北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained 课件（53张PPT）
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| 名称 | 北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained 课件（53张PPT） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 北师大版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-09-21 20:49:26 | ||
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(共53张PPT)
Unit 9 Lesson 3
Epidemics Explained
Learning
Objectives
01
02
03
I can master some important words and phrases in the context;
I can make and confirm guesses based on a general underdtanding;
I can read for general information and specific information about epidemics:
04
I can notice the organisational structure of a
passage and search online for information and present findings to the class.
Do you know the following words and phrases after the preview
1.在短时间内____________ 2. 和...接触___________
3.将...分类_________________ 4. 一定数量的________________
5. 与sth相反____________ 6. 创造一个更美好的未来________________
7. 详细叙述__________ 8. 有记载/记录的 ___________
9. 度过/熬过困难时期___ 10.构成威胁_____________
11. 感染率 _________ 12.在...的过程中_____________________
13. 作为...的结果 ___________ 14.导致 ___________
15. 从...中康复过来 ____ 16. 查明/发现___________________
17. 提出/想出_________________ 18.在全球范围内_________________________
19. 媒体报道 _ 20.将…和…相提并论 __________________
within a short period of time
come into contact with
be classified as
a certain number of
as opposed to
creative a more positive future
go into detail
on record
in the course of
get through
pose a threat
infection rates
as a result of
result in
get over
get it
come up with
across the globe
press report
draw parallels between...and...
Pre-reading
What epidemics do you know about
COVID-19
COVID-19 is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. The COVID-19 is the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness first detected in Wuhan, Hubei province, China.
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness that was recognized as a global threat in March 2003, after first appearing in Southern China in November 2002.
Ebola Virus Disease
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a deadly disease with occasional outbreaks that occur mostly on the African continent. EVD most commonly affects people and nonhuman primates. It is caused by an infection with a group of viruses within the genus Ebola virus.
□ An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease.
□ An epidemic can affect a large number of people in a given population.
□ An epidemic can occur within a short period of time, usually two weeks
or less.
□ An epidemic may spread to several countries or continents.
□ Some common viruses, such as the common cold, are not epidemics.
□ A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus that people caught
in the past.
Look at the above pictures and talk about the common points of epidemics.
What do you know about epidemics Tick the statements that you think are correct.
√
√
√
√
√
√
Activate & Share
Reading
Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.
1. What is an epidemic
2. How can a disease be classified as an epidemic
An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time — usually two weeks or less.
Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
Fast-Reading
In order of time
In order of space
In order of logic
In order of place
Read the passage again and find all the epidemics mentioned in the passage.
Epidemics
bird flu —— line 19
1918 Spanish Flu —— line 26
Black Death —— line 33
SARS —— line 43
Ebola Virus Disease —— line 53
How does the passage develop
Reading
Name Period Places Death toll
Bird Flu ×
Epidemics in the Roman Empire
The Black Death ×
The Spanish Flu ×
SARS ×
EVD
since 1997
more than a hundred lives
500 — 550 CE
Rome
half the population
1330s
Asia and Europe
1918 — the end of World War I
50 million people
2002 — 2003
China, Canada, Vietnam and Singapore
2013-2016
West Africa
more than 11310 death
Read the passage carefully. Complete the table about the epidemics mentioned. Then choose one disease to talk about with a partner.
Reading
Developing Concepts Based on the Text
Concepts are not always clearly defined in a text. You need to read and develop your understanding.
Read the text to get the general idea.
Identify all the information related to the concept, e.g. examples, developments, effects, etc.
Organise the information and explain the concept from different angles.
Read and understand the content in the Skill Builder.
Post-reading
□ when epidemics started
□ examples of epidemics
□ treatments
□ baseline number of deaths of epidemics
□ definition
□ when it ended
□ possible causes of epidemics
□ possible solutions
Tick the aspects of information that are mentioned in the passage.
√
√
√
√
√
Post-reading
Epidemics
definition of epidemics
baseline number of deaths of epidemics
examples of epidemics
when epidemics started
when it ended
work together to fight epidemics
Use a diagram to demonstrate in a logical way how the aspects of information are organised.
