数形式。句意参见上题解析。形容词architectural后接名词，wonder意为“奇观”，为可数名词，故用其复数形式。故填wonders。
5. but/yet 考查连词。句意：这是一种鲜明的视觉对比，本来是行不通的，但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。设空处前后为转折关系，故填but或yet。
6. Having visited 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：在过去的10年里，我已经参观了几次，我惊讶于新旧共存，以及一个城市如何能在不断发展的同时保存如此丰富的遗产。设空处为非谓语形式作状语，逻辑主语I与动词visit之间为主动关系，又根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知，此处应该用现在分词的完成式，并且该空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Having visited。
7. was amazed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意参见上题解析。设空处作句子谓语，空前提到在过去的10年里，“我”已经参观了几次，所以此处应是过去感到惊讶，应用一般过去时，又因主语I与动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是I，故填was amazed。
8. recording 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：作为一名摄影师，我把过去的两年时间用于记录我发现的一切。本句已有谓语动词have spent，设空处应用动词的非谓语形式。spend time (in) doing sth. 为固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”。故填recording。
9. remarkable 考查词性转换。句意：这座城市的显著发展是有意设计的，目的是在步入现代世界的同时保护过去，这意味着这里总是有新的东西等待被发现，我可能会在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。形容词修饰名词development，故填remarkable，意为“非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的”。
10. means 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意参见上题解析。设空处作句子的谓语。该句的主语The remarkable development of this city为单数形式，而且该句描述的是客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。故填means。
02-2023全国甲
For thousands of years, people have told fables（寓言） 1. （teach）a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2. (six) century B.C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fables. In fact, her style and tone（口吻） are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America 4. all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins, 5. (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6. (intend) for everyone.
7. (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8. saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9. (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10. (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文，主题语境为文学名著，主要介绍了Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中使用简单、直接的风格来警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须负责拯救自己的环境。
1. to teach 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲述寓言故事来给人教训或传承智慧。本句已有谓语have told，设空处应用动词的非谓语形式作目的状语，故应使用动词不定式。也可以根据并列连词or与其后面的“to pass on wisdom”确定使用动词不定式。故填to teach。
2. sixth 考查序数词。句意：寓言是许多口头流传的早期文化的一部分，著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前六世纪。此处表达“公元前六世纪”，应使用序数词。故填sixth。
3. as 考查关系词。句意：然而，正如Rachel Carson在她的《明天的寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。根据句子结构可以判断，设空处前面是主句，设空处引导定语从句；这里表示“正如，正像”，应用as引导定语从句。故填as。
4. where 考查定语从句。句意：“在美国的中心地带曾经有个城镇，在这个城镇里，所有的生命似乎都能与周围的环境和平共处”，她的寓言是这样开头的，从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的话语。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为town(指地点)，关系词在从句中作状语，相当于in the town。故填where。
5. borrowing 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题。本句已有谓语begins，设空处应用动词的非谓语形式作状语，所给提示词borrow与逻辑主语her fable之间是主动关系，应使用动词-ing形式。故填borrowing。
6. intended 考查形容词。句意：然而，在这种简单的风格背后是所有人都需要认真思考的信息。本句有系动词is和主语a serious message，此处为形容词短语作定语，修饰message。intended for sb.意为“为某人打算（或设计）的”。故填intended。
7. Different 考查词性转换。句意：与传统的寓言不同，Carson的故事以谴责结束，而不是教益。different from为固定搭配，意为“与……不同”。故填Different。
8. for 考查介词。句意：她警告（人们）社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须负责拯救自己的环境。take responsibility for doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“承担做某事的责任”。故填 for。
9. warning 考查词性转换。句意：然而，Carson的主题是一种更为沉重的对环境破坏的警告。根据设空处前面的a more weighty（冠词+形容词比较级）和后面的介词about可以确定此空应该用名词。故填warning。
10. be employed 考查被动语态。句意：Carson证明，一种世代相传的简单文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要事实的关注。设空处作谓语，宾语从句的主语a simple literary form与所给提示词employ构成被动关系，应使用被动语态。该空位于情态动词can后，故填be employed。
2022
01-2022全国乙
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 1. the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 2. festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 3. (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 4. (large) tea producing country, China has a 5. (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 6. (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 7. cultural exchanges. A four year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
8. (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 9. (invite) twenty nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 10. (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。联合国设立国际茶日,为庆祝此节日,中国开展了一系列活动。
1.by 考查介词。由句意可知,国际茶日是由联合国正式命名的。by可表示“由;被”。be named by表示“由……命名”。
2.the 考查冠词。上文提到了这个节日(国际茶日),此处是特指,故用定冠词the。
3.addressed 考查动词时态。中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上发表演讲。设空处作谓语,又与段尾的said相呼应,表示过去的动作,故用一般过去时。
4.largest 考查形容词最高级。在一个大范围内(此处指在世界范围内的各个国家中),表示“最”的概念时,应该填最高级。
5.responsibility 考查词性转换。空前有冠词a,此处应用可数名词的单数形式,故填responsibility。
6.shared 考查动词的非谓语形式。a shared future一个共同的未来。设空处修饰名词future,share和future之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作前置定语。
7.and 考查连词。此处意为“促进国际合作和文化交流”,设空处前后的名词短语为并列关系,因此用and。
8.To strengthen 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处表示目的,应填to strengthen作状语,表示“为了加强……”;因位置在句首,首字母要大写。
9.inviting 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处为现在分词作伴随状语。“活动”和“邀请”之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词。
10.its 考查代词。设空处与后文的first一起修饰名词exhibition,故用形容词性物主代词its。
02-2022全国甲
A visually challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step 1. (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2. lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3. (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4. friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5. (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6. (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40 day journey.
In the last five years, Cao 7. (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 8. (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers 9. Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10. (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章讲述的是一位盲人在朋友的陪伴下徒步40天从北京走到了西安并沿途做环保的经历。
1.to journey 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处journey是动词,意为“沿……旅行”,由于本句已出现谓语hiked,此处应用不定式作定语,修饰a first step。
2.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为人,关系词在从句中作主语,故用who。
3.held 考查动词的非谓语形式。hold与前面的the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation构成逻辑上的被动关系,因此用过去分词held作后置定语。
4.A 考查冠词。空后有单数可数名词friend,设空处表示“一个”,故用不定冠词a;设空处在句首,要大写。
5.protection 考查词性转换。environmental 为形容词,修饰名词,故填protect的名词形式。environmental protection意为“环境保护”。
6.meaningful 考查词性转换。even more可修饰形容词或者副词,结合空前的make the hiking trip可知设空处作宾语补足语,故用形容词。
7.has walked 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由前面的时间状语In the last five years可知,此处要用现在完成时,主语为第三人称单数,故填has walked。
8.highest 考查形容词最高级。由语境和常识可知,此处用highest表示“非洲最高的山”。
9.from 考查介词。此处表示从出发地到目的地,应用“from...to...”结构。
10.planning 考查动词的非谓语形式。本句已有谓语flew, 此空作伴随状语,plan与He为逻辑上的主动关系,故填planning。
2021
01-2021全国乙
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1. (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2. (develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 3. (it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 4. the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 5. growing popularity of environmentally related and adventure travel, various types 6. trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco friendly trip must meet the following principles:
●Minimize the impact of 7. (visit) the place.
