2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类--阅读理解(含答案与解析)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2014-2023年高考英语真题专题分类
阅读理解
新高考卷（2020—2023）
2023
01-2023新课标Ⅰ，A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ￠7.50 ￠5.00
3 hours ￠11.00 ￠7.50
1 day(24 hours) ￠14.75 ￠9.75
Each additional day ￠8.00 ￠6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5?hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount.
B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours.
D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. 15.75. B. 19.50.
C. 22.75. D. 29.50.
3. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer Windmill.
B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.
D. Dam Square.
答案
[语篇解读]本文是应用文，主题语境为人与社会，主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹租用自行车出去旅行的相关事宜。
1. B 细节理解题。根据题干关键词an advantage of MacBike可定位到第二段。根据“With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you.”可知，在重要地段有五家可以出租自行车的店铺，有超过2，500辆自行车（而非店铺，可排除D项）。由第二段最后一句中的in a wide variety可知，MacBike提供了很多种自行车供游客选择。故选B。A、C两项文中未提及。
2. C细节理解题。本题问价格，可定位到表格部分。根据题干关键词a bike with hand brake and three gears可定位到表格第二列。一辆有手刹和三排挡的自行车租一天需要14.75欧元，每增加一天需额外支付8欧元，由此可知，一辆有手刹和三排挡的自行车租两天的价格是14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
3. D细节理解题。根据题干关键词the guided city tour可定位到最后一段。根据“The tour departs from Dam Square...”可知，旅游团从Dam Square出发。故选D。
长难句
With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you.
译文 我们在重要位置的5家租赁商店里存放了超过2，500辆自行车，确保总会有一辆自行车可供您使用。
分析 句中with的复合结构作状语，主语为we，谓语make sure后为省略了that的宾语从句，宾语从句使用了there be句型。
重点词汇
economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节约的
explore v.探索，勘探
countless adj.数不清的
at strategic locations 在重要位置
available adj.可用的，可获得的，有空的
depart v.出发，离开
02-2023新课标Ⅰ，B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to
observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco?machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling.
B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He longed to be a doctor.
2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals.
B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To test the eco-machine.
3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
4. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
答案
[语篇解读]本文是记叙文，主题语境是自然科学研究成果，主要讲述了约翰·托德（John Todd）自孩童时代就对自然生态感兴趣，致力于此方面研究并应用于实践的经历。
1. C推理判断题。根据第一段中的explore、started to wonder和第二段中的studying、went back to observing、asking questions可以推断出，约翰·托德自孩童时代就喜欢探究和质疑。故选C。inquiring意为“爱探索的，好奇的”。
2. D推理判断题。本题问的是John把污泥放进水箱的目的。根据第二段最后一句可知，John决定建造一个生态箱（eco-machine）。第三段主要讲述了John的实验过程（把污泥放进水箱里并观察）。第四段描述实验结果——这个生态箱里的动植物把污泥当成食物吃了。由此可推断出，John把污泥放进水箱的目的是测试他研制的生态箱。故选D。
3. B推理判断题，考查写作目的。根据题干关键词Fuzhou可定位到第五段。根据“John has taken on many big jobs”可知，John已经承担了很多大型工作。紧接着通过他的发明应用于南伯灵顿和福州的例子来说明他的想法在实践中的应用（application）。故选B。
4. A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair”可知John的研究依据是自然可以进行自我修复。故选A。
长难句
With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.
译文 他认为，如果让动植物和谐共生，或许他就能以大自然的方式清理废物。
分析 the way nature did是方式状语从句，意为“以……方式”，相当于in the way that nature did。
03-2023新课标Ⅰ，C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
1. What is the book aimed at
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems.
D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
2. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on.
C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
3. What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A. Theoretical models.
B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples.
D. Historical analyses.
4. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A. Use them as needed.
B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.
D. Identify the ideas behind them.
答案
[语篇解读]本文是说明文，主题语境为健康的生活方式，主要介绍了一本书，其中包括这本书的组成部分以及各部分的内容。读这本书可以帮读者践行数字极简主义的生活方式。
1. B细节理解题。根据题干关键词aimed at可定位到第一段中的goal。根据第一段内容可知，这本书的目的是解释数字极简主义（make the case for digital minimalism），包括详细探索它的要求是什么和它为什么有效，并且教你如何采用这种生活方式。其中teach you how to adopt和digital minimalism分别与B项中的Advocating和simple digital lifestyle相呼应。故选B（倡导一种简单的数字生活方式）。A项意为“教授批判性思维技巧”，C项意为“解决哲学问题”，D项意为“推广数码设备的使用”。
2. A猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句中的冒号可知，the digital declutter就是“my suggested method for adopting this philosophy”。this philosophy指的是数字极简主义（digital minimalism），那么采用这种生活方式的方法也应该与极简有关。后句是对the digital declutter的具体阐述——30天不参加非强制的线上活动，30天结束的时候，选择参加少量真正对你有好处的线上活动。言外之意就是，对数字活动进行清理（Clear?up）。故选A。
3. C细节理解题。根据题干关键词the final chapter of part one可定位到第四段。在第一部分的最后一个章节，作者会分享1，600多名参与者的故事以及具体的策略，同时也会提醒大家可能遇到的陷阱。这些都是真实的事例（Practical examples）。故选C。A项意为“理论模型”，B项意为“统计方法”，D项意为“历史分析”。
4. A细节理解题。本题问的是“对于第二部分提供的具体做法，作者建议读者怎么做 ”。根据题干关键词the practices offered in part two可定位到最后一段最后两句。核心的内容是“view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle”，即把这些具体做法当成一个工具箱。故选A。
长难句
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
译文 本书的目标是解释数字极简主义，包括详细探索它的要求是什么和它为什么有效，如果你断定它适合你的话，本书会教你如何采用这种生活方式。
分析 本句的主干是The goal of this book is to make the case for...and...to teach you how to...。and连接两个并列的表语，在第一个表语中，what it asks和why it works是介词of后两个并列的宾语从句；在第二个表语中，how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you是“疑问词+不定式”结构作teach的宾语，其中包含if引导的条件状语从句。
04-2023新课标Ⅰ，D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If, for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist（转折） on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
1. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The methods of estimation.
B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors.
D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
2. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if .
A. the crowds were relatively small
B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate
D. estimates were not fully independent
3. What did the follow-up study focus on
A. The size of the groups.
B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process.
D. The individual estimates.
4. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear.
B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Approving.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文，主题语境为社会热点问题，主要介绍了“群体智慧”效应——多人对同一个对象的评估会有偏差，但平均起来会更准确。
1. B主旨要义题，考查段落大意。本段首先点明人们所犯的错误是不一样的，然后具体说明往往有的人高估，有的人低估，但是当足够多的评估平均起来时，评估相互抵消，会产生一个更加准确的评估结果，但是如果人们的错误相互影响，评估的准确率就会下降。因此，第二段主要讲述了“群体智慧”效应的潜在逻辑（underlying logic）。故选B。
2. D推理判断题。根据题干关键词Navajas’ study和the average accuracy could increase可定位到第三段第二句。根据“when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals”可知，如果人群被划分成允许进行讨论的小组（允许讨论的话，评估就不是完全独立的了），评估的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。故选D。
3. C细节理解题。根据题干关键词the follow-up study可定位到第四段。根据“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.”可知，在后续的研究中，研究者努力更好地理解小组成员在讨论过程中做了什么。故选C。
4. D推理判断题，考查作者的观点态度。根据最后一段“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知，作者认为，尽管这项研究具有局限性，但是对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此可推断出，作者对这项研究持赞成（Approving）态度。故选D。
长难句
The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
译文 这项研究的重要发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
分析 本句中第一个that引导表语从句；when引导时间状语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词groups，在从句中作主语。
05-2023新课标Ⅱ，A
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area's natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops.
B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A. Works of famous artists.
B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills.
D. History of the canyon area.
3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A. Artist Point.
B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store.
D. Visitor Education Center.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是应用文，主题语境为人与环境，主要介绍了黄石国家公园在今年夏天提供的四个护林员项目。
1. D细节理解题。根据题干关键词begins the earliest可定位到四个项目开始的时间，对比可知，Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone从五月份开始，其余三个项目都从六月份开始，故选D。
2. D细节理解题。根据题干关键词the short talk at Artist Point可定位到第三个项目中的最后一句，this short talk指上文提到的内容。根据“...while learning about the area’s natural and human history.”可知，这个讲座是关于这个区域的历史的。故选 D。
3. B细节理解题。根据题干关键词 the July 10 photography workshop可定位到第四个项目。根据“...meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”可知，B项正确。
重点词汇
breathtaking adj.激动人心的,惊人的draw v.吸引,使感兴趣enhance v.提高,增强
06-2023新课标Ⅱ，B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,”Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
1. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker.
B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant.
D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
2. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work.
D. There was no space for school gardens.
3. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching.
B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived.
D. Unidentifiable.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens
B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers
D. Changing Local Landscape
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文，主题语境为人与动植物。为了培养学生的科学技能，提高他们的环保意识并培养健康的生活习惯,Abby Jaramillo和另一个老师发起了一个名为Urban Sprouts的菜园子项目。这个项目启动之后，孩子们受益颇多，他们不仅吃上了自己种的蔬菜，也慢慢爱上了自己种菜。
1. D细节理解题。本题问的是Abby Jaramillo的个人情况。根据第一段第二句可知，Abby Jaramillo和另外一个老师启动了Urban Sprouts这个菜园子项目。D项意为“她是Urban Sprouts项目的一个创始人”，符合题意。故选D。
2. C细节理解题。根据题干关键词a problem facing Jaramillo定位到第二段。根据最后两句可知，孩子们认为蔬菜、泥土和昆虫都很糟糕。最后一句提到一些孩子一开始害怕昆虫，且兴趣都被泥土给弄没了。由此可知，最开始 Jaramillo面临的困难是孩子们不喜欢在菜园工作。故选C。
3. A推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.”可知，这个项目的益处远不止为学生提供营养。再根据这一段的其余内容可知，一些学生带种子回家自己种蔬菜。由此可推断，这个项目的影响是深远的（far-reaching）。predictable可预测的；short-lived短暂的；unidentifiable无法辨别的。故选A。
4. C主旨要义题，考查最佳标题。文章第一段提到为了培养学生的科学技能，提高他们的环保意识并培养健康的生活习惯，Jaramillo和另一个老师启动了一个项目。紧接着提到了同学们本来不喜欢菜园子里的劳动，但是通过学习这个项目里的课程，他们变成爱吃蔬菜和自己种蔬菜的人。由此可知，C项（越来越多的蔬菜爱好者）最适合作文章标题。A项“挽救学校菜园”、B项“体验乡村生活”以及D项“改变当地的风景”均不符合题意。故选C。
长难句
Besides,working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues.
译文 此外，在菜园里劳动似乎对Jaramillo的需要特殊教育的学生有镇静作用，这些学生中的许多有情绪控制问题。
分析 主句中working in the garden为动名词短语作主语，系动词seems后接不定式作表语，many of whom为“介词+关系代词”，引导定语从句，先行词为students。
重点词汇
harvest v.& n.收获awareness n.意识outnumber v.数量多于initially adv.最初地hands-on adj.亲身实践的occasionally adv.偶尔evaluation n.评估，评价go beyond超出
熟词生义
literally 熟义：adv.按字面意义地生义：adv.确实地，真正地
turn off 熟义：关闭生义：使丧失兴趣
07-2023新课标Ⅱ，C
Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st?century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
1. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book.
B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum.
D. A review of modern paintings.
2. What are the selected artworks about
A. Wealth and intellect.
B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading.
D. Work and leisure.
3. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand.
B. Paint.
C. Seize.
D. Transform.
4. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e?reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文，主题语境为文学与艺术，主要介绍了一本书，名为《阅读艺术：爱书之人的艺术》。该书通过呈现与图书和阅读相关的艺术作品让爱书之人感受不同时代与文化间的联系。
1. A推理判断题，考查文章出处推断。根据第一段第一句“Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”以及第二段第一句“In this ‘book of books,’ artworks are selected and arranged...”可知，本文是在介绍一本关于书本的书，所以很可能节选自对一本书的介绍。故选A。
2. C细节理解题。根据题干关键词the selected artworks可定位到第二段第一句。根据后面列举的具体画面“...children learning to read at home or at school, with the book... Adults are portrayed alone...absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.”可知，入选的艺术作品是以书籍和阅读为主题的。故选C。
3. A猜测词义题。These scenes（这些场景）指的是孩子们在家或学校学习阅读以及成年人沉浸在一卷书中，陷入沉思或沉浸在片刻的休闲中。并列连词but表示转折，前一分句说这些场景可能在数百年前被绘制，距离现在已经十分久远，后一分句与前一分句构成转折关系，所以应表示我们现在仍然能够理解画中描绘的那些时刻。故选A。
4. A推理判断题，考查写作目的。根据题干关键词the e-reader可定位到最后一段。根据第二句“...the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.”可知，纸质书是古老的，但它仍然像电子书一样具有互动性。再结合最后一句可知纸质书还能提供一个完全私人的离线活动机会。由此可推断出纸质书并不完全过时。故选A。
长难句
And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
译文 在我们日益网络化的生活中，我们阅读的信息被监控和追踪，相比之下，纸质书籍仍然能够提供一个完全私人的离线活动机会。
分析 where引导定语从句，修饰lives；定语从句中还包含一个定语从句we consume，修饰information。
重点词汇
emphasize v.强调symbolically adv.具有象征意义地demonstrate v.展示
熟词生义
monitor 熟义：n.班长生义：v.监视；监听
08-2023新课标Ⅱ，D
As cities balloon with growth， access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding(编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions， a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
2. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
3. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
4. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文，主题语境是人与环境、人与动植物。文章通过分析城市公园游客对自己与公园内自然环境有意义互动的描述，说明城市中的自然环境对人们幸福健康的重要性。
1. B细节理解题。根据题干关键词at the beginning of the text可定位到文章第一段，由最后一句中的“it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild”可知，要在一个城市里找到相对有自然气息的地方不容易。故选B。
2. D推理判断题。根据题干关键词code participant submissions into categories可定位到文章第三段第二句“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.（他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，说明他们在公园里与大自然进行的有意义的互动。）”。又由第四段第一句和第六段第一句可知，研究者是要尝试创造一种可用的语言，让人与自然的互动重新回到我们的日常生活中。因此，把参与者提交的描述进行分类的目的是找到他们语言描述中的常用模式。故选D。
技巧点拨
虽然根据题干可以定位在某个段落，但有时也需要根据文章主线和关键词做出合理推断。
3. C推理判断题。第五段的两个例子中均有walking along，但是后面跟的宾语却不同。由此可以推断出相同的自然体验（沿……散步）会以不同的形式呈现。故选C。
4. B细节理解题。根据题干关键词according to Kahn可定位到文章最后一段的直接引语，再由“we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it”可知B项正确。
长难句
1.If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
译文 如果幸运的话，在你居住的地方或许会有个小型公园，但是要在一个城市里找到相对有自然气息的地方却不容易。
分析 本句是由but连接的并列复合句。前一个分句中含有if引导的条件状语从句和where引导的地点状语从句；后一个分句中it作形式主语，不定式to find...作真正的主语，其中that引导定语从句。
2.They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
译文 他们调查了好几百位公园的游客，要求他们在网上提交一份总结，描述自己与公园内的自然环境有意义的互动。
分析 句中asking...是动词-ing形式作伴随状语；they had with nature in the park是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词a meaningful interaction。
熟词生义
balloon 熟义：n.气球生义：v.迅速增多；乘热气球旅行
2022
01-2022新高考Ⅰ，A
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A;80-89, B;70-79, C;60-69, D;Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay 1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook.
B. An exam paper.
C. A course plan.
D. An academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A. You will receive a zero.
B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test.
D. You will have to rewrite it.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为应用文。本文是一位老师对文学导论课程学习成绩评分原则的介绍。
1. C推理判断题。由文章题目Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature（文学导论评分原则）和文章中小标题Grading Scale（评分等级）及下面小标题说明的每项学习内容所占的成绩比例可知，本文选自一项课程计划。故选C。
2. B细节理解题。由文中所列的成绩构成比例Essays（60%）（论文占60%）、Group Assignments （30%）（小组作业占30%）、Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework （10%）（日常学习/课上写作与测试/小组学习/课外作业占10%）可知，学生的最终成绩由三部分组成。故选B。
3. A细节理解题。由Late Work部分第二句“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果截止日期后第四天还没有上交，将得零分)”可知，晚交一周会得零分。故选A。
02-2022新高考Ⅰ，B
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D. C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted (腐烂) in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
1. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
2. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline.
B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage.
D. Worldwide starvation.
3. What does Curtin’s company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
4. What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。食物浪费就发生在不经意间，杜绝浪费至关重要，人人有责。
1. B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.”及“Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad.”可知，作者是一位比较关注食物浪费的人，但因朋友邀请共进晚餐，导致几天后芝麻菜变质了。由此可推知作者讲述芝麻菜的故事是想表明“我们有时会无意地浪费食物”。
2. B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes food waste an environmental problem.”可知，食物浪费会引起环境问题，食物浪费的结果就是伤害环境。
3. D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals...by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.”可知，Curtin的公司用人们不想要的食物来做饭，将食物回收并转化为健康的食物。
4. A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping”可知，Curtin建议人们在每周的购物中不购买非必需的食物，即只买需要的东西。
03-2022新高考Ⅰ，C
The elderly residents in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80?year?old Ruth Xavier. She said:“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said:“We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
1. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
2. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
D. She has developed a strong personality.
3. What do the underlined words“embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve.
B. Oppose.
C. Begin.
D. Evaluate.
4. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received.
B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable.
D. It takes ages to see the results.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为说明文。文章介绍了伦敦的养老院通过让老人养鸡的方式使他们不再感到孤独。
1. D细节理解题。由第二段第一句“The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing.”可知，这个项目的目的是减少孤独感，改善老年人的福祉。
2. B细节理解题。由第五段中的“I’m enjoying the creative activities,and it feels great to have done something useful.”可知，Ruth Xavier很有成就感。
3. C猜测词义题。由本句中的one of the first及Wendy Wilson的身份和她对这个项目的评价可推知，Wendy Wilson是首批“开办”这个项目的人员之一。
4. A推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.”和倒数第一段中的“We are happy to be taking part in the project.”可知，养老院的老人很欢迎这个项目，养老机构的管理人员也很愿意参加这个项目，这表明这个项目大受欢迎。
04-2022新高考Ⅰ，D
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（对齐）, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip（嘴唇）to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved(进化) around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
1. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasi’s research focus on
A. Its variety.
B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity.
D. Its development.
2. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
4. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为说明文。一项研究表明，与饮食相关的人类咬合方式的变化导致了新的语音的出现。
1. D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.”可知Damian Blasi的研究团队发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因，即人类语音的发展。
2. C推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知古代成年人上下门牙是对齐的，不便发出唇齿音，后来人类的颌变成了覆咬合结构，使得发出唇齿音更容易。故可推知古代成年人很难发出唇齿音的原因是他们的颌构造上的不便。
3. A主旨要义题。第五段提到，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加，但是这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到。这与上文提到的研究结果一致。通过本段第一句中的“also confirmed”以及最后一句中的“still”可知本段主要是关于研究结果的证据。
4. C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable...the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution”可知Steven Moran认为人类使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是诸如生物变化和文化进化复杂的相互作用的产物，是一个复杂、动态的系统。
05-2022新高考Ⅱ，A
Children’s Discovery Museum General Information about Group Play
Pricing
Group Play＄7/person
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices(发票）must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
Group Size
We require one chaperone（监护人） per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of ＄50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to discuss options.
Hours
The Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm.
Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open.
Registration Policy
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.
Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options.
Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.
●Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
●Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits.
●Use your indoor voice when at the Museum.
1. What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship
A. Prepay the admission fees.
B. Use the Museum's transportation.
C. Take a survey after the visit.
D. Schedule their visit on weekdays.
2. How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum
A. One. B. Two.
C. Three. D. Four.
3. What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum
A. Using the computer.
B. Talking with each other.
C. Touching the exhibits.
D. Exploring the place alone.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为应用文。文章介绍的是一个儿童发现博物馆的关于团体游戏的基本信息。
1. C细节理解题。根据Scholarships部分第一段第二句“Participation in a post?visit survey is required.”可知，想要获得奖学金，就要参与参观后调查。故选C。
2. C细节理解题。根据Group Size部分中的“We require one chaperone per ten children.”可知，每十个孩子需要一个监护人，所以30个孩子需要3个监护人。故选C。
3. D细节理解题。根据Guidelines部分中的“Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.”可知，儿童不得在无人陪伴的情况下进入博物馆的任何区域，所以单独探索是被禁止的。故选D。
06-2022新高考Ⅱ，B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2?year?old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes(戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique. Like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star—two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2?year?old grandson sees it on his tablet.
1. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me.
B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me.
D. Worked quite well on me.
2. Why did the kid poke the storybook
A. He took it for a tablet computer.
B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa.
D. He wanted to read it by himself.
3. What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious.B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent.D. Digitally competent.
4. What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A. He lacks experience in his job.
B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department.
D. He often interviews internet stars.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为记叙文。作者在给自己的孙子读故事时感受到数码科技已经与日常生活融为一体，同时为自己没有落伍而感到欣慰。
1. B猜测词义题。第一段中作者提出看法——对许多年轻人来说，新的多媒体工具是很正常的，然后叙述了自己的一次经历予以佐证——孙子听作者读故事时伸出手指猛戳书页，作者开始以为孩子出了状况，后来明白他把书当作了习以为常的平板电脑。画线短语所在句子是文章的过渡句，其主语This指代上文提到的这一看法。结合第二段内容可推知，春节假期，作者坐在沙发上给两岁的孙子读故事的时候，非常明确地感受到了这一点。
2. A细节理解题。根据第五段内容尤其是最后一句“He thought my storybook was like that.”可知这个孩子把书当成了平板电脑。
3. D推理判断题。根据第六段中“Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged...even built websites.”可知作者认为自己虽然老了，但从数字角度来说，自己还没有遭遇令人绝望的挑战。从作者列举的自己编辑视频、制作音频、使用移动支付、甚至建立了网站等事情可知，作者认为自己在数码科技方面还是很有能力的。
4. B推理判断题。根据文章第七段内容尤其是该段中的“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.”可知，作者作为记者，很少在镜头前露面，并将其原因归结为他的脸是为电台而生的（不适合出镜）。
07-2022新高考Ⅱ，C
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心） driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said， “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
1. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers’ texting in the US
A. Ineffective.
B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent.
D. Unfair.
2. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from.
B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going.
D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
3. What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice.
B. Data.
C. Tests.
D. Laws.
4. What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone:The Textalyzer
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。为了减少急剧上升的交通事故，纽约试图通过引入文本分析仪（Textalyzer）来制止司机在驾车时使用手机。
1. A推理判断题。根据文章第二段的主旨句“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”可知，司机在驾车时使用手机这一问题正在变得更严重，再结合下文中的“Americans are still texting while driving...Road accidents...are now rising sharply.”可以判断出这一禁令并没有产生什么实际效果。故选A。
2. B细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.”可知，文本分析仪这一新设备可以帮助警察弄清楚司机在驾驶中是否有使用手机的行为。故选B。
3. D猜测词义题。根据画线词下文内容可知，Félix W. Ortiz曾在2001年推动该州禁止司机使用手持设备。他认为如果文本分析仪法案成为法律，人们会更害怕拿起手机。画线词前的“need”与下文中的“pushed for”“becomes”均为肯定表达，指向一致，故可推知画线词“something”指的就是下文中的“law”。
4. B主旨要义题。文章前三段叙述了美国司机驾车时使用手机引发交通事故的现象愈发严重，最后两段讲述了文本分析仪的工作原理并展望了相关立法完成后的预期效果。所以B项“边发信息边开车？小心文本分析仪”符合文章大意。
长难句
The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands?free driving laws.
译文 这项技术可以确定司机刚刚是否发了短信、发了邮件或者做了纽约免提驾驶法规不允许的其他事情。
分析 本句是一个主从复合句，whether引导宾语从句，该从句中并列连词or连接并列谓语。that引导的定语从句修饰先行词anything else。
08-2022新高考Ⅱ，D
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic(无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50?year?old hearts and turned the clock back to 30? or 35?year?old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70?year?olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
1. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A. The right way of exercising.
B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit.
D. The aging process of the heart.
2. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A. Diet plan.
B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type.
D. Previous physical condition.
3. What does Levine’s research find
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
4. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A. Making use of the findings.
B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research.
D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为说明文。研究发现锻炼有助于延缓心脏衰老。
1. D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘Think of a rubber band...and easily broken,’...That's what happens to the heart.”可知，橡皮筋刚开始的时候很柔韧，但放在抽屉里20年以后，会变得干燥和易碎，就像心脏一样，不锻炼就容易老化。由此推断出，Levine借橡皮筋说明心脏老化的过程。
2. C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercise...three times a week.”可知，第一组参加无氧运动；根据第三段中的“The second group did high?intensity aerobic exercise...a week.”可知，第二组参加高强度的有氧运动。综上所述可知，两组的运动类型不一样。
3. A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The second group did high?intensity aerobic exercise...a week.”可知，第二组做高强度的有氧运动；根据第三段中的“After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.”可知，第二组参与者在心脏健康方面有明显的改善。再结合第四段中的“We took these 50?year?old hearts and turned the clock back to 30? or 35?year?old hearts”可知，中年（人的）心脏因为有氧运动变得更年轻。
4. C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.”可知，Nieca Goldberg建议做进一步研究。
长难句
But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
译文 但这项研究规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定究竟是日常锻炼的哪些方面影响最大。
分析 本句是一个主从复合句，其中which 引导宾语从句，作动词determine的宾语。
2021
01-2021新高考Ⅰ，A
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around ＄25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location(位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus， it’s close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too;it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10?minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
1. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A. Comfort.
B. Security.
C. Price.
D. Location.
2. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A. Yellow Hostel.
B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel.
D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A. It gets noisy at night.
B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi-Fi.
D. It’s inconveniently located.
答案
[语篇解读]本文为应用文。文章主要介绍了罗马的几个价位不高的旅社。
1. C细节理解题。根据首段第一句（罗马对旅行者来说是很昂贵的，这就是很多人选择住在旅社的原因）可知选择住在旅社的旅客最关心的是价格。
2. B细节理解题。根据Hostel Alessandro Palace下的第一句“If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome.（如果你喜欢社交旅社，这是罗马最适合你的旅社。）”可知选择B项。
3. C细节理解题。根据Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes下的最后一句“However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.”可知，Wi-Fi收费是它的缺点。
长难句
The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.
译文 工作人员很友好，乐于助人，当你到达时为你提供该市地图，如果你需要一些建议，（他们）可以提供。
分析 providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some是现在分词短语作状语，providing...和offering...是并列关系。
02-2021新高考Ⅰ，B
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—n