Post-reading
Post-reading
What are the main features of an epidemic Give at least two examples to illustrate your points.
What should different countries do to prevent outbreak of epidemics in the future Why
Who do you think the passage is written for
What does the title mean to you What does the writer want to convey in the passage
Work in groups and discuss the questions.
Post-reading
What are the main features of an epidemic Give at least two examples to illustrate your points.
Post-reading
They should work together because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives. This is a good example of building a community with shared future for mankind.
2 What should different countries do to prevent outbreak of epidemics in the future Why
Post-reading
3 Who do you think the passage is written for
This is a popular science article. It is more likely to be written for people who is interested in this topic or who has a lot of questions or misunderstanding of epidemics.
◆ The title means that the passage will explain questions about
epidemics.
◆ The author wants to convey the information that we are always
on our way to find an explanation to epidemics so as to find
cure. It also implies that epidemics occurred naturally and
inevitably(不可避免地). We can only explain it, and cannot
prevent it or stop it completely now.
4 What does the title mean to you What does the writer want to convey in the passage
Post-reading
Epidemics can be caused by …
Diseases can only be officially classified as epidemics when …
The Spanish Flu spread worldwide because …
Since the end of the SARS epidemic, scientists …
Countries need to work together to conduct thorough and systematic research because …
Complete these sentences in your own words.
Post-reading
Epidemics can be caused by a virus being carried into an area, or changes in the way people live.
Diseases can only be officially classified as epidemics when a baseline number of people have died from the disease.
The Spanish Flu spread worldwide because soldiers and other people were moving and travelling around the world after World War I.
Since the end of the SARS epidemic, scientists have been doing experiments on treatments to prevent further outbreaks.
Countries need to work together to conduct thorough and systematic research because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.
Post-reading
Search online in groups and find some information about epidemics in China or Asia. Report your information to the class.
Assignment
COVID-19 is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. The COVID-19 is the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness first detected in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Since December 2019, cases have been identified in a growing number of countries. And the number continues to increase ...
1.教材原句p.58 A new epidemic can be a direcrent variation of a virus that people caught in the past. 一种新的流行病可能是过去人们感染的病毒的不同变种。
variation n. 变化物，变体；差异，变动
The dial records very slight variations in pressure.
该刻度盘能显示很微小的压力变化。
Language points
【词汇拓展】思考总结variation 的同根词：
完成句子
（1） Our customs （各地不同）.
单句语法填空
（2） People vary preference for colour.
（3） There’s no doubt that customs vary the times.
（4）［词汇复现］Take it easy! Jackets are available in （vary）colours.
（5）［词汇复现］Disneyland，a fantasy amusement park，which offers a （vary）of attractions for tourists，brings you into a magical world.
（6） This soup is a spicy （vary）on a traditional favourite.
vary from place to place
in
with
various
variety
variation
2.教材原句p.58 Each disease can only oicially be classified as an epidemic... ……某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。
classify vt. 将……分类；把……归入一类
be classified by/according to 根据……分类
be classified into 被分成……
be classified as 被划分为……
【词语积累】classification n. 分类；类别，等级
【学法点拨】思考总结以 -ify/-fy 为动词后缀，表示“使得，变成”的常见动词：
simple → simplify vt. 简化 pure → purify vt. 净化
beautiful → beautify vt. 美化 identity → identify vt. 认出，识别
单句语法填空
（1） It is required that the books in the library should be （classify）by different topics.
（2） From the classical class，the student with glasses knows the （classify）of classics.
（3） It means we have not allowed ourselves __________________（classify）as objects.
（4） The application form has now been （simple）.
完成句子
（5） Men in the post office （根据……将邮件分类） places it is to go.
（6）We usually types of characters （把……划分为）good and bad.
classified
classification
to be classified
simplified
classify mail according to
classify
as
3. 教材原句p.58 ...as opposed to more common diseases，such as the u，that have a higher baseline. ……与此相反， 常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。
opposed adj. 与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物
搭配：be opposed to（doing）sth 反对（做）某事
as opposed to 与……截然相反；而，相对于
This exercise develops suppleness as opposed to（= rather than） strength.
I came up with a proposal，and nobody was opposed to it.
思考总结：试写出表“同意/反对”的词组：
单句语法填空
（1） Many local people opposed （build）the new airport.
（2）The majority of members were opposed my proposal，which upset me greatly.
（3）We are strongly （oppose） to racial prejudice.
（4） There are 200 people attended，as opposed 300 the previous year.
（5）To tell the truth，I am strongly opposed to （clone）any kind of animals no matter what circumstances.
building
to
opposed
to
cloning
同义句转换
（6） I was against the unfair judgement.
→ ______________________________________________________
→ ______________________________________________________
→ ______________________________________________________
I opposed the unfair judgement.
I was opposed to the unfair judgement.
I objected to the unfair judgement.
4. 教材原句p.59 ...because one visible symptom was black spots on the body. 由于患者身上会出现明显的黑斑症状……
visible adj. 看得见的
The house is clearly visible from the beach. 从海滩可以清楚地看到那所房子。
【词语积累】 invisible adj. 无形的，看不见的 visibly adv. 明显地；易察觉地
The password should be invisible to us. 密码对我们来说应该是不可见的
填空
（1） I caught a glimpse of her in the crowd but soon she was （visible）.
（2） He was very （visible）upset to hear of some of the things that were told in the Ryan Report and how the children had suffered.
（3） There are many stars invisible the naked eye.
完成句子
（4） He showed （不露声色）.
invisible
visibly
to
no visible sign of emotion
5. 教材原句p.59 Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones... 刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们的亲人……
get through
（1）（设法）做完；完成；通过（测试等）；渡过（难关）
It is estimated that we have got through half of the construction of our fence.
（2）设法联系上（尤指打通电话）
I’m afraid the phone is out of order and I can’t get through.
【归纳拓展】
get across 被理解 get around 传播；流传 get over 克服；控制
get along with（和某人）和睦相处；进展 get in 进入；收割
get on 进展，进步 get away with 带着……潜逃；做坏事而未受到惩罚
get down to（doing）sth 开始认真（做）某事
单句语法填空
（1） If we can get our present difficulties，then everything should be in good condition.
（2） Anyway，we’re here now，so let’s get down first some complicated tasks.
（3）［词汇复现］The only comfort for him in these depressing days is that he has got his graduation essay.
（4） I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening， but there must be something wrong with the network；I can’t seem to get .
（5）［词汇复现］The farmer was so absorbed in getting his crops that he didn’t notice a snake winding in front of him.
over
to
through
through
in
11 bury vt. 埋葬，安葬；埋藏
bury one’s face/head in sth 把脸/ 头埋在某物里be buried in/bury oneself in 埋头/专心于
She sat there，buried in thought.
She buried her face in her hands and began to cry.
He has buried himself in reciting English words since the winter vacation began.
=He has been buried in reciting English words since the winter vacation began.
The girl was sitting on a park bench，burying herself in/buried in/ absorbed in her book.
Burying herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.
思考总结：“投入/专注于...”的表达方式：
单句语法填空
（1） The old photos （bury）at the bottom of the suitcase reminded me of those happy old days.
同义句转换
（2）［词汇复现］ （bury）in the fiction， the boy has forgotten all around him.
= （bury）himself in the fiction， the boy has forgotten all around him.
完成句子
（3）［词汇复现］ （埋头于）the farm work， Tom didn’t notice the eruption occur.
（4） After the argument，she （专心于）her study.
buried
Buried
Burying
Buried in/Burying himself in
was buried in/buried herself in/was absorbed in
6. 教材原句p.59 As a result of the war，more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history... 战争引发的人口流动前所未有……
as a result of 由于；作为……的结果
The plan failed as a result of lack of finance.
【词语辨析】as a result of 与 as a result
as a result of“由于；作为……的结果”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
as a result“因此，结果”，一般放在句首，后面常加逗号。
There is no doubt that his drunk driving resulted in the accident.
选词填空（as a result/as a result of）
（1） He had some bad fish. ， he felt ill this morning.
（2）［词汇复现］He can’t participate in the sports meeting his serious injuries in an accident.
单句语法填空
（3） His laziness resulted his failure； that is to say，his failure resulted _________his laziness.
（4）［词汇复现］A lot of people in this area died as result of the outbreak last year.
As a result
as a result of
in
from
a
7.教材原句p.59 ...such epidemics no longer posed a threat...
……这种大规模流行病不会再对人类构成威胁……
pose vt. & n. （1）vt. 造成，引起，产生（问题、危险、困难等）
pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk 构成威胁 / 挑战 /危险 /风险 pose as sb佯装 / 冒充sb
They pose a serious threat to security.
（2）n.（为画像、拍照等而摆的）姿势，姿态
The photographer asked her to rearrange herself in another pose.
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］The man posed himself a specialist to cheat the farmer to buy his products.
（2） The fellow entered the building （pose）as a workman.
完成句子
（3） Radio waves that mobile phones emit may not _______________（对……构成威胁）health.
as
posing
pose a threat to
8. 教材原句p.59 ...scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks. ……科学家们一直在试验各种治疗手段，以防止未来疫情再爆发。
trial n. 试验；审判，审理
be on trial在试验中；在受审中 trial and error 反复试验 stand trial/go on trial受到审判
bring to trial送交法院审判 come to trial开庭审理
The new drug is undergoing clinical trials. 这种新药正在进行临床试验。
单句语法填空 He’s trial for murder.
完成句子
（2） They didn’t know how to put in a central heating system，but they managed it by ________________（反复试验）.
（3） She will （受到审判）for fraud.
（4）［词汇复现］The man who hurt the whale on purpose will （送交法院审判）.
be brought to trial
stand trial/go on trial
trial and error
on
9 outbreak n.（战争或疾病）爆发，突然发生
the outbreak of war 战争的爆发
The cholera outbreak has been contained. 霍乱的爆发已被遏制住。［词汇复现］
The area was struck by the outbreak of epidemic. 这一地区突然发生了流行病。
思考总结： v. + adv. → n.（由动词短语转化而来的合成名词）
break down 出故障→ breakdown n. 故障
break through 突破→ breakthrough n. 突破
put out 生产，输出→ output n. 产量，输出
come in 进来→ income n. 收入
come out 出现，结果是→ outcome n. 结果，后果
10. Despite, or perhaps because of, the epidemics the world has faced in recently years, governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.
1. despite 虽然；尽管=in spite of
Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.
despite oneself 不由自主地；禁不住地
He had to laugh despite himself.
2. get at
1) 查明；弄清楚We have to get at the truth. Who stole his wallet
2) 触及；够着；抓住
A goat was standing up against a tree on its hind legs, trying to get at the leaves.
一只山羊后腿撑地，搭着树站立起来，试图去够叶子。
重点句式
教材原句p.58 With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird u and killer epidemics of the past， Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics...
with + 宾语+ 宾补常在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随等。形式有：
（1）with + 宾语 + 形容词/副词/介词短语(表示状态)
He determined to return to his homeland with the situation there depressing.
He left the office，with the light on.
He came in with a book in his hand.
（2）with + 宾语 + 现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）
With the specialist directing him，he has made up his mind to grow his own vegetables in greenhouses.
（3）with + 宾语 + 过去分词（表示被动或已经完成）
With all the work finished，they hurried back home for lunch.
（4）with + 宾语 + 动词不定式（表示尚未发生）
With so many things to deal with，I can’t go on holiday.
单句语法填空
（1）With the exact date （settle）， it is time for us to plan for the basketball tournament.
（2）［词汇复现］The whole playground was excited， with the audience （cheer） enthusiastically for the athletes.
（3）［词汇复现］With air pollution （get） worse，the government needs to come up with some effective measures to deal with it.
（4）［词汇复现］With so many goats and cattle （attend）to，the little boy was depressed，because he couldn’t play with his friends.
（5） With everything she needed （buy），she went home happily.
（6）［词汇复现］With too many people （stare）at her，the little girl was very nervous and couldn’t speak fluently.
（7） The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already （lay）for a meal to be cooked.
完成句子
（8） The old man walked in （手里拄着一根拐杖）.
settled
cheering
getting
to attend
bought
staring
laid
with a stick in his hand
教材原句p.59 Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50% 的人口死于这一流行病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。 现在分词短语作结果状语
通常放在句末。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可加 thus 或therefore，相当于so 或so that 引导的结果状语从句。
Carbon burns in oxygen or air，therefore forming carbon dioxide.
碳在氧气或空气中燃烧，因而形成了二氧化碳。
I woke up in the morning，only to find the outside world greatly changed. （出乎意料）
Great changes have taken place in our country in the past few years， making it one of the powerful countries in the world. （顺其自然）
单句语法填空
（1） It rained heavily， （cause）severe flooding in that country.
（2）［词汇复现］He managed to contain himself at the meeting yesterday，_________（avoid） a conflict with his boss.
（3）We hurried to the station，only （tell）that the train had left.
（4）［词汇复现］He underlined the sentences that he didn’t understand， （make） it easier for him to turn to his teacher.
（5） Yesterday I went to see him，only （learn）that he had gone abroad two days before.
（6） He comes home very late every evening， （make）his wife very angry.
causing
avoiding
to be told
making
to learn
making
教材原句p.59 Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months， the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history. 西班牙流感在18 个月内造成5 000 万人死亡，成为历史上最严重的流行病。
【句式分析】Having killed up to...为现在分词的完成式作状语，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 现在分词的完成式作状语 表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.
Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.（被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前）
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］ （have）a thorough cleaning yesterday，our school looks tidier and more beautiful.
（2） ________________（finish）all the tests，we began our holiday.
（3） _________________（injure）in the training，Tom couldn’t play in the basketball season.
（4） （build）more highways，China makes it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
Having had
Having finished
Having been injured
Having built
Finish the exercises in your paper sheet.
Learning
Objectives
01
I can practise using phrasal verbs
Grammar P61
phrasal verbs
短语动词
Phrasal Verbs
1. 定义
短语动词是由两三个单词组成的动词，可以是及物的（带宾语），也可以是不及物的（不带宾语）。
2. 构成
1）动词+介词
2）动词+副词
3）动词+名词/代词+介词
4）动词+副词+介词
动词+介词
He was eager to get into politics.。
It’s time for us to come to a conclusion.
I like to go for a jog after work.
动词+副词
She’d gladly have gone anywhere to get away from the cottage.
I came across a group of children playing.
They were so far away that I couldn’t make out their faces clearly.
动词+名词/代词+介词
In some countries, people are making use of the heat in the center of the earth.
I accused him of the crime.
Mary is taking care of the children.
动词+副词+介词
Young adults must break away from their parents’ control in order to achieve independence .
You’ll have to work very hard to make up for the time you lost.
Word Builder Phrasal Verbs (2) at into over up with through under up away
(The prepositions and adverbs may be used more than once.) go get come Choose prepositions or adverbs in the box to make phrasal verb with the three verbs in the Word Builder.
at, into, over, through, up, away
at, into, over, through, up, away
at, into, over, up with, under, up, away
go at sb = attack sb 攻击某人 e.g. They went at each other furiously.
go into sth 详细调查(或研究)某事 e.g. We need to go into the question of costs.
go over sth
(1) 仔细检查某物 e.g. Go over your work before you hand it in.
(2) 反复研究，仔细琢磨 e.g. He went over the events of the day in his mind.
go through sth
(1) 仔细检查某物
(2) 经历，遭受 e.g. She’s been going through a bad patch recently.
go up（价格，温度等）上涨，上升 e.g. The price of vegetables is going up.
go away 消失 e.g. The smell hasn’t gone away.
go
get at sb 一再批评某人 e.g. She feels she’s being got at.
get at sth 获悉，了解，查明，发现 e.g. The truth is sometimes difficult to get at.
get into sth 费力穿上 e.g. I can’t get into these shoes — they’re too small.
get over sth 解决，克服，控制 e.g. She can’t get over her shyness.
get through sth 耗尽 e.g. We got through a fortune while we were in New York.
get up 起床 e.g. John always gets up early.
get away 度假，休假 e.g. We’re hoping to get away for a few days at Easter.
get
come at sb 扑向（某人） e.g. She came at me with a poster.
come at sth （用某方法）考虑，思考
e.g. We’re getting nowhere — let’s come at it from another angle.
come into sth 继承，得到（遗产）
e.g. She came into a fortune when her uncle died.
come over sb 影响某人 e.g. A fit of dizziness came over her.
come up with 想出；提出；拿出（一笔钱等）
e.g. She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
come under sth 归入，归类 e.g. What heading does this come under
come up（太阳）升起 e.g. We watched the sun to come up.
come away 脱落，分离
e.g. The plaster had started to come away from the wall.
come
1. The medical expert asked a few questions to try to _____________ the truth.
2. Books on epidemics _____________ the medicine section of the store.
3. During this course, we’ll _____________ the main causes of bird flu.
4. It took him a week to _____________ the flu.
5. Has your headache _____________ yet
6. The price of this drug has _____________ twenty cents since August.
7. Are you willing to stand by him and help him _____________ this difficult time.
8. Jordan has _____________ some creative ideas for helping the sick.
Use the phrasal verbs to complete the following sentences.
come at
go under
go over
get over
get over
gone up
go through
come up with
get at go into get over go away
get through come under go up come up with
1. Articles on brain _____________ biology.
2. The company will _____________ a new technique for detecting doping.
3. As a Medicine major, he always _____________ the reasons for diseases.
4. Diseases come on horseback, but _____________ on foot.
5. Sometimes, it is not easy to __________ the doctor’s meaning.
6. It took me a long time to __________ my cold.
7. Numbers of patients __________ because of the poor air condition.
8. I cannot imagine how people in the north will _________ such a long and cold winter.
Choose the correct phrasal verbs to complete the sentences.
come under
come up with
goes into
goes away
get at
get over
go up
go through
Write a paragraph about what you have learnt from this lesson with words that go together.
Unit 9 Lesson 3
Epidemics Explained
Learning
Objectives
01
02
03
I can master some important words and phrases in the context;
I can make and confirm guesses based on a general underdtanding;
I can read for general information and specific information about epidemics:
04
I can notice the organisational structure of a
passage and search online for information and present findings to the class.
Do you know the following words and phrases after the preview
1.在短时间内____________ 2. 和...接触___________
3.将...分类_________________ 4. 一定数量的________________
5. 与sth相反____________ 6. 创造一个更美好的未来________________
7. 详细叙述__________ 8. 有记载/记录的 ___________
9. 度过/熬过困难时期___ 10.构成威胁_____________
11. 感染率 _________ 12.在...的过程中_____________________
13. 作为...的结果 ___________ 14.导致 ___________
15. 从...中康复过来 ____ 16. 查明/发现___________________
17. 提出/想出_________________ 18.在全球范围内_________________________
19. 媒体报道 _ 20.将…和…相提并论 __________________
within a short period of time
come into contact with
be classified as
a certain number of
as opposed to
creative a more positive future
go into detail
on record
in the course of
get through
pose a threat
infection rates
as a result of
result in
get over
get it
come up with
across the globe
press report
draw parallels between...and...
Pre-reading
What epidemics do you know about
COVID-19
COVID-19 is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. The COVID-19 is the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness first detected in Wuhan, Hubei province, China.
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness that was recognized as a global threat in March 2003, after first appearing in Southern China in November 2002.
Ebola Virus Disease
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a deadly disease with occasional outbreaks that occur mostly on the African continent. EVD most commonly affects people and nonhuman primates. It is caused by an infection with a group of viruses within the genus Ebola virus.
□ An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease.
□ An epidemic can affect a large number of people in a given population.
□ An epidemic can occur within a short period of time, usually two weeks
or less.
□ An epidemic may spread to several countries or continents.
□ Some common viruses, such as the common cold, are not epidemics.
□ A new epidemic can be a different variation of a virus that people caught
in the past.
Look at the above pictures and talk about the common points of epidemics.
What do you know about epidemics Tick the statements that you think are correct.
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Activate & Share
Reading
Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.
1. What is an epidemic
2. How can a disease be classified as an epidemic
An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time — usually two weeks or less.
Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.
Fast-Reading
In order of time
In order of space
In order of logic
In order of place
Read the passage again and find all the epidemics mentioned in the passage.
Epidemics
bird flu —— line 19
1918 Spanish Flu —— line 26
Black Death —— line 33
SARS —— line 43
Ebola Virus Disease —— line 53
How does the passage develop
Reading
Name Period Places Death toll
Bird Flu ×
Epidemics in the Roman Empire
The Black Death ×
The Spanish Flu ×
SARS ×
EVD
since 1997
more than a hundred lives
500 — 550 CE
Rome
half the population
1330s
Asia and Europe
1918 — the end of World War I
50 million people
2002 — 2003
China, Canada, Vietnam and Singapore
2013-2016
West Africa
more than 11310 death
Read the passage carefully. Complete the table about the epidemics mentioned. Then choose one disease to talk about with a partner.
Reading
Developing Concepts Based on the Text
Concepts are not always clearly defined in a text. You need to read and develop your understanding.
Read the text to get the general idea.
Identify all the information related to the concept, e.g. examples, developments, effects, etc.
Organise the information and explain the concept from different angles.
Read and understand the content in the Skill Builder.
Post-reading
□ when epidemics started
□ examples of epidemics
□ treatments
□ baseline number of deaths of epidemics
□ definition
□ when it ended
□ possible causes of epidemics
□ possible solutions
Tick the aspects of information that are mentioned in the passage.
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Post-reading
Epidemics
definition of epidemics
baseline number of deaths of epidemics
examples of epidemics
when epidemics started
when it ended
work together to fight epidemics
Use a diagram to demonstrate in a logical way how the aspects of information are organised.
Post-reading
Post-reading
What are the main features of an epidemic Give at least two examples to illustrate your points.
What should different countries do to prevent outbreak of epidemics in the future Why
Who do you think the passage is written for
What does the title mean to you What does the writer want to convey in the passage
Work in groups and discuss the questions.
Post-reading
What are the main features of an epidemic Give at least two examples to illustrate your points.
Post-reading
They should work together because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives. This is a good example of building a community with shared future for mankind.
2 What should different countries do to prevent outbreak of epidemics in the future Why
Post-reading
3 Who do you think the passage is written for
This is a popular science article. It is more likely to be written for people who is interested in this topic or who has a lot of questions or misunderstanding of epidemics.
◆ The title means that the passage will explain questions about
epidemics.
◆ The author wants to convey the information that we are always
on our way to find an explanation to epidemics so as to find
cure. It also implies that epidemics occurred naturally and
inevitably(不可避免地). We can only explain it, and cannot
prevent it or stop it completely now.
4 What does the title mean to you What does the writer want to convey in the passage
Post-reading
Epidemics can be caused by …
Diseases can only be officially classified as epidemics when …
The Spanish Flu spread worldwide because …
Since the end of the SARS epidemic, scientists …
Countries need to work together to conduct thorough and systematic research because …
Complete these sentences in your own words.
Post-reading
Epidemics can be caused by a virus being carried into an area, or changes in the way people live.
Diseases can only be officially classified as epidemics when a baseline number of people have died from the disease.
The Spanish Flu spread worldwide because soldiers and other people were moving and travelling around the world after World War I.
Since the end of the SARS epidemic, scientists have been doing experiments on treatments to prevent further outbreaks.
Countries need to work together to conduct thorough and systematic research because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.
Post-reading
Search online in groups and find some information about epidemics in China or Asia. Report your information to the class.
Assignment
COVID-19 is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. The COVID-19 is the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness first detected in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Since December 2019, cases have been identified in a growing number of countries. And the number continues to increase ...
1.教材原句p.58 A new epidemic can be a direcrent variation of a virus that people caught in the past. 一种新的流行病可能是过去人们感染的病毒的不同变种。
variation n. 变化物，变体；差异，变动
The dial records very slight variations in pressure.
该刻度盘能显示很微小的压力变化。
Language points
【词汇拓展】思考总结variation 的同根词：
完成句子
（1） Our customs （各地不同）.
单句语法填空
（2） People vary preference for colour.
（3） There’s no doubt that customs vary the times.
（4）［词汇复现］Take it easy! Jackets are available in （vary）colours.
（5）［词汇复现］Disneyland，a fantasy amusement park，which offers a （vary）of attractions for tourists，brