牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Reading (I) 课件(共98张PPT)

(共98张PPT)
Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
Reading (I)
What spring to your mind when talking about “scientists”
Lead-in
brainstorm
talented
curious
smart
hard-working
persistent坚持的
patriotic爱国的
What spring to your mind when talking about “scientists”
devotion(奉献)
talent
intelligence
hard work
persistence坚持
curiousity
imagination
deep thinking
patriotism爱国精神
Einstein & Hawking
Yuan Longping & Wu Mengchao
Lead-in
The scientist is motivated primarily by curiosity and a desire for truth.
— Irving Langmuir
motivate：使产生动机；激励
primarily ：主要地
a desire for ：对……的渴望
Yuan Longping
● In 1953, he _______________ South-west Agricultural College.
● In the 1970s, he ______ ___ _ _ the first hybrid rice varieties.
Scientists who changed the world
graduated from
succeeded in
Welcome to the unit
developing
Stephen Hawking
● He ___________ __ the field of general relativity.
● In 1988, A Brief History of Time was published and stayed on a bestseller list for __________.
Scientists who changed the world
made great contributions to
237 weeks
Welcome to the unit
Welcome to the unit
What else do you know about two scientists in the video
Pre-reading
What do you know about the Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel‘s will of 1895, are awarded to “those who, during the preceding year（上一年度）, have conferred（授予） the greatest benefit to humankind”.
Pre-reading
What do you know about the Nobel Prize
Mo Yan wins the Nobel Literature Prize
Mo Yan
Literature
Tu Youyou wins the Nobel Physiology or Medicine Prize
Tu Youyou
Physiology or
Medicine
Reading
Behind every scientific discovery lies a lot of hard work. The news report below describes the Chinese scientist Tu Youyou and her discovery of a life-saving medicine. Before you read the news report, think about the following questions:
Inverted pyramid 倒金字塔
the most important information
detailed information
background or supporting information
The tail
(optional)
The lead导语
The body
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
when, what
who
What's the features
Headline标题
Fast reading
Read for the lead of the news report.
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have a greatly increased chance of survival.
What is the main idea of the lead
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest disease in human history. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
why
Part 1 The lead（para.1）
What are usually included in a lead
Where,when,who,why,what, how
What should be provided in the rest part
Details and background information.
Para. 1: Tu Youyou won a Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of qinghaosu
Para. 2:
Paras. 3-5:
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
Para. 6:
The headline
The structure of the article
(1) Tu Youyou acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
(2)Tu Youyou and her team’s efforts finally paid off.
(3) Tu Youyou and her team solved a lot of problems before they successfully discovered qinghaosu.
(1)
(3)
(2)
Para. 1: Tu Youyou won a Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of qinghaosu
Part 1
The lead
Part 2
More detailed information about the event
Part 3
Background or supporting information
Para. 2: _____________________________________
____________________________________________
___________
Paras. 3-5: _______________________________
________________________________________
_____________
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
Para. 6: ________________________________
The headline
Part 3
Background or supporting information
The structure of the article
Tu Youyou and her team’s efforts finally paid off.
Tu Youyou acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
Tu Youyou and her team solved a lot of problems before they successfully discovered qinghaosu.
Tu’s personal experiences
屠呦呦的个人经历
1930
1951-1955
1969
1971
1972
2015
She won the Nobel Prize
She successfully discovered qinghaosu
She succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice
She was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province
She studied medicine at university in Beijing
She became head of a team that intended to find a cure for malaria
A2 More detailed information about the event
（para.3-5）
Problems Solutions
The extracts failed to produce any promising results.
Tu and her team could not produce enough qinghaosu extract because research resources were limited.
Tu and her team did not have sufficient safety data to start trials on patients.
Part 2 More detailed information about the event
（para.3-5）
问题①
解决方法①
解决方法②
A2 More detailed information about the event
（para.3-5）
Problems Solutions
The extracts failed to produce any promising results.
Tu and her team could not produce enough qinghaosu extract because research resources were limited.