●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
●Provide 8. (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
●Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 9. (activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim 10. (have)a low impact on the natural environment.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章讲述了生态旅游的情况。
1.educated 考查形容词。句意:它不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理条件还是文化特色方面,而且经常为保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。
2.development 考查名词。设空处前面是冠词the,后面是介词of,且该短语作动词benefits的宾语,因此需填develop的名词形式(development)。
3.its 考查代词。句意: 生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。设空处修饰名词,要用形容词性物主代词,因此使用it的形容词性物主代词形式(its)。
4.until 考查介词。句意:直到20世纪80年代末,作为一种旅游理念,它才被广泛接受。“not...until...”为固定结构,意为“直到……才……”。因此填until。
5.the 考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的旅行和冒险旅行越来越受欢迎,现在各种类型的旅行正被归类为生态旅游。设空处后的growing popularity在本句中表示特指,因此使用定冠词the。
6.of 考查介词。此处用of表所属关系,various types of为固定结构,意为“各种类型的……”。
7.visiting 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:尽量减少参观这个地方带来的影响。设空处作介词of的宾语,因此使用visit的动名词形式(visiting)。
8.financial 考查形容词。句意:为当地人提供财政援助和其他好处。设空处修饰名词aid,需用形容词,因此使用finance的形容词形式(financial)。
9.Activities 考查名词复数。句意:那里包含从观赏鲸鱼到远足的活动,膳宿力求对自然环境产生很低的影响。谓语动词range用的是复数形式,所以主语activity需用复数形式,因此使用activities。
10.to have 考查动词的非谓语形式。aim to do sth.力求做某事,因此使用不定式形式(to have)。
02-2021全国甲
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 1. (build) originally to protect the city 2. the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复). It is possible 3. (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 4. (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5. (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 6. (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 7. did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 8. way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9. (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10. (day) routines.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。作者主要以游客在西安城墙骑行的角度介绍了西安城墙。
1.was built 考查动词的时态和语态。此处表示“它被建造”。主语it与build为被动关系;再根据the Tang dynasty可知设空处需用一般过去时,故填一般过去时的被动语态(was built)。
2.in 考查介词。关注设空处的句法功能。设空处与后面的“the Tang dynasty”构成介词短语,意为“在唐朝”,故填介词in。
3.to walk 考查动词的非谓语形式。It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.为固定句式,故填to walk。
4.spending 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处表示“在花了一些时间看了城墙所有的防御设施后,我们决定该采取一些行动了”。设空处作介词after的宾语且主语we与spend为逻辑上的主动关系,故填动名词spending。
5.better 考查形容词。此处表示“有什么比在历史遗迹上骑行更好呢”。根据设空处后的“than”可知应在设空处填形容词的比较级形式(better)。
6.hired 考查动词的时态。句意:我们在南城门租车处租了自行车。根据后句My bike was old...中的was可知设空处需用一般过去时,故填hired。
7.but 考查连词。句意:我的自行车又旧又晃,但是还能工作。设空处前后为转折关系,故填连词but。
8.the 考查冠词。句意:我们一路环绕西安城墙花费了约3个小时。all the way为固定短语,意为:一路上。故填the。
9.watchtowers 考查名词复数。句意:据说你花2个小时就能游完,但是我们在不同的门、瞭望塔前停下来照相,或只是看当地人做他们的日常事务。根据and前的different gates可知设空处需填名词复数watchtowers。
10.daily 考查形容词。设空处作routines的定语,需用形容词形式,故填daily。
2020
01-2020全国Ⅰ
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang'e 4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—1. (touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is 2. (extreme) challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so 5. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e 4 6. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 7. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8. (construct).” Data about the moon's composition, such as how 9. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10. (it)plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了中国发射的嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆的重大事件。
1.touched 考查时态。句意:无人探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极—艾特肯盆地着陆。根据时间状语last week可知设空处需用一般过去时。
2.extremely 考查副词。句意:降落在月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。设空处作状语,修饰形容词challenging,需用副词形式。
3.where 考查定语从句。中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个位置,人造卫星可以在这个位置向航天器和地球发射信号。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为spot,将先行词代入定语从句后为:It could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth in the spot.设空处作地点状语,故填where。
4.interest 考查名词。月球背面尤其让科学家感兴趣。设空处作介词of的宾语,根据提示词可知设空处需填名词形式;此外“be of+抽象名词”也是固定结构。
5.than 考查介词。此处表示“因为它比人们熟悉的月球正面有更多的深环形山”。根据设空处前的more可知填介词than。
6.to find 考查不定式。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的器械来发现和研究南极—艾特肯盆地的地区。设空处作目的状语,主语Chinese researchers与find为逻辑上的主动关系,故填不定式的主动形式to find。
7.means 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境及设空处后宾语从句中的谓语动词have可知设空处需用一般现在时;主语it为第三人称单数,故填means。
8.is constructed 考查语态和主谓一致。句意:布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“这真的使科学家们激动,因为它意味着我们有机会获得有关月球的构建方式的信息。”主语the moon与construct为被动关系,故设空处需用被动语态,主语为the moon,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
9.much 考查限定词。句意:关于月亮构造的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国确定它未来的月球基地的计划是否可行。设空处后的名词ice作“冰”讲时为不可数名词,根据上下文可知设空处填much。
10.its 考查代词。设空处作名词plans的定语,故需用形容词性物主代词;根据提示词it可知设空处填its。
02-2020全国Ⅱ
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 1. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 3. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 4. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 5. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 6. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 7. health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 8. (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The 9. (beauty) long branches covered with pink colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 10. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国的新年标志着冬季的结束和春季的开始,因此春节期间用植物、水果、花朵装饰皆有特殊意义。文章还介绍了三种在中国受欢迎的植物:橘子树、竹子、梅花。
1.celebration 考查词性转换。句意:中国新年是一个标志着冬季结束和春季开始的庆祝活动。根据句子结构可知,设空处被前面的冠词a限定,作表语,需要用所给词的名词形式。故填celebration。
2.carries 考查主谓一致。句意:这就是用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。根据句子结构可知,设空处在从句中作谓语。由上下文可知,此处应使用一般现在时,且该从句的主语为前面的动名词短语“decorating with plants, fruits and flowers”,属于第三人称单数概念。故填carries。
3.coming 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的最好的祝愿。根据句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语动词represent的宾语,需使用所给词的动名词形式,the earth是其逻辑主语。故填coming。
4.than 考查固定搭配。句意:橘子树不仅仅是装饰品……。根据句子意思可知,设空处与前面的more连用,表示“不只是”。故填than。
5.decorated 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们被红包和好运的信息装饰着。根据句子结构可知,设空处与后面的介词短语一起作宾语them的补足语。them与所给词decorate之间为被动关系,需用过去分词。故填decorated。
6.Certainly 考查词性转换。句意:当然在假日期间,这种植物是必不可少的。根据句子结构可知,设空处作状语,修饰后面整句话,需用所给词的副词形式,故填Certainly。
7.with 考查固定搭配。句意:竹子与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。设空处与前面的are associated连用,表示“与……相关联的”。故填with。
8.to care 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:它们很容易打理,也很适合作为礼物。“be+表示难、易、好、坏等的形容词”,后面需用不定式的主动形式(to do)表示被动意思。故填to care。
9.beautiful 考查词性转换。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,这是极好的装饰。根据句子结构可知,设空处与long一起修饰后面的名词“branches”,需用所给词的形容词形式。故填beautiful。
10.the 考查定冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花树是第一个开花的。the first to do sth.表示“第一个去做……的”,需填定冠词the。
03-2020全国Ⅲ
In ancient China lived an artist 1. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2. (fine)work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 3. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 4. (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 5. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist, they smiled and 6. (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7. (find) the well known painter. As the small boat moved 8. (gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9. (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 10. earth, Mother Nature.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。中国古代有一位画家自以为艺术造诣很高,但是一次经历让他明白了什么是最伟大的画家。
1.whose 考查定语从句。句意:在中国古代有一位画家,他的画栩栩如生。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词an artist。将先行词代入从句后为:The artist's paintings were almost lifelike.由此可知引导词在从句中充当定语,所以要用关系代词whose。
2.finest 考查形容词。一天,皇上想找人给他画像,于是他召集来所有的优秀画家来展示他们最好的作品。根据语境可知此处应该用形容词的最高级形式,故填finest。
3.be chosen 考查动词的语态。这位画家确信自己会被选中。设空处是谓语动词,与he之间是被动关系,且情态动词would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
4.curiosity 考查名词。句意:心中充满了好奇,这位画家收拾好行囊就出发了。设空处充当with的宾语,所以要用所给词的名词形式。故填curiosity。
5.When/As 考查状语从句。当他向江岸上的村民们打听那位传奇画家住在哪里时,他们微笑。根据语境可知,设空处引导时间状语从句,要用when或as,注意首字母要大写。
6.pointed 考查动词的时态。他们微笑并指向江的下游。并列连词and连接两个谓语动词:smiled和pointed,时态需保持一致。
7.to find 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船动身去寻找那位知名的画家。set out to do sth.开始做某事,着手做某事。
8.gently 考查副词。句意:当小船顺着江缓缓移动时,群山在水中的沉默的倒影使他说不出话来。设空处单词修饰as引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词moved,所以要用其副词形式。故填gently。
9.surrounding 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:当他看到雾从江上升起,柔软的云围绕着山顶时,他流下了眼泪。设空处是动词的非谓语形式作宾补,surround与宾语soft clouds之间是主动关系,要用v. ing形式。故填surrounding。
10.on 考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终在世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然面前感到惭愧。固定搭配on earth相当于in the world“在世界上”。
2019
01-2019课标全国Ⅰ
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidence 1. they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2. (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 3. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid 1980s, and are expensive 4. (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5. (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6. (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7. (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 8. (high) than they actually are. Of 9. nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10. (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了北极熊的分布区域和北极熊数量的变化情况。
1.that 考查同位语从句。虽然在北纬88度以北很少见到北极熊,但是有证据表明它们在整个北极地区活动,向南甚至远到加拿大的詹姆斯湾。设空处引导同位语从句,说明evidence的内容,该从句不缺少任何成分,所以要用that引导。
2.poorly 考查副词。因为对许多区域调查得不够充分,所以很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。设空处单词修饰动词studied,故用其副词形式poorly。
3.of/for 考查介词。现代化的跟踪调查北极熊数量的方法在20世纪80年代中期才开始被采用。methods of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。
4.to perform 考查不定式。这些方法大面积持续使用起来费用很高。此处为“sth. be+adj.+to do”结构,其中不定式作状语,用主动形式表被动意义。
5.have reported 考查动词时态和主谓一致。最近几年,生活在Nunavut的一些因纽特人报告说他们在人类居住区周围看到北极熊的次数增加了。设空处是句子的谓语动词,根据时间状语In recent years可知,时态为现在完成时,主语some Inuit people为复数形式,故填have reported。
6.belief 考查名词。这些报告使人们相信北极熊的数量正在增长。设空处作leading to的宾语,且前面有不定冠词a修饰,故用所给动词的名词形式belief。
7.noting 考查动词的非谓语形式。科学家们对此作出了回应,他们指出饥饿的北极熊可能正在人类的定居点附近聚集。设空处作介词by的宾语,故用v. ing形式,即by doing sth.通过做某事。
8.higher 考查比较级。这就造成了北极熊数量比它们实际数量要多的错觉。根据空后的than可知,此处要用形容词的比较级形式higher。
9.the 考查冠词。句意:在被认出来的19个北极熊亚群中,有3个数量在降低,有6个是稳定的,1个在增加,还有9个缺少足够的数据。设空处在本句中表示特指,故填定冠词the。
10.are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据设空处前后与本空并列的谓语动词的时态可知,本空需用一般现在时;主语是six(subpopulations),故填are。
02-2019课标全国Ⅱ
A 90 year old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1. (be) Britain's oldest full time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2. she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3. (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 4. (declare) she had no plans 5. (retire) from her 36 year old business. Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6. (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 7. because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We don't have any idea who put Grandma forward. When we got a call 8. (say) she was short listed, we thought it was 9. joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 10. (wonder).”
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了90岁的英国全职员工Irene Astbury坚持每天朝九晚五地在自己和丈夫开的宠物店上班而荣获“年度女性”称号的感人故事。
1.being 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:一位90岁的老人因其是英国年龄最大的全职员工而被授予“年度女性”称号,她仍然每周工作40小时。设空处作前面介词for的宾语,故此处需填名词或动名词形式。
2.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:现在,Irene Astbury每天早上9点到下午5点在Macclesfield的宠物店工作,这家店是她与已故的丈夫Les共同开的。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the pet shop。将先行词代入定语从句后为:She opened the pet shop with her late husband Les.由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,且指“事物”,故填which。
3.finally 考查副词。此处表示“她多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可”。根据文章中的句子结构可知,设空处修饰谓语动词,作状语,需要用所给词的副词形式。
4.declared 考查时态。句意:自豪的Irene在领取“终身成就奖”时宣布,她不打算离开经营了36年的生意。设空处作proud Irene的谓语动词。后面的she had no plans...为宾语从句。根据上下文可知,设空处应该为一般过去时。
5.to retire 考查动词的非谓语形式。设空处作前面名词plans的定语。名词plan, ability等后面多用不定式作定语。
6.have made 考查时态。此处表示“我喜欢到这里来见我的家人和我这些年来交到的所有朋友”。根据后面的时间状语over the years可知,设空处应该用现在完成时。
7.but 考查连词。此处表示“我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作”。设空处与前面的not构成“not...but...(不是……而是……)”结构。
8.saying 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处表示“当我们接到说她入围了的电话时,我们以为这是个玩笑”。设空处作a call的后置定语。名词call与动词say之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填现在分词saying,相当于which said。
9.a 考查冠词。joke为可数名词,意为“玩笑”,在此处表示泛指。
10.wonderful 考查形容词。此处表示“这太棒了”。设空处作前面系动词is的表语,表示It的特征。
03-2019课标全国Ⅲ
On our way to the house, it was raining 1. hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 2. (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3. dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4. had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5. (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6. (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8. (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week long stay, we 9. (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10. (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。作者一行人冒雨来到了游玩的目的地,在这里作者受到了主人的热情接待。
1.so 考查副词。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁想知道还要多久才能到达那里。此处为“so+adv.+that...”结构,意为:如此……以至于……,其中that引导结果状语从句。
2.to get 考查动词的非谓语形式。It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。
3.of 考查介词。此处表示“首先迎接我们的是一群狗的叫声”。a pack of dogs一群狗。
4.who 考查定语从句。句意:它们被它们的主人训练得很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词their masters。将先行词代入定语从句后为:Their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.关系词在从句中作主语。
5.recommended 考查动词的时态。句意:主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。设空处与前面的shared是并列连词and连接的两个并列的谓语动词,也应用一般过去时。
6.competition 考查名词。句意:当他们下班后,邀请我们参加当地的活动,让我们了解要观看的有意思的比赛以及背后的故事。设空处作know of的宾语,结合空前的an interesting可知,此处应该用所给词的名词形式。
7.traditional 考查形容词。句意:他们还与我们分享了许多深受游客欢迎的夏威夷传统故事。设空处修饰后面的名词,故用所给词的形容词形式。
8.hugely 考查副词。设空处修饰后面的形容词,故用程度副词hugely。
9.were invited 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天,我们应邀在北海岸一个美丽的农场参加了一场星空下的私人音乐会,聆听音乐家的演奏,并会见了有趣的当地人。设空处是句子的谓语动词,由语境可知时态应为一般过去时,该动作与主语we之间是被动关系,故填were invited。
10.listening 考查动词的非谓语形式。设空处在此处作状语,表示伴随状况。该动作与主语we之间在逻辑上是主动关系。另外,由此处与and后的meeting的并列关系也可快速判断出此处应用现在分词形式。
2018
01-2018课标全国Ⅰ
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1. (long)than non runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 2. (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3. (die)early by running.
While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 4. (be)more effective at lengthening life 5. walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7. (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8. (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 9. (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10. a try.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。
1.longer 考查副词的比较级。句意:根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告,跑步者比不跑步者的寿命要长3年。根据题干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式,故填longer。
2.to see 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:你不必跑得很快、很久就能看到好处。由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动式to see。
3.dying 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重,但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的风险。介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语,根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。
4.is 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比,跑步对延长寿命更有效。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论,需用一般现在时;再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。
5.than 考查介词。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than。
6.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究,这项研究表明每天只跑步5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病或由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。先行词为study,指“物”;将先行词代入定语从句后为:The study showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and...由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
7.causes 考查名词的“数”。cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知设空处填名词复数形式,故填causes。
8.strengthen 考查词性转换。句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强你的腿部肌肉……。设空处作目的状语,需用不定式形式,故在不定式符号to后填动词原形strengthen。
9.energetic 考查形容词。设空处作表语,表示主语的特征,故填形容词energetic。
10.it/running 考查代词或名词。句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的收益,因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it代替上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。
02-2018课标全国Ⅱ
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1. (grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2. past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 3. (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4. (improve)water quality. Corn uses less water 5. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run off. This switch has decreased 6. (pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7. (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 8. (start) a soil testing program 9. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 10. (feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。自2011年以来,随着中国人的饮食结构的变化,在中国种植玉米的数量显著增加,而种植水稻的数量下降了。
1.has grown 句意:自2011年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。本题考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填has grown。
2.the 句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。本题考查冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。
3.actually 句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:中国的玉米很重要的一个作用就是用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。本题考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,故用actual的副词形式actually。
4.to improve 句意:玉米产量增长的另一个原因:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高水质。本题考查动词的非谓语形式作状语。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的,故使用动词不定式作目的状语。
5.than 句意:玉米用水量比水稻少,造成更少的化肥流失。本题考查介词。根据句中的less可知,此处表示比较,故使用介词than。
6.pollution 句意:这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更安全了。本题考查名词。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。
7.global 句意:根据世界银行的统计,中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。本题考查形容词。空格处作fertilizer consumption的定语,故使用globe的形容词形式global。
8.started 句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年政府启动了土壤检测项目,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。本题考查时态。关系副词when=in 2005,由此可知此处使用一般过去时。
9.that/which 本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为program,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故使用关系代词that或which。
10.feeding 本题考查动词的非谓语形式作状语。名词China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使用现在分词作时间状语。
03-2018课标全国Ⅲ
I'm not sure 1. is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face to face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2. top
2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类
语法填空
新高考卷（2020—2023）
2023
01-2023新课标Ⅰ
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, 1. (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2. (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), 3. to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
Shanghai may be the 4. (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. There, you’ll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 5. hand rather than rolled.
Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6. (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7. (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8. touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 9. (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left 10.(want) more next time.
答案
语篇解读 本文是说明文，主题语境为饮食文化。本文主要讲了小笼包的构造、味道和发源地。
1. tasty 考查词性转换。句意：小笼包（灌汤包），精致的包子皮包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和香喷喷的新鲜肉馅，无疑是我最爱的中国街边食物。设空处修饰名词soup，所以用形容词tasty。
2. to bite 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你就必须决定是先咬一小口，让热气散发，同时冒着溢出汤汁的风险，还是把整个包子都放进嘴里，让热汤汁在你的舌尖爆开。本句已有谓语have to decide，设空处与whether连用构成“wh-词+不定式”结构，作decide的宾语，故填to bite。
3. or 考查连词。句意参见上题解析。此处为whether...or...结构，意为“是……还是……”。
4. recognized 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包的发源地，但是食物历史学家会向你指出上海周边的古运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。设空处位于定冠词后、名词前，应使用非谓语形式作定语。设空处与被修饰词home构成被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，故填recognized。
5. by 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的做法不同——皮厚汤少——皮是手工压制的而不是擀的。by hand意为“用手工”。
6. to be lifted 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有精细的皮，这就使它们能从笼里被提出而不会裂开或者漏馅儿。此处为allow sb./sth. to do sth.结构，to do作宾补，此处表达小笼包被提起，设空处与宾语them构成被动关系，应使用不定式的被动式。故填to be lifted。
7. their 考查代词。句意参见上题解析。设空处修饰名词contents，指代xiao long bao,所以需要用形容词性物主代词their。
8. a 考查冠词。 句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一股香味，包裹的汤汁热气腾腾、清澈透亮又美味无比。a touch of表示“一点，些许”。
9. rarely 考查词性转换。句意：不管我在哪里买，一笼极少够吃，但是两笼又好像多了，所以我总是想下次吃更多。设空处作状语，所以要用副词形式。
10. wanting 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题解析。“leave+宾语+doing”意为“使某人处于……状态”。
02-2023新课标Ⅱ
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach...the animals
Since June 2017, right before the 1. (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2. (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3.
Not the pandas, even though 4. language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 . (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6. (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7. they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning 8. (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9. to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
答案
语篇解读 本文是记叙文，主题语境为社会服务与人际沟通，讲述了作者因柏林动物园租借中国大熊猫而教饲养员英语的经历，这段经历间接实现了作者儿时想要成为动物饲养员的梦想。
1. arrival 考查词性转换。句意：自2017年6月以来，正好在梦梦和娇庆两只新的大熊猫到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的大熊猫饲养员，让他们在说英语时感到更加放松和自信。设空处作介词before的宾语，位于冠词之后、介词of之前，应该使用名词形式。故填arrival。
2. confident 考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。设空处与comfortable并列，作feel的表语，应该使用形容词形式。故填confident。
3. to/with 考查介词。句意：他们和谁讲英语？与speak搭配的应该是介词to/with。故填to或with。
4. the 考查冠词。language后面有后置定语，此处特指医疗培训指令使用的语言，应该使用定冠词。故填the。
5. visiting 考查词性转换。句意：他们和许多国际游客以及来访的中国动物饲养员交谈，这些饲养员经常来查看大熊猫，这些大熊猫是从中国借出的。设空处修饰Chinese zookeepers，应该使用形容词形式，意为“访问的，客座的”。故填visiting。
6. interviews 考查名词的复数形式。句意：他们也需准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。interview是可数名词，前面没有冠词或形容词性物主代词限定，应使用复数形式。故填interviews。
7. why 考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么他们需要一位英语培训师。空后成分完整，空前为系动词is，故设空处引导表语从句，解释需要英语培训师的原因。故填why。
8. Basically 考查词性转换。句意：基本上，（学习）如何描述大熊猫的生活。设空处修饰后面整个句子，应该使用副词形式。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。
9. and 考查并列连词。句意：看到这个大熊猫项目发展以及看到大熊猫们在新家安顿下来是一种荣耀。设空处后面的to see与设空处前面的to watch并列。故填and。
10. wished 考查动词的时态。句意：当我是个小女孩时，我希望长大后能成为一名动物饲养员。根据前面的As a little girl以及后面的grew up可知设空处应该使用一般过去时。故填wished。
2022
01-2022新高考Ⅰ
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 1. (cover) an area about three times 2. size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3. (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4. (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 5. (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity(原真性) and integrity of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 6. leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”. The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7. (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 8. (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 9. an umbrella species, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10. live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。大熊猫国家公园的建立不仅能保护大熊猫,而且能够促进该区域所有物种的健康发展。
1.Covering 考查动词的非谓语形式。the GPNP与设空处为逻辑上的主动关系,且设空处位于句首,故用cover的现在分词形式(Covering),意为“占地……”。
2.the 考查冠词。倍数的表达方法:倍数+the+名词(size/length...)+of。
3.were 考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知,此处是that引导的定语从句。根据空格前的先行词areas及空格后面的previously unprotected 可知,此处填were,构成一般过去时的被动语态。
4.to increase 考查动词的非谓语形式。根据句意可知,把很多现存的大熊猫保护区统一管理起来是为了提高效率和减少不一致的管理。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
5.is designed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句表述事实,故用一般现在时;此处与主语构成被动关系,表示“大熊猫国家公园被设计来反映……的指导原则”,故用被动语态;主语The GPNP为第三人称单数,故填is designed。
6.and 考查并列连词。leaving behind...与protecting the authenticity...、preserving biological...、protecting ecological...是顺承关系,作of的宾语。
7.populations 考查名词。根据空格后的and homes可知,此处需要填名词复数形式。
8.eventually 考查副词。设空处修饰achieve,用副词形式。
9.as 考查固定搭配。serve as 充当,担当。
10.that 考查定语从句。从句中缺主语,先行词是the species,且先行词前有all修饰,关系词用that。
02-2022新高考Ⅱ
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2 metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 1. (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
2. Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 3. (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 4. (see) them. When he looked down, he 5. (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 6. screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 7. (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 8. (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
“He saved my 9. (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don't know 10. to thank him.”
“I just didn't want the boy to be hurt,” said Henry.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章讲述了一位叫Henry的小伙子勇敢、及时地救下从阳台跌落的孩子的事迹。
1.falling 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处为现在分词作定语,表示“正在跌落的孩子”,因此用falling。
2.The 考查冠词。The Brown family表示“布朗一家”,故用定冠词The。
3.asleep 考查词性转换。动词转换为形容词。设空处与fell(fall)构成固定搭配fall asleep,意为“睡着,入睡”。
4.to see 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处为不定式作状语。前面一系列动作的目的是“看见”,因此填to see。
5.accidentally 考查词性转换。形容词转换为副词。Eric本想向外看,却“意外地”滑落,此处用副词修饰动词,填accidentally。
6.and 考查连词。本句中hung on与screamed是两个顺承的动作,故填并列连词and。
7.was fixing 考查动词时态和主谓一致。be doing...when 表示一个动作正在进行,这时另一个动作突然发生。语境为Henry正在修车,这时他突然听到尖叫声。全文整体时态为过去时态且主语为第三人称单数,故填was fixing。
8.threw 考查动词时态。本句体现救人的动作。设空处与and后面的started并列,作本句的谓语。全文整体时态为过去时态,故填过去式threw。
9.son's 考查名词所有格。他救了“我”儿子的性命。save one's life为固定短语,意为“挽救某人的生命”。故填所有格son's。
10.how 考查与不定式连用的疑问词。设空处与后面的不定式构成固定结构,在本句中作know的宾语,意为“不知道如何感谢他”,因此填how。
2021
01-2021新高考Ⅰ
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”. 1. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out of this world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2. (human)are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3. (undoubted)help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 4. (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5. (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6. (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 7. offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8. (ache)legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 9. (I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10. must to visit!
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。作者主要描述了自己游览黄山的经历。
1.What 本题考查名词性从句。句意:这次经历的激动人心之处在于这极美的景色。“ is so breathtaking about the experience”为主语从句,该从句中缺少主语,且设空处表示“事物”,故填What。
2.humans 本题考查名词的“数”。句意:一旦你站在山顶上,你看到的滚滚云海会提醒你,我们人类是多么渺小。设空处作“we”的同位语,且设空处后的谓语动词是“are”,由此可知,设空处需填名词复数形式,故填humans。
3.undoubtedly 本题考查副词。句意:毫无疑问,它会帮助你恢复精力!设空处作状语,需用副词形式,故填undoubtedly。
4.hotter 本题考查形容词。句意:这个温泉的神奇之处在于(周围环境的)温度越低,这个温泉的温度就越高!根据本句中的“the colder the temperature gets”可知在设空处填hotter。
5.astonished 本题考查动词的非谓语形式作宾补。句意:但是大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。设空处作宾补,意为:感到惊讶的,故填astonished。
6.was 本题考查时态。句意:你会不禁想到当时的人们把那些石头铺好是多么困难。根据本句中的“for the people then to put all those rocks into place”可推知设空处介绍的是过去的情况,需用一般过去时,故填was。
7.and 本题考查连词。句意:虽然这是你在上山路上见到的唯一非自然景观,但它仍然是整个险途中的亮点,并给(由于爬山)腿疼的旅客提供了一个歇脚的地方。设空处前后的谓语动词“highlights”与“offers”为递进关系,故填并列连词and。
8.aching 本题考查动词的非谓语形式作定语。设空处作定语,修饰legs。被修饰词legs与ache为逻辑上的主动关系,故填现在分词aching。
9.mine 本题考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长并曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。它肯定会留在“我”的记忆中。设空处填mine代替my memory。
10.a 本题考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一定要去参观的!设空处后的must为名词,意为:必须做的事。在本句中must表示泛指,需与不定冠词连用,故填a。
02-2021新高考Ⅱ
I've always loved the ocean. In the 1. (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 2. (think)it is food.
I decided to do something 3. (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 4. used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管). I found the contact information of the company 5. emailed its president. I told him how 6. (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco friendly options. I was so 7. (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 8. (be) Alaska Airlines. A company 9. (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 10. plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,介绍了作者为减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
1.seventh 考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加利福尼亚州的蒙特雷湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词。
2.thinking 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。
3.to educate 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们了解这个问题。空格处作目的状语,故填to educate。
4.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我得知有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少塑料的使用。定语从句的先行词为a company,设空处在定语从句中作主语,指物,故填which或that。
5.and 考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用and连接两个并列的谓语动词。
6.harmful 考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境多么有害,并请他考虑使用更环保的选择方案。该处为“how+adj.”结构,故填harmful。
7.excited 考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was的表语,用形容词,修饰人,表示“兴奋的”,故填excited。
8.was 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写过信的最大的公司之一是阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构后谓语动词用单数,故填was。
9.representative 考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,故填representative。
10.from 考查介词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班上的塑料杯换成纸杯。 from...to...从……到……。
2020
01-2020新高考Ⅰ
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 1. (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 2. until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 3. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 4. opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 5. (call)galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection 6. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 7. (they)living at a different time in history or 8. (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 9. (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 10. people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了博物馆藏品的由来、藏品的展览方式以及博物馆给人们提供的各种体验。
1.wealthy 考查形容词。句意:在18世纪和19世纪,富裕的人们旅游的同时也收集植物、有历史的东西和艺术品。设空处作people的定语,此处用形容词作定语,故填wealthy。
2.or 考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到藏品变得太多或者他们去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据句意可知,设空处前后两个时间状语从句为选择关系,故用or。
3.formed 考查动词的时态。句意:例如,Hans Sloane爵士收集的八万件藏品成了大英博物馆的核心藏品,该博物馆于1759年开放。设空处的动词作谓语,根据语境可知应使用一般过去时态,故填formed。
4.which/that 考查定语从句。设空处为引导定语从句的关系词,先行词是the British Museum,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The British Museum opened in 1759,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填which或that。
5.are called 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为展览馆或展览室。设空处的动词作谓语,因为陈述客观事实,所以应该使用一般现在时态。主语the parts of a museum和动词call之间为被动关系且表示复数概念,故填are called。
6.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆的藏品只有一小部分被展出。设空处的动词作谓语,因为陈述客观事实,所以应该使用一般现在时态。主语为单数概念,故填is。
7.themselves 考查代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客(还)可以玩电脑模拟(游戏),想象他们自己生活在一个不同的历史时期或漫步在热带雨林中。设空处作imagine的宾语,当主语visitors 和宾语是同一群人时,要用反身代词作动词imagine的宾语。
8.walking 考查动词的非谓语形式。设空处与前面的living并列。故填walking。
9.accuracy 考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要但是娱乐也很重要。设空处在句中作主语,故填accuracy。
10.for 考查介词。句意:为了(获取)人们的闲暇时间和金钱,博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动展开竞争。compete for意为“争夺”。故填for。
02-2020新高考Ⅱ
These days, it is not unusual for 10 to 12 year olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 1. (begin)computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 2. (education)computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know how has become a 3. (require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most 4. (profession).
The Digital World is a set of volumes 5. aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores 6. wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 7. discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics 8. (be)practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers 9. (encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of 10. (we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版背景和目的等方面的信息。
1.to begin 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见。本题考查“it is +adj.+ for sb. to do sth.”结构,该结构中it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。
2.educational 考查词性转化。此处表示“主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发寓教于乐的电脑程序”。修饰名词computer programs,需用形容词形式。
3.requirement 考查词性转化。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后可接名词作宾语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式。
4.professions 考查名词的数。 名词profession为可数名词,根据前面的修饰词most可知应使用其复数形式。
5.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。设空处为引导定语从句的关系词,先行词是volumes,将先行词代入定语从句后为:A set of volumes aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.关系词在定语从句中作主语,指物。
6.a 考查冠词。句意:丛书中的每卷都探索了各种材料、解释数字系统的主要应用程序的基本概念并讨论了它们对日常生活的影响。a range of一系列。wide的发音以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。
7.and 考查连词。discusses与explores和explains并列。
8.is 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个样本,并解释技术的基本原理。the number of... 表示“……的数目”,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。
9.are encouraged 考查时态和语态。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的“参考资料”部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。
10.our 考查代词。修饰Further Resources section,应用形容词性物主代词。
课标全国卷（2014—2023）
2023
01-2023全国乙
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 1. royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 2. (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3. welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 4. (wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast(反差）that shouldn’t work, 5. somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 6. (visit)several times over the last 10 years, I 7. (amaze)by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产）while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 8. (record)everything I discovered.
The 9. (remark)development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10. (mean)there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
答案
语篇解读 本文是说明文，主题语境为社会进步与人类文明。文章主要介绍了北京是一座结合了古代和现代的城市，成功地将古代的遗产与现代化的发展融合起来。
1. to 考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3,000多年的辉煌历史，甚至单从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。短语from...to...意为“从……到……”。故填to。
2. built 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题解析。build与system of ring roads为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填built。
易错警示 该空易误填building。building system意为“建筑系统”，该短语为名词短语，不可用副词carefully来修饰。
3. that/which 考查定语从句。句意：除了它的全部古建筑，北京也是一个乐意接纳现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇观与过去的历史建筑并存。设空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为表示事物的名词place，故填that或which。
4. wonders 考查名词的复数形式。句意参见上题解析。形容词architectural后接名词，wonder意为“奇观”，为可数名词，故用其复数形式。故填wonders。
5. but/yet 考查连词。句意：这是一种鲜明的视觉对比，本来是行不通的，但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。设空处前后为转折关系，故填but或yet。
6. Having visited 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：在过去的10年里，我已经参观了几次，我惊讶于新旧共存，以及一个城市如何能在不断发展的同时保存如此丰富的遗产。设空处为非谓语形式作状语，逻辑主语I与动词visit之间为主动关系，又根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知，此处应该用现在分词的完成式，并且该空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Having visited。
7. was amazed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意参见上题解析。设空处作句子谓语，空前提到在过去的10年里，“我”已经参观了几次，所以此处应是过去感到惊讶，应用一般过去时，又因主语I与动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是I，故填was amazed。
8. recording 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：作为一名摄影师，我把过去的两年时间用于记录我发现的一切。本句已有谓语动词have spent，设空处应用动词的非谓语形式。spend time (in) doing sth. 为固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”。故填recording。
9. remarkable 考查词性转换。句意：这座城市的显著发展是有意设计的，目的是在步入现代世界的同时保护过去，这意味着这里总是有新的东西等待被发现，我可能会在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。形容词修饰名词development，故填remarkable，意为“非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的”。
10. means 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意参见上题解析。设空处作句子的谓语。该句的主语The remarkable development of this city为单数形式，而且该句描述的是客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。故填means。
02-2023全国甲
For thousands of years, people have told fables（寓言） 1. （teach）a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2. (six) century B.C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fables. In fact, her style and tone（口吻） are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America 4. all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins, 5. (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6. (intend) for everyone.
7. (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8. saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9. (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10. (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文，主题语境为文学名著，主要介绍了Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中使用简单、直接的风格来警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须负责拯救自己的环境。
1. to teach 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲述寓言故事来给人教训或传承智慧。本句已有谓语have told，设空处应用动词的非谓语形式作目的状语，故应使用动词不定式。也可以根据并列连词or与其后面的“to pass on wisdom”确定使用动词不定式。故填to teach。
2. sixth 考查序数词。句意：寓言是许多口头流传的早期文化的一部分，著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前六世纪。此处表达“公元前六世纪”，应使用序数词。故填sixth。
3. as 考查关系词。句意：然而，正如Rachel Carson在她的《明天的寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。根据句子结构可以判断，设空处前面是主句，设空处引导定语从句；这里表示“正如，正像”，应用as引导定语从句。故填as。
4. where 考查定语从句。句意：“在美国的中心地带曾经有个城镇，在这个城镇里，所有的生命似乎都能与周围的环境和平共处”，她的寓言是这样开头的，从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的话语。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为town(指地点)，关系词在从句中作状语，相当于in the town。故填where。
5. borrowing 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题。本句已有谓语begins，设空处应用动词的非谓语形式作状语，所给提示词borrow与逻辑主语her fable之间是主动关系，应使用动词-ing形式。故填borrowing。
6. intended 考查形容词。句意：然而，在这种简单的风格背后是所有人都需要认真思考的信息。本句有系动词is和主语a serious message，此处为形容词短语作定语，修饰message。intended for sb.意为“为某人打算（或设计）的”。故填intended。
7. Different 考查词性转换。句意：与传统的寓言不同，Carson的故事以谴责结束，而不是教益。different from为固定搭配，意为“与……不同”。故填Different。
8. for 考查介词。句意：她警告（人们）社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须负责拯救自己的环境。take responsibility for doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“承担做某事的责任”。故填 for。
9. warning 考查词性转换。句意：然而，Carson的主题是一种更为沉重的对环境破坏的警告。根据设空处前面的a more weighty（冠词+形容词比较级）和后面的介词about可以确定此空应该用名词。故填warning。
10. be employed 考查被动语态。句意：Carson证明，一种世代相传的简单文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要事实的关注。设空处作谓语，宾语从句的主语a simple literary form与所给提示词employ构成被动关系，应使用被动语态。该空位于情态动词can后，故填be employed。
2022
01-2022全国乙
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 1. the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 2. festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 3. (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 4. (large) tea producing country, China has a 5. (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 6. (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 7. cultural exchanges. A four year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
8. (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 9. (invite) twenty nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 10. (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。联合国设立国际茶日,为庆祝此节日,中国开展了一系列活动。
1.by 考查介词。由句意可知,国际茶日是由联合国正式命名的。by可表示“由;被”。be named by表示“由……命名”。
2.the 考查冠词。上文提到了这个节日(国际茶日),此处是特指,故用定冠词the。
3.addressed 考查动词时态。中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上发表演讲。设空处作谓语,又与段尾的said相呼应,表示过去的动作,故用一般过去时。
4.largest 考查形容词最高级。在一个大范围内(此处指在世界范围内的各个国家中),表示“最”的概念时,应该填最高级。
5.responsibility 考查词性转换。空前有冠词a,此处应用可数名词的单数形式,故填responsibility。
6.shared 考查动词的非谓语形式。a shared future一个共同的未来。设空处修饰名词future,share和future之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作前置定语。
7.and 考查连词。此处意为“促进国际合作和文化交流”,设空处前后的名词短语为并列关系,因此用and。
8.To strengthen 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处表示目的,应填to strengthen作状语,表示“为了加强……”;因位置在句首,首字母要大写。
9.inviting 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处为现在分词作伴随状语。“活动”和“邀请”之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词。
10.its 考查代词。设空处与后文的first一起修饰名词exhibition,故用形容词性物主代词its。
02-2022全国甲
A visually challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step 1. (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2. lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3. (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4. friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5. (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6. (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40 day journey.
In the last five years, Cao 7. (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 8. (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers 9. Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10. (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章讲述的是一位盲人在朋友的陪伴下徒步40天从北京走到了西安并沿途做环保的经历。
1.to journey 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处journey是动词,意为“沿……旅行”,由于本句已出现谓语hiked,此处应用不定式作定语,修饰a first step。
2.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为人,关系词在从句中作主语,故用who。
3.held 考查动词的非谓语形式。hold与前面的the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation构成逻辑上的被动关系,因此用过去分词held作后置定语。
4.A 考查冠词。空后有单数可数名词friend,设空处表示“一个”,故用不定冠词a;设空处在句首,要大写。
5.protection 考查词性转换。environmental 为形容词,修饰名词,故填protect的名词形式。environmental protection意为“环境保护”。
6.meaningful 考查词性转换。even more可修饰形容词或者副词,结合空前的make the hiking trip可知设空处作宾语补足语,故用形容词。
7.has walked 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由前面的时间状语In the last five years可知,此处要用现在完成时,主语为第三人称单数,故填has walked。
8.highest 考查形容词最高级。由语境和常识可知,此处用highest表示“非洲最高的山”。
9.from 考查介词。此处表示从出发地到目的地,应用“from...to...”结构。
10.planning 考查动词的非谓语形式。本句已有谓语flew, 此空作伴随状语,plan与He为逻辑上的主动关系,故填planning。
2021
01-2021全国乙
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1. (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 2. (develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 3. (it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 4. the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 5. growing popularity of environmentally related and adventure travel, various types 6. trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco friendly trip must meet the following principles:
●Minimize the impact of 7. (visit) the place.
●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
●Provide 8. (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
●Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 9. (activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim 10. (have)a low impact on the natural environment.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章讲述了生态旅游的情况。
1.educated 考查形容词。句意:它不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理条件还是文化特色方面,而且经常为保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。
2.development 考查名词。设空处前面是冠词the,后面是介词of,且该短语作动词benefits的宾语,因此需填develop的名词形式(development)。
3.its 考查代词。句意: 生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。设空处修饰名词,要用形容词性物主代词,因此使用it的形容词性物主代词形式(its)。
4.until 考查介词。句意:直到20世纪80年代末,作为一种旅游理念,它才被广泛接受。“not...until...”为固定结构,意为“直到……才……”。因此填until。
5.the 考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的旅行和冒险旅行越来越受欢迎,现在各种类型的旅行正被归类为生态旅游。设空处后的growing popularity在本句中表示特指,因此使用定冠词the。
6.of 考查介词。此处用of表所属关系,various types of为固定结构,意为“各种类型的……”。
7.visiting 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:尽量减少参观这个地方带来的影响。设空处作介词of的宾语,因此使用visit的动名词形式(visiting)。
8.financial 考查形容词。句意:为当地人提供财政援助和其他好处。设空处修饰名词aid,需用形容词,因此使用finance的形容词形式(financial)。
9.Activities 考查名词复数。句意:那里包含从观赏鲸鱼到远足的活动,膳宿力求对自然环境产生很低的影响。谓语动词range用的是复数形式,所以主语activity需用复数形式,因此使用activities。
10.to have 考查动词的非谓语形式。aim to do sth.力求做某事,因此使用不定式形式(to have)。
02-2021全国甲
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 1. (build) originally to protect the city 2. the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复). It is possible 3. (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 4. (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5. (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 6. (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 7. did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 8. way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9. (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10. (day) routines.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。作者主要以游客在西安城墙骑行的角度介绍了西安城墙。
1.was built 考查动词的时态和语态。此处表示“它被建造”。主语it与build为被动关系;再根据the Tang dynasty可知设空处需用一般过去时,故填一般过去时的被动语态(was built)。
2.in 考查介词。关注设空处的句法功能。设空处与后面的“the Tang dynasty”构成介词短语,意为“在唐朝”,故填介词in。
3.to walk 考查动词的非谓语形式。It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.为固定句式,故填to walk。
4.spending 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处表示“在花了一些时间看了城墙所有的防御设施后,我们决定该采取一些行动了”。设空处作介词after的宾语且主语we与spend为逻辑上的主动关系,故填动名词spending。
5.better 考查形容词。此处表示“有什么比在历史遗迹上骑行更好呢”。根据设空处后的“than”可知应在设空处填形容词的比较级形式(better)。
6.hired 考查动词的时态。句意:我们在南城门租车处租了自行车。根据后句My bike was old...中的was可知设空处需用一般过去时,故填hired。
7.but 考查连词。句意:我的自行车又旧又晃,但是还能工作。设空处前后为转折关系,故填连词but。
8.the 考查冠词。句意:我们一路环绕西安城墙花费了约3个小时。all the way为固定短语,意为:一路上。故填the。
9.watchtowers 考查名词复数。句意:据说你花2个小时就能游完,但是我们在不同的门、瞭望塔前停下来照相,或只是看当地人做他们的日常事务。根据and前的different gates可知设空处需填名词复数watchtowers。
10.daily 考查形容词。设空处作routines的定语,需用形容词形式,故填daily。
2020
01-2020全国Ⅰ
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang'e 4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—1. (touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is 2. (extreme) challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so 5. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e 4 6. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 7. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8. (construct).” Data about the moon's composition, such as how 9. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10. (it)plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要讲述了中国发射的嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆的重大事件。
1.touched 考查时态。句意:无人探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极—艾特肯盆地着陆。根据时间状语last week可知设空处需用一般过去时。
2.extremely 考查副词。句意:降落在月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。设空处作状语,修饰形容词challenging,需用副词形式。
3.where 考查定语从句。中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个位置,人造卫星可以在这个位置向航天器和地球发射信号。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为spot,将先行词代入定语从句后为:It could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth in the spot.设空处作地点状语,故填where。
4.interest 考查名词。月球背面尤其让科学家感兴趣。设空处作介词of的宾语,根据提示词可知设空处需填名词形式;此外“be of+抽象名词”也是固定结构。
5.than 考查介词。此处表示“因为它比人们熟悉的月球正面有更多的深环形山”。根据设空处前的more可知填介词than。
6.to find 考查不定式。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的器械来发现和研究南极—艾特肯盆地的地区。设空处作目的状语,主语Chinese researchers与find为逻辑上的主动关系,故填不定式的主动形式to find。
7.means 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境及设空处后宾语从句中的谓语动词have可知设空处需用一般现在时;主语it为第三人称单数,故填means。
8.is constructed 考查语态和主谓一致。句意:布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“这真的使科学家们激动,因为它意味着我们有机会获得有关月球的构建方式的信息。”主语the moon与construct为被动关系,故设空处需用被动语态,主语为the moon,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
9.much 考查限定词。句意:关于月亮构造的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国确定它未来的月球基地的计划是否可行。设空处后的名词ice作“冰”讲时为不可数名词,根据上下文可知设空处填much。
10.its 考查代词。设空处作名词plans的定语,故需用形容词性物主代词;根据提示词it可知设空处填its。
02-2020全国Ⅱ
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 1. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 3. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 4. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 5. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. 6. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 7. health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 8. (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The 9. (beauty) long branches covered with pink colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 10. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国的新年标志着冬季的结束和春季的开始,因此春节期间用植物、水果、花朵装饰皆有特殊意义。文章还介绍了三种在中国受欢迎的植物:橘子树、竹子、梅花。
1.celebration 考查词性转换。句意:中国新年是一个标志着冬季结束和春季开始的庆祝活动。根据句子结构可知,设空处被前面的冠词a限定,作表语,需要用所给词的名词形式。故填celebration。
2.carries 考查主谓一致。句意:这就是用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。根据句子结构可知,设空处在从句中作谓语。由上下文可知,此处应使用一般现在时,且该从句的主语为前面的动名词短语“decorating with plants, fruits and flowers”,属于第三人称单数概念。故填carries。
3.coming 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的最好的祝愿。根据句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语动词represent的宾语,需使用所给词的动名词形式,the earth是其逻辑主语。故填coming。
4.than 考查固定搭配。句意:橘子树不仅仅是装饰品……。根据句子意思可知,设空处与前面的more连用,表示“不只是”。故填than。
5.decorated 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们被红包和好运的信息装饰着。根据句子结构可知,设空处与后面的介词短语一起作宾语them的补足语。them与所给词decorate之间为被动关系,需用过去分词。故填decorated。
6.Certainly 考查词性转换。句意:当然在假日期间,这种植物是必不可少的。根据句子结构可知,设空处作状语,修饰后面整句话,需用所给词的副词形式,故填Certainly。
7.with 考查固定搭配。句意:竹子与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。设空处与前面的are associated连用,表示“与……相关联的”。故填with。
8.to care 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:它们很容易打理,也很适合作为礼物。“be+表示难、易、好、坏等的形容词”,后面需用不定式的主动形式(to do)表示被动意思。故填to care。
9.beautiful 考查词性转换。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,这是极好的装饰。根据句子结构可知,设空处与long一起修饰后面的名词“branches”,需用所给词的形容词形式。故填beautiful。
10.the 考查定冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花树是第一个开花的。the first to do sth.表示“第一个去做……的”,需填定冠词the。
03-2020全国Ⅲ
In ancient China lived an artist 1. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2. (fine)work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 3. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 4. (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 5. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist, they smiled and 6. (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7. (find) the well known painter. As the small boat moved 8. (gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9. (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 10. earth, Mother Nature.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。中国古代有一位画家自以为艺术造诣很高,但是一次经历让他明白了什么是最伟大的画家。
1.whose 考查定语从句。句意:在中国古代有一位画家,他的画栩栩如生。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词an artist。将先行词代入从句后为:The artist's paintings were almost lifelike.由此可知引导词在从句中充当定语,所以要用关系代词whose。
2.finest 考查形容词。一天,皇上想找人给他画像,于是他召集来所有的优秀画家来展示他们最好的作品。根据语境可知此处应该用形容词的最高级形式,故填finest。
3.be chosen 考查动词的语态。这位画家确信自己会被选中。设空处是谓语动词,与he之间是被动关系,且情态动词would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
4.curiosity 考查名词。句意:心中充满了好奇,这位画家收拾好行囊就出发了。设空处充当with的宾语,所以要用所给词的名词形式。故填curiosity。
5.When/As 考查状语从句。当他向江岸上的村民们打听那位传奇画家住在哪里时,他们微笑。根据语境可知,设空处引导时间状语从句,要用when或as,注意首字母要大写。
6.pointed 考查动词的时态。他们微笑并指向江的下游。并列连词and连接两个谓语动词:smiled和pointed,时态需保持一致。
7.to find 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船动身去寻找那位知名的画家。set out to do sth.开始做某事,着手做某事。
8.gently 考查副词。句意:当小船顺着江缓缓移动时,群山在水中的沉默的倒影使他说不出话来。设空处单词修饰as引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词moved,所以要用其副词形式。故填gently。
9.surrounding 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:当他看到雾从江上升起,柔软的云围绕着山顶时,他流下了眼泪。设空处是动词的非谓语形式作宾补,surround与宾语soft clouds之间是主动关系,要用v. ing形式。故填surrounding。
10.on 考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终在世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然面前感到惭愧。固定搭配on earth相当于in the world“在世界上”。
2019
01-2019课标全国Ⅰ
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidence 1. they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2. (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 3. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid 1980s, and are expensive 4. (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5. (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 6. (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7. (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 8. (high) than they actually are. Of 9. nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 10. (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了北极熊的分布区域和北极熊数量的变化情况。
1.that 考查同位语从句。虽然在北纬88度以北很少见到北极熊,但是有证据表明它们在整个北极地区活动,向南甚至远到加拿大的詹姆斯湾。设空处引导同位语从句,说明evidence的内容,该从句不缺少任何成分,所以要用that引导。
2.poorly 考查副词。因为对许多区域调查得不够充分,所以很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。设空处单词修饰动词studied,故用其副词形式poorly。
3.of/for 考查介词。现代化的跟踪调查北极熊数量的方法在20世纪80年代中期才开始被采用。methods of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。
4.to perform 考查不定式。这些方法大面积持续使用起来费用很高。此处为“sth. be+adj.+to do”结构,其中不定式作状语,用主动形式表被动意义。
5.have reported 考查动词时态和主谓一致。最近几年,生活在Nunavut的一些因纽特人报告说他们在人类居住区周围看到北极熊的次数增加了。设空处是句子的谓语动词,根据时间状语In recent years可知,时态为现在完成时,主语some Inuit people为复数形式,故填have reported。
6.belief 考查名词。这些报告使人们相信北极熊的数量正在增长。设空处作leading to的宾语,且前面有不定冠词a修饰,故用所给动词的名词形式belief。
7.noting 考查动词的非谓语形式。科学家们对此作出了回应,他们指出饥饿的北极熊可能正在人类的定居点附近聚集。设空处作介词by的宾语,故用v. ing形式,即by doing sth.通过做某事。
8.higher 考查比较级。这就造成了北极熊数量比它们实际数量要多的错觉。根据空后的than可知,此处要用形容词的比较级形式higher。
9.the 考查冠词。句意:在被认出来的19个北极熊亚群中,有3个数量在降低,有6个是稳定的,1个在增加,还有9个缺少足够的数据。设空处在本句中表示特指,故填定冠词the。
10.are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据设空处前后与本空并列的谓语动词的时态可知,本空需用一般现在时;主语是six(subpopulations),故填are。
02-2019课标全国Ⅱ
A 90 year old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1. (be) Britain's oldest full time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2. she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3. (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 4. (declare) she had no plans 5. (retire) from her 36 year old business. Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6. (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 7. because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We don't have any idea who put Grandma forward. When we got a call 8. (say) she was short listed, we thought it was 9. joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 10. (wonder).”
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。文章介绍了90岁的英国全职员工Irene Astbury坚持每天朝九晚五地在自己和丈夫开的宠物店上班而荣获“年度女性”称号的感人故事。
1.being 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:一位90岁的老人因其是英国年龄最大的全职员工而被授予“年度女性”称号,她仍然每周工作40小时。设空处作前面介词for的宾语,故此处需填名词或动名词形式。
2.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:现在,Irene Astbury每天早上9点到下午5点在Macclesfield的宠物店工作,这家店是她与已故的丈夫Les共同开的。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the pet shop。将先行词代入定语从句后为:She opened the pet shop with her late husband Les.由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,且指“事物”,故填which。
3.finally 考查副词。此处表示“她多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可”。根据文章中的句子结构可知,设空处修饰谓语动词,作状语,需要用所给词的副词形式。
4.declared 考查时态。句意:自豪的Irene在领取“终身成就奖”时宣布,她不打算离开经营了36年的生意。设空处作proud Irene的谓语动词。后面的she had no plans...为宾语从句。根据上下文可知,设空处应该为一般过去时。
5.to retire 考查动词的非谓语形式。设空处作前面名词plans的定语。名词plan, ability等后面多用不定式作定语。
6.have made 考查时态。此处表示“我喜欢到这里来见我的家人和我这些年来交到的所有朋友”。根据后面的时间状语over the years可知,设空处应该用现在完成时。
7.but 考查连词。此处表示“我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想工作”。设空处与前面的not构成“not...but...(不是……而是……)”结构。
8.saying 考查动词的非谓语形式。此处表示“当我们接到说她入围了的电话时,我们以为这是个玩笑”。设空处作a call的后置定语。名词call与动词say之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填现在分词saying,相当于which said。
9.a 考查冠词。joke为可数名词,意为“玩笑”,在此处表示泛指。
10.wonderful 考查形容词。此处表示“这太棒了”。设空处作前面系动词is的表语,表示It的特征。
03-2019课标全国Ⅲ
On our way to the house, it was raining 1. hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 2. (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3. dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4. had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5. (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6. (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8. (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week long stay, we 9. (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10. (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。作者一行人冒雨来到了游玩的目的地,在这里作者受到了主人的热情接待。
1.so 考查副词。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁想知道还要多久才能到达那里。此处为“so+adv.+that...”结构,意为:如此……以至于……,其中that引导结果状语从句。
2.to get 考查动词的非谓语形式。It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。
3.of 考查介词。此处表示“首先迎接我们的是一群狗的叫声”。a pack of dogs一群狗。
4.who 考查定语从句。句意:它们被它们的主人训练得很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词their masters。将先行词代入定语从句后为:Their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.关系词在从句中作主语。
5.recommended 考查动词的时态。句意:主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。设空处与前面的shared是并列连词and连接的两个并列的谓语动词,也应用一般过去时。
6.competition 考查名词。句意:当他们下班后,邀请我们参加当地的活动,让我们了解要观看的有意思的比赛以及背后的故事。设空处作know of的宾语,结合空前的an interesting可知,此处应该用所给词的名词形式。
7.traditional 考查形容词。句意:他们还与我们分享了许多深受游客欢迎的夏威夷传统故事。设空处修饰后面的名词,故用所给词的形容词形式。
8.hugely 考查副词。设空处修饰后面的形容词,故用程度副词hugely。
9.were invited 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天,我们应邀在北海岸一个美丽的农场参加了一场星空下的私人音乐会,聆听音乐家的演奏,并会见了有趣的当地人。设空处是句子的谓语动词,由语境可知时态应为一般过去时,该动作与主语we之间是被动关系,故填were invited。
10.listening 考查动词的非谓语形式。设空处在此处作状语,表示伴随状况。该动作与主语we之间在逻辑上是主动关系。另外,由此处与and后的meeting的并列关系也可快速判断出此处应用现在分词形式。
2018
01-2018课标全国Ⅰ
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1. (long)than non runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 2. (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3. (die)early by running.
While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 4. (be)more effective at lengthening life 5. walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7. (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8. (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 9. (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10. a try.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。
1.longer 考查副词的比较级。句意:根据一份医学杂志中的证据报告,跑步者比不跑步者的寿命要长3年。根据题干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式,故填longer。
2.to see 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:你不必跑得很快、很久就能看到好处。由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动式to see。
3.dying 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:你可能饮酒、吸烟、超重,但你仍然可以通过跑步降低过早死亡的风险。介词(of)后需用动名词形式作宾语,根据提示词die可知设空处填dying。
4.is 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:虽然经常跑步不可能使你长生不老,但报告上说与走路、骑自行车或游泳相比,跑步对延长寿命更有效。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论,需用一般现在时;再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。
5.than 考查介词。根据题干中的“more effective”可知设空处需填介词than。
6.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:该报告的其中两名作者在2014年还发表了一项研究,这项研究表明每天只跑步5至10分钟便可以降低患心脏病或由于各种原因导致过早死亡的危险。先行词为study,指“物”;将先行词代入定语从句后为:The study showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and...由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
7.causes 考查名词的“数”。cause作“原因”讲,为可数名词;根据设空处前的all可知设空处填名词复数形式,故填causes。
8.strengthen 考查词性转换。句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以在柔软的地面上跑步、锻炼以增强你的腿部肌肉……。设空处作目的状语,需用不定式形式,故在不定式符号to后填动词原形strengthen。
9.energetic 考查形容词。设空处作表语,表示主语的特征,故填形容词energetic。
10.it/running 考查代词或名词。句意:如果你时间不充裕,你只需要花费其他运动一半的时间去跑步便可获得同样的收益,因此或许我们都应该试一试跑步。设空处作give的宾语,需填名词或代词,因此用it代替上文中的running或直接填running作宾语。
02-2018课标全国Ⅱ
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1. (grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2. past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 3. (actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4. (improve)water quality. Corn uses less water 5. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)run off. This switch has decreased 6. (pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7. (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 8. (start) a soil testing program 9. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 10. (feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。自2011年以来,随着中国人的饮食结构的变化,在中国种植玉米的数量显著增加,而种植水稻的数量下降了。
1.has grown 句意:自2011年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。本题考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中时间状语Since 2011可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填has grown。
2.the 句意:在过去的25年里,玉米的产量已经激增了将近125%,而水稻的产量只增长了7%。本题考查冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。
3.actually 句意:对于肉类的喜爱实际上是这一变化背后的原因:中国的玉米很重要的一个作用就是用来饲养鸡、猪和牛。本题考查副词。此处需用副词作状语,故用actual的副词形式actually。
4.to improve 句意:玉米产量增长的另一个原因:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高水质。本题考查动词的非谓语形式作状语。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的,故使用动词不定式作目的状语。
5.than 句意:玉米用水量比水稻少,造成更少的化肥流失。本题考查介词。根据句中的less可知,此处表示比较,故使用介词than。
6.pollution 句意:这种变化已经减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水变得更安全了。本题考查名词。空格处作decreased的宾语,故使用pollute的名词形式pollution。
7.global 句意:根据世界银行的统计,中国占了全球化肥总消耗量的大约30%。本题考查形容词。空格处作fertilizer consumption的定语,故使用globe的形容词形式global。
8.started 句意:中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间,化肥的使用减少了770万吨。2005年政府启动了土壤检测项目,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。本题考查时态。关系副词when=in 2005,由此可知此处使用一般过去时。
9.that/which 本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为program,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故使用关系代词that或which。
10.feeding 本题考查动词的非谓语形式作状语。名词China和动词feed构成逻辑上的主动关系,故使用现在分词作时间状语。
03-2018课标全国Ⅲ
I'm not sure 1. is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face to face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2. top
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