外研版（2019）必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends forever Developing & Presenting ideas课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
Friends forever
《麦琪的礼物》
《最后的常春藤叶》
《警察和赞美诗》
《二十年后》
O. Henry
William Sydney Porter
(1862-1910)
A world-famous American short story writer. In his stories, he often focused on the everyday life of ordinary people in New York City at that time. His stories are best known for their surprise endings.
Pre-reading
1862-1910
O Henry (September 11, 1862-June 5, 1910), known as William Sydney Porter, is a famous American novelist. When he was a teenager, he wanted to be a painter. After marriage, he started writing with the encouragement of his wife. Later, he was imprisoned for accounting problems while working in a bank. During his sentence, he wrote carefully, and published a large number of short stories under the pseudonym "O Henry", which attracted wide attention of readers. He is a prolific writer, leaving a novel Cabbage and the King and nearly 600 short stories in his life. His short stories are well-conceived（构思严谨） and unique in style, and are famous for their expressions of the lives of the middle and lower classes in America, humorous language and unexpected ending.
● The Green Door — 《绿色门》
● Hearts and Hands —《心与手》
● Two Thanksgiving Day Gentlemen
—《两位感恩节的绅士》
● While the Auto Waits
— 《汽车等待的时候》
● Witches' Loaves —《女巫的面包》
● A Service of Love —《爱的牺牲》
Major Works
Now read the short story- After Twenty Years on pages 58-60.
The short story is usually concerned with a single effect conveyed in only one or a few significant episodes or scenes. It has a plot, settings, characters, and theme.
Pre-reading
Characters of
After Twenty Years
Jimmy
a policeman
Bob’s best friend
Bob
wanted by the police
Can you guess what will happen
While-reading
Basic
elements of
a novel
who
A policeman
a man with a scar on his face
where
In New York
when
on a cold rainy night after 20 years
what happened
Bob came a thousand miles to stand where they promised to meet, waiting for Jimmy.
the end
(who is he )
(who is he )
Setting
Plot
( Using dialogue)
Characters
03
While-reading
Bob：
He had made a fortune in the West. The obvious knife marks left on his face revealed that he had once had a bloody killing experience.
Jimmy:
Jimmy was a loyal and unselfish image of the upright police officer.
Pre-reading
The author wrote that Bob came thousands of miles, fulfilled the agreement made 20 years ago, stood in the cold rain night, sincerely and firmly waiting for the arrival of old friends. In Bob, there is no deceit, no dark, dirty mind.
Read the excerpts and finish the table.
Setting
Character
Theme
in New York on a cold, dark night
the policeman; the man with a scar on his face
the appointment the man made with his friend Jimmy
While-reading
Why did Bob start for the West
He started for the West to make a fortune.
What appointment did they make at that time
They would meet at Big Joe’s Brady’s exactly twenty years from that date and time.
While-reading
Did they correspond after Bob left
They corresponded for a time, but after one year or two they lost track of each other.
Why did Bob believe that his friend would come
Because he thought his friend Jimmy was always the truest, staunchest old chap in the world.
5. What has Jimmy experienced over the past twenty years
6. What might happen between the policeman and the man
He has worked hard in New York city and become a great policeman.
Read the note and find out what actually happened.
Jimmy was the policeman. He turned up as they agreed twenty years ago, but he decided to fulfil his duty and have Bob arrested.
the end
Jimmy arrested the man in person .
What might happen between the policeman and the man
Read Bob's story after he was released from jail and answer the questions.
01
Lead-in
While-reading
Read Bob’s story after he was released from jail and answer the questions.
1. How did Bob feel when he finally got out of jail
Bob felt lost and helpless.
2. What kind of ending is this More than one description may be suitable
A happy ending
A sad ending
A surprise ending
An open ending
Loyalty to friendship VS Devotion to duty
Bob
Jimmy
Twenty years
Best friends
Criminal
Policeman
hard-working;
vain;
proud of Jimmy;
loyal to friendship
experienced; calm;
reliable;
considerate;
devoted to job;
loyal to friendship
What kind of qualities do they have
Retell the story
Basic
elements of
a novel
who
Bob, who was wanted by the police
Jimmy, a police officer, Bob’s old friend
where
In New York
when
on a cold rainy night after 20 years since Bob went to the West
what happened
Bob came a thousand miles to stand where they promised to meet, waiting for Jimmy.
the end
Jimmy appeared at the appointed place, but he arrested his friend Bob, however, their friendship last.
Think about what happened in each of the three scenes,
using information you have learnt in the story.
scene1
20 years ago
Bob was _______ at Big Joe’ Brady’s with
Jimmy. The next morning, Bob___________
for the west to ______________, while Jimmy decided ________in New York. They agreed that they would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, ____________
their conditions might be or ______distance they might have to come.
dining
was to start
make his fortune
to stay
no matter what
what
scene2
18-19 years ago
Bob and Jimmy_____________with each other
for a time, but in the end, they__________each other. Bob kept_________around over it pretty lively.
corresponded
lost track of
hustling
scene3
20 years later
Bob _____________Jimmy at Big Joe’ Brady’s and a policeman _________ him and ________
with him. Bob began to tell his story. After
hearing the story, the policeman left. Minutes later, a plain clothes man ________ and gave Bob a _____, to Bob’s surprise, the policeman
__________to be Jimmy. Bob was arrested.
was waiting for
went up to
chatted
turned up
note
turned out
Thank
you
Two surprise endings of the novel
Surprise 1 (O. Henry的结尾)
After twenty years Bob came a thousand miles to fulfil the appointment made with Jimmy while Jimmy had Bob arrested.
Surprise 2 (续写结尾)
After twenty years Bob got out of jail, lost and helpless while Jimmy arranged his son to give Bob a warm welcom.
Post-reading
O. Henry’s stories are famous for their surprise endings.
How to creare a surprise ending to a stroy
Post-reading
A surprise ending is a sudden and thorough change in the unexpected direction or outcome of the plot of a story. It usually happens near the end of a story, especially when it changes readers’opinions of the previous plots.
How to produce a surprise ending
Strategy 1: A Sudden Change of the charactr’s Fortune
Bob and Jimmy were close friends like brothers and they made an appointment 20 years ago. After 20 years Bob came a thousand miles to fulfil the appointment. While he was waiting at he place, he told his long story to a policeman.
At the end of the story, Bob received a note which told him the policeman he just told his story was exactly Jimmy. Jimmy had Bob arrested.
In After Twenty Years both the characters changed their destiny: Bob became a criminal wanted by the police. Jimmy became a police officer trying to arrest Bob. An unexpected ending turned up.
How to produce a surprise ending
Strategy 2: The Inconsistency(不一致) between What People Say and What People Do
At first the character’s words and behavior make people think that the character is rude or indifferent, doesn’t care about others. But on the contrary, the surprise ending reveals the chacter’s thoughtfulness and willness to help others.
After twenty years Bob got out of jail, lost and helpless. Jimmy still didn’t show up. Another man appeared and gave Bob a note just like 20 years ago. The note was still from Jimmy. But this time Jimmy arranged a warm welcome for Bob.
From his first note, we think that Jimmy was a upright policeman, not caring about Bob. But his second note revealed that Jimmy cared very much about Bob and their friendship.
How to produce a surprise ending
Strategy 3: To reveal an Incredible Truth
To reveal an incredible truth also leads to a surprise ending.
In the whole story, the function of Jimmy’s notes is very important. The two notes give us information which is not mentioned in previous plots. We just get to konw the truth at the last moment of the story, which is a very interesting and exciting experience for us. Using this strategy can arouse reader’s attraction.
Post-reading
Now let’s write your own ending.
It was a cold winter night when Bob came out of jail. After twenty years behind bars, he felt like a stranger to the city and everyone in it. Lost and helpless, he didn't know where to go or whom to go to. A year after he had been arrested, his wife had left him and taken their daughter with her. Former good friends had cut all contact with him.
"Is there anyone here who still thinks of me "he wondered bitterly. Recalling the night twenty years earlier that had completely changed his life, he wandered blindly through the streets. In the dim light of a streetlamp, he noticed an old man sitting on a bench."Another lonely man, just like me," he thought to himself.
"Bob," the old man looked up. Although twenty years had passed, he could still recognize that face-Jimmy's face."I'm here for our meeting, though I don't know if you still want it. Anyway, welcome home, buddy!""Long time no see," murmured Bob, his voice trembling. The uncertainty was gone. He now had a home.
The more friends you have,
the happier you will be.
A few true friends are enough.
Point of view: The more friends you have, the happier you will be.
Arguments: You can have more wisdom.
You have more people to turn to when in trouble
You can share your happines with more friends.
Supporting exanples: A story happened in your life.
Hello, everyone. I will take this opportunity to say something about friends. Some people say a few true friends are enough. That’s a good point but in my opinion we should have more friends. The more friends you have, the happier you will be.
Human beings are social creatures. We communicate with other poeple. If we have more friends, we can get more help from our friends when we are in trouble. If we share happiness with friends, then our happiness will multiply.
Another fact is more people can gether more strength, which is also the case of friends. When you have more friends, you will have more chances to exchang ideas and knowledge with each other. Therefore, your wisdom will increase. Just as a saying goes, the wiser you are, the happier you will be.
When I began my senior high, I just had two fiends. When I wanted to talk about my feelings with them, they were too busy. As time goes on, I have more friends. Whenever I need help or someone to listen to me, I can always find a friend or two.
In short, we live in the world and we need our friends this way or that way. The more friends you have, the happier you will be.
Language points
New Words and expressions
1. ordinary adj.普通的，平常的；平淡无奇的，平庸的；（尤指法官、主教）常任的
ordinary people 普通人，凡夫俗子 an ordinary day 平常的一天
ordinary temperature 常温 out of the ordinary 不平常的
词汇拓展
extraordinary adj. extra-表示“超出，在...之外”
extra+ordinary=extraordinary adj.异乎寻常的,非凡的,卓越的,特别的
extraordinarily adv. adv. 极其,极端地,不寻常地
练一练
1. 知道如何在书上做标记是一个非常重要的学习技巧。
2. 我认为自己就是一名普通的劳动者。
Knowing how to mark a book is an extraordinarily important study skill.
I regard myself as an ordinary working people.
New Words and expressions
2. dine v.进餐，吃饭；宴请
dine out 外食 dine in 在家吃 dine and wine sb 以酒饭招待某人
我们周末总是在外吃饭。
We always dine out at weekends.
词汇拓展
dinner n. 正餐，晚餐 dining room/hall 餐厅 canteen 食堂
dining table 餐桌
练一练
1. 我常酒饭款待他们。
2. 我走进了那家餐厅，想在离开前吃点东西。
I always dine and wine them.
I entered the restaurant to dine before I left/before my departure..
New Words and expressions
3. fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款；机会；运气
seek one's fortune　　找出路；碰运气 make a fortune 发了一笔财
try one's fortune 碰运气 make one’s fortune 发财
词汇拓展
fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky) unfortunate adj. 不幸的
be fortunate to do sth. 幸运做某事
词汇拓展
fortunately adv. 幸运地(＝luckily)
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
New Words and expressions
练一练
1. 在中国民间故事中，蝙蝠是好运的象征。
2. 我们必须勤劳致富。
3. 我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。
4. 他们不幸在途中遭遇了暴风雪。
In Chinese folk tales the bat is a symbol of good fortune.
We must make a fortune by means of industry.
I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started.
Unfortunately they ran into a snowstorm along/on the way.
New Words and expressions
4. drag vt.拖；拉；扯 dragging, dragged, dragged
drag sb. down　 使某人沮丧，把某人拖垮
drag ... out of ... 把……从……中拖出来
drag sb. into (doing) sth. 把某人拖入到(做)某事中
练一练
1. 他站起来，把椅子拖向桌子。
2. 它应该给予我们能量，而不是拖垮我们。
3. 治安联防员将这些人从车里拽了出来。
He stood up and dragged his chair toward the table.
The vigilantes dragged the men out of the vehicles.
It should give us enenrgy not drag us down.
New Words and expressions
5. couldn’t have done 表示对过去发生的事情的推测，语气比较肯定；该结构常常用于否定句或疑问句中，一般不用于肯定句中。
should＋have＋done，表示过去“本应该……(实际没做)”，实际上是说话人在表达责备、抱怨或遗憾的意思。
shouldn’t＋have＋done，表示过去“本不应该……(实际做了)”
must＋have＋done，表示对过去情况的推测，语气比较肯定，“当时一定做了”
needn't＋have＋done，表示过去“没有必要做”，但实际做了，有责备的意思。
New Words and expressions
练一练
1. 你不可能把它落在公共汽车上了，对吧？
2. 我们睡着时一定让贼入室偷了。
3. 我们本应在投票之前好好讨论一下才是。
4. 我对考试感到很紧张，但实际上我本不必担心，这次考试的确很容易。
You couldn't have left it on the bus, could you
We must have been burgled while we were asleep.
We should have had a proper discussion before voting.
I got very nervous about the exam, but actually I needn't have worried. It was really easy.
New Words and expressions
6. correspond v类似于，相当于；通信；相一致，符合
correspond to 与...相似，相当于 correspond with 与...一致，与...相符合
correspond with sb 与某人通信
词汇拓展
corresponding adj. 相应的，相关的
correspondent n. 记者，通信员，写信人
练一练
1. 你对事故的陈述与她说的不相符。
2. 美国的国会相当于英国的议会。(Congress国会，Parliament 议会)
3. 我定期与她通信。
Your statement of the accident doesn’t correspond with hers.
The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.
I correspond with her regularly.
New Words and expressions
7. distance v. 疏远，撇清和……的关系
n.距离，间距；远方
in the distance　　 在远处 distance educstion 远程教育
from a distance 从远处 within walking diatance 步行就能到
at a distance (of) 在…远的地方；距离稍远
keep one's distance (from) 　 (与……)保持距离
keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
词汇拓展
distant adj. 遥远的，久远的；冷淡的；心不在焉的；远亲的
distantly adv. 远离地，遥远地；疏远地，冷淡地；模糊地
远远地，他能听到海浪声。
Distantly, he could hear the sound of the sea.
New Words and expressions
练一练
1. 在远处，天空正在开始变亮。
2. 中央公园步行走得到吗？
3. 在互联网上距离已不再是一个问题。
4. 天文学家们最近发现了一个遥远的星系。
In the distance, the sky was beginning to brighten.
Is the Central Park within walkin diatance
Distance is not a problem any longer on the Internet.
Astronomers have discovered a distant galaxy recently.
New Words and expressions
8. turn up (意外地或终于)出现；到场；调高(声音)
turn over　　　　 翻转 turn on 打开
turn out 结果是 turn off 关闭
turn in 上交；呈递 turn to ... 转向；求助于
turn down 调低；拒绝 turn into... 变成...
in turn 轮流，依次，反过来turning point 转折点
练一练
1. Turn the heat __________ or it'll burn.
2. For some unknown reason , he failed to turn __________.
3. No one could have predicted that things would turn____________ this way.
4. The beetle lay there working its helpless legs, unable to turn ____________.
5. Why did she turn ____________ your invitation
6. In times of crisis I know which friends I can turn __________.
down/off
up
out
over
down
to
New Words and expressions
9. unfold v.打开，展开；呈现，逐渐明朗；发生，发展
un- 加于动词前，表“做出相反的动作”
fold 折叠— unfold 打开 lock 锁上—unlock 开锁
botton 系扣子—unbotton 解开扣子 cover 覆盖—uncover 揭开
pack 打包—unpack 打开包裹 do 做—undo 解开，松开，恢复原状
词汇拓展
un-用于形容词之前，表示“不”；
happy (adj.高兴的) → unhappy(adj. 不高兴的)
usual（adj. 通常的、寻常的）→ unusual（adj. 与众不同的，不寻常的）
aware（adj. 意识到）→ unaware（adj. 没意识到、没觉察到）
known （adj. 知名的、出名的） → unknown (adj. 未知的、不出名的)
comfortable （ adj. 舒服的） → uncomfortable (adj. 不舒服的)
练一练
1. We have an opportunity now to really ___________(解锁) the secrets of the universe.
2. The government said it was determined to ___________(揭露) the truth.
3. He was trapped in an ___________(不幸的) marriage.
4. ___________(展开) the flag first, and then hoist(升起) it quickly to the top of the flagpole.
5. The pressure they put us under was ________________(难以置信的).
6. His whereabouts have been utterly ___________(未知的) so far.
7. I couldn't sleep because the bed was so ________________(不舒服的).
8. His clumsy fingers couldn't ___________(解开) the knot.
unlock
uncover
unhappy
Unfold
unbelievable
unknown
uncomfortable
untie
New Words and expressions
10. shame n.羞耻,羞愧；羞耻心,羞耻感；令人惋惜的事,让人遗憾的事；耻辱,丢脸；
v.使感到羞耻（或羞愧）；使蒙羞，使丢脸；使黯然失色，使相形见绌
in shame 羞愧地 what a shame 真丢人
sense of shame 羞耻感
词汇拓展
shameful adj.丢脸的，可耻的 shameless adj.无耻的，不要脸的
ashamed adj.感到羞愧；羞于（做某事） be ashamed of 对...感到惭愧
练一练
1. 对他来说，撒谎是可耻的。
2. 他是个不要脸的骗子。
3. 你应为自己所做的事感到羞愧。
It's shameful for him to tell a lie.
He is a shmeless liar.
You should be ashamed of what you have done.
New Words and expressions
11. scene n．场景；(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色；景象
on the scene 　　在现场；当场 be/come on the scene 出现；到来；参与
behind the scenes 在幕后；秘密地 set the scene 提供条件；描述背景
词汇拓展
区分scene, scenery, view, sight
scene 戏剧中的“场”，当前的场景
scenery 指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色
view 从高处或某一特定的角度看到的景色
sight 视力，名胜、风景，表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数
除上述意义上的区分，还要注意固定搭配。
at the sight of 看到... on the scene 当场，在场
in/out of sight 看得/不见 in view of 鉴于，考虑到
New Words and expressions
单句语法填空
1. It was _____________(fortune) that no passenger got injured.
2. The task requires _____________(ordinary) patience and endurance.
3. _____________(fortune), there is nothing we can do to improve matters.
4. The child _____________(drag) away, kicking and screaming.
5. One ABC _____________(correspond) had totally missed the point of the question.
6. The American Congress corresponds _____________ the British Parliament.
7. The mountains rolled away to a _____________(distance) horizon.
8. It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone _____________ a distance.
9. When heated, ice can turn _____________ water.
10. It's _____________(believe) that technology has progressed in such a rapid way!
11. I feel quite _____________(shame) that I have not fulfilled the task.
12. She was ashamed _____________ her children's bad behaviour.
fortunate
extraordinary
was dragged
Unfortunately
correspondent
to
distant
at
into
unbelievable
ashamed
of
Thank
you
1. to understand characters in a novel
2. to learn to write the ending of a story
3. to arouse students’ interest in reading novels in English
Learning Objectives
Step 1. Developing ideas
Step 2. Presenting ideas
Step 3. Learning words and expressions
Using Language
词汇语法复习
根据汉义及句子结构填入适当的单词。
1. It was an unpopular decision _____________(延迟) building the new hospital.
2. Then they chose one __________ (克) for weighing water in a cubic centimetre.
3. The club will send a free information __________. (小包).
4. I tried to offer a few words of ____________ (安慰)．
5. I must warn you that my ____________ (耐心) is almost at an end.
6. We have not only ___________ (激情) but also responsibility.
7. Receiving lots of clothes from people, especially in winter, he was touched by people's _____________ (慷慨)．
8. Something cheap doesn't necessarily mean it's of low____________ (品质)．
9. Most ____________ (青少年) go through a period of rebelling.
to postpone
gram
pack
comfort
patience
passion
generosity
quality
teenagers
1. Maybe you have a habit _________ is driving your family crazy.
2. Some people thaink that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.
3. Across the aisle was seated a young girl, __________ eyes came back again and again from the man’s flowers.
4. We were told four ways to the top of the mountain, each of ________ took 60 minutes to complete.
5. To my surprise, more than 3,500 people participated in the race, among _________ was a disabled man!
6. I stopped the first cab __________ drove by my house.
7. He wasted it on something __________ is unnecessary.
填入正确的关系代词
which
who
whose
which
whom
that
that
单词识记
_______________ adj. 普通的，平常的 _______________ n. 摘录，节录
_______________ n. 伤疤 _______________ adj. 约定的，指定的
_______________ v. 进餐 _______________ v. 力求达到
_______________ n. 好朋友 _______________ v. 划(火柴)
_______________ n. 大笔钱，巨款 _______________ n.雪茄烟
_______________ v. 拖，拉 _______________ adj. 感到不好意思的
_______________ n. 命运 _______________ v. (卷着的东西)打开
_______________ v. 通信 _______________ n.地点，位置
_______________ v. 拼命干，努力干 _______________ n.周围的事物，环境
_______________ adj. 坚定的 _______________ n.个性，性格
_______________ n. 伙伴，搭档 _______________ n. 气氛，氛围
ordinary
scar
dine
chum
fortune
drag
destiny
correspond
hustle
staunch
excerpt
appointed
aim
strike
cigar
ashamed
unfold
location
surroundings
personality
partner
atmosphere
短语识记
________________________ 发财
________________________ 以...为背景
________________________ 应该，应当
________________________ (意外或终于)出现
________________________ 解决，算出来，制定出
________________________ 收到某人的信，获得某人的消息
________________________ 值得
________________________把...从...拖出来
________________________ 一两年后
________________________ 在一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚
________________________ 听起来很有趣
_______________________________ 普通人的日常生活
make one’s fortune
be set in
ought to
turn up
work out
hear from
be worth it
drag...out of...
after one year or two
on a cold dark night
sound pretty interesting
the everyday life of ordinary people