Tu and her team did not have sufficient safety data to start trials on patients.
Part 2 More detailed information about the event
（para.3-5）
The extracts failed to produce any promising results.
问题②
解决方法
A2 More detailed information about the event
（para.3-5）
Problems Solutions
The extracts failed to produce any promising results.
Tu and her team could not produce enough qinghaosu extract because research resources were limited.
Tu and her team did not have sufficient safety data to start trials on patients.
Part 2 More detailed information about the event
（para.3-5）
The extracts failed to produce any promising results.
问题③
解决方法
A 3
What qualities(品质) did Tu show as a scientist Use details from the news report to support your idea.
She is well-educated(受过良好教育的).
（line 11-12）She has a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, which has proved useful in her research.
What qualities(品质) did Tu show as a scientist Use details from the news report to support your idea.
She is a determined （坚定的）person.
（line 21）She and her team didn't give up even after 190 failures.
(line 26)They worked day and night and their health began to suffer.
What qualities(品质) did Tu show as a scientist Use details from the news report to support your idea.
She is prepared to make big sacrifices(牺牲) for science.
（line 31-32）When there was insufficient data for trials,Tu and her team volunteered to test the ginghao extract on themselves
What qualities(品质) did Tu show as a scientist Use details from the news report to support your idea.
Further thinking

What contributes to Tu Youyou’s success
contribute to：促成
education
determination
succeeded after 190 failures;
worked day and night
a broad knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine
volunteered to test on themselves
Factors for success
成功的因素
sacrifice
教育
决心
奉献
Further thinking

Tu Youyou is the first chinese female scientist to win the Nobel Prize. In your opinion，what it significance of this achievement？
significance：意义
Part 3
Background or supporting information
In November ________, Tu and her team successfully discovered qinghaosu through ________ and ________. It has since ___________ about 200 million malaria patients. __________ a Nobel Prize in __________, Tu expected scientists to further __________ traditional Chinese medicine, __________ it to a higher level and discovering more medicines.
1972
trial
error
benefited
Awarded
2015
explore
raising

significance：意义
This has shown the importance of traditional Chinese medicine. Qinghaosu, as the key substance(材料) in many malaria medicines, has saved countless lives.
Tu Youyou's achievement has earned international recognition of traditional Chinese medicine.
As a female scientist,Tu has also inspired young female scientists to work harder to achieve their dreams.

significance：意义
Further thinking

What methods of demonstration does the author mainly employ to make the news report convincing State your opinion and list some examples.
(Para. 2) Born in 1930, …, between 1951 and 1955.
(Para. 3) In the 1960s, …, and in 1969, Tu …
She collected over 2,000 …
Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old …
On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, …
(Para. 6) In November 1972, …
… benefited about 200 million …
More than 40 years …
Further thinking
Listing data
Examples
Pragraph 1
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria,
one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
1. …one of the deadliest diseases... (line 4)
deadly adj. 致命的；非常的
adv. 如死一般地；非常地
____________n. 死亡，毁灭
_______ v. 死亡，枯萎
_______ adj. 死的，无生命的，麻木的， 死气沉沉的
death
die
dead
deadly adj. 致命的；非常的
adv. 如死一般地；非常地
翻译下划线部分:
1)We sat in deadly silence.
2)They are deadly enemies.
3)He would starve to death rather than（ 宁愿...而不愿）steal.
4)Her husband died suddenly last week.
默不作声地
不共戴天的敌人
饿死
突然死去
完成下列练习：
1) To defeat cholera,a disease of its day，was a real challenge to many scientists.
2)Wearing a uniform, he stood before the statue in memory of the ___________ (已故的)hero.
3)He didn't want to be attacked. This was why he
published his ideas before his (die).
death
deadly
dead
Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now
have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
多亏了她发现的青蒿素，如今全世界疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
2. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.（L5-7）
译:
survival n.生存，存活;残存物，幸存事物
vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，生还，幸免于
n. 幸存者，生还者
survive
survivor
由于她发现了青蒿素，全世界疟疾患者的生存机会大大增加。
【翻译下列划线部分的短语：】
1)A lot of small companies are at risk and they have to fight for survival.
2)Illegal hunting is threatening the survival of the species.
3)Man must also follow the law of nature: survival of the fittest.
4)I am sure she will survive this crisis.
为生存而奋斗
物种的生存
适者生存
渡过危机
/在危机中幸存下来
v.+-al- →n.
eg: survive→survival幸存 n.
refuse → refusal n.
arrive → arrival n. approve→approval n.
propose→proposal n.
remove →removal n.
拒绝
到达
同意
提议
免职；除去
学法点拨：
【完成下列练习：】
1)The workers built shelters for those who
(survive) the terrible earthquake.
2)The __________ (survive) in the disaster were rescued right away.
3)He needs that amount of money to .
4)Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us （survive）is to live in harmony with nature.
survived
survivors
survive
to survive
Pragraph 2
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.
1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江宁波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京读大学，学习药学。
After graduation, she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
毕业后，她在中医研究院工作。
She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring
a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.
她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。
结果
状语
Pragraph 3
Tu's education was soon to prove very useful. In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.
屠呦呦接受的教育很快被证明非常有用。20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个计划找到疟疾疗法的小组组长。
3.Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.（教材P44 L14）
译：
intend vi.&vt. 想要，计划，意指
n. 意图，目的
【翻译下列划线部分短语：】
1)They intend to launch a campaign to raise money.
2)The headmaster intended Jim to deliver a speech in front of the whole school.
屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
intention
打算发起一场活动
打算让Jim发表演讲
3)The book is intended for specialists in
linguistics（语言学）.
4)I had intended to come, but was prevented by the bad weather.
专为……准备（设计）的
本打算做某事，
表示过去未曾实现的愿望
【短语拓展：】
1)打算/想要做某事
2)打算让某人做某事
3)专为…准备/设计的
4)旨在做某事
5)had intended to do sth.
intend to do sth
intend sb. to do sth.
be intended for
本打算做某事
be intended to do
【完成下列练习：】
1)The book as well as the flowers _____ _________ _______(专为....准备) my mother, but my father thought they were for him and took them.
2)I didn’t ________ ____ _____ ______(打算让她看到) the painting until it was finished.
3)I don't intend _____________ (stay) long.
4)I have no ___________(intend) of going abroad after graduation.
was intended
for
intend her to see
to stay
intention
She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.
她收集了2,000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方，并从不同的草药中获取了数百种提取物。
When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
当这些未能取得任何有希望的结果时，屠呦呦就再次查阅中医典籍。
Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water,
Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
受一本1,600多年前的典籍中关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载的启发，屠呦呦重新设计了试验,并尝试在低温下提取这种草药，以不损害其有效成分。
On 4 October 1971, after 190 failures, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.
1971年10月4日，在历经190次失败之后，她成功制备出可以治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。
Pragraph 4
However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。
Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers.
屠呦呦团队成功找到了解决这个问题的方法。当时没有研究设备，他们只好用家用储水的容器来提取草药。
方式
状语
They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions, but they never gave up.
他们夜以继日地工作，由于恶劣的条件，他们的健康开始受损，但他们从未放弃。
Pragraph 5
Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem.
然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。
The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.
因为他们没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会推迟。
4.The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.
译：
postpone vt. 延迟;延期 （同义短语：put ）
n. 延期，缓期
off
postponement
因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上的实验有可能推迟。
【翻译下列划线部分的短语：】
1)It was an unpopular decision to postpone building the new hospital.
2)We will have to postpone the meeting until next week.
3)This project will be postponed for five months.
推迟做某事
把某事推迟到……
延期五个月
完成下列练习：
1)Let's _________ ________ ____ _________(推迟做决定)until we have more information.
2)The notice came around two in the afternoon
that the meeting _______ ______ _________（将会被推迟).
3）The game was interrupted by rain, so they had no alternative but (别无选择；只得；)
_____ _________(postpone) it.
postpone making a decision
would be postponed
to postpone
To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
为了加快进度并保证其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上试验青蒿提取物。
Pragraph 6
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.
屠哟哟团队的努力最终得到了回报。1972年11月，经过反复试验，他们成功地发现了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。
As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.
作为许多抗疟药物中的关键成分，青蒿素迄今已经造福了近2亿疟疾患者。
More than 40 years after its discovery, Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.
在发现青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。
In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.
在她的获奖演讲上，屠呦呦鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库，并让其更上一层楼。
Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
也许下一代的科学家利用中医的智慧，确实能发现更多有益于全世界医疗保健的药物。
后置
定语
In her Nobel Lecture, Tu Youyou__________ the strengths of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and pointed out that there is great potential for future advances if scientists make good use of these strengths. Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may finally________.
referred to (提到)
pay off
（取得成功）
B1
What's the author's attitude towards traditional Chinese medicine and Wester medicine
A good example to illustrate this point is the discovery of qinghaosu in 1972, which was _________ as an effective treatment for malaria.
intended
B1
The Chinese herb qinghao, from which qinghaosu comes, has been used to cure diseases for almost 2,000 years. However, it was not until the 1970s that （直到）Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed ___________.
experiments
B1
非限制性定语从句
By then, the fight against malaria had achieved only _______ success. Since the discovery of qinghaosu, the survival rate of malaria patients has increased by around 30%.
limited
B1
Without her _________ knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. It is important that scientists draw on the ________ of both fields. With _________ research, many more medical discoveries like qinghaosu are likely to be made.
B1
broad
wisdom
sufficient
Step Ⅲ 句法天地
Step Ⅲ 句法天地
1）However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. (教材P47)
译文：然而,直到20世纪70年代,在多次失败的实验之后,屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。
【句式分析：】该句式是not until……(直到…才)，用于 句中。
强调句：it was not until ... that
强调
【观察思考：】
①The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.
②It was not until the child fell asleep that the mother left the room.
③Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
【归纳拓展】：
①it was/is not until...that...为对not...until...进行强调的句型,表示 　 。
②在含有not...until...的主从复合句中,当not until置于
句 时,主句用 倒装。
直到……才
首
部分
【完成下列句子】：
①Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.
②It was not near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
③I was performing this action of waiting it later became a habit.
that
until
until
【完成下列句子】：
④Not until he retired from teaching three years ago he consider having a holiday abroad.
⑤ he returned to his hometown he found great changes had happened.
did
It was not until
that
B2
Parts of speech Suffixes Words
Adjectives -dom
-ness
wisdom, freedom
effectiveness, usefulness, kindness, loneliness, happiness
wise,
free
effective, useful, kind, lonely, happy
Parts of speech Suffixes Words
Verbs -al
-ance
-ure
survival, arrival, approval, proposal,
refusal, removal
appearance, acceptance, performance, assistance
failure, pleasure, exposure
survive, arrive, approve, propose,
refuse, remove
appear,
accept,
perform,
assist
fail,
please,
expose(揭露)
Parts of speech Suffixes Words
Adjectives/Verbs/ Nouns -age
shortage, marriage, passage, percentage
short, marry,
pass, percent
Examples from the news report
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientists of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
In November 1972, through trial and error, they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.
B3
Use a noun phrase to explain a term, thus making it easier to understand. A comma or a dash is often put before the explanation.
The doctor asked me to have a good rest and take some aspirin—____________________________
After surgery, the man was sent to ICU, ____________________________.
Use a noun phrase to explain a term, thus making it easier to understand. A comma or a dash is often put before the explanation.
The doctor asked me to have a good rest and take some aspirin—a medicine often used to treat pain and fever.
After surgery, the man was sent to ICU（intensive care unit）, a department in a hospital that provides specialized(专门的) treatment or care（照料）.
Write a news report about another scientist.
P
The headline
The lead—general introduction
More detailed information about the event—early education, process of discovery …
Background or supporting information—significance of discovery …
Practice
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Polish the news report and share it in groups.
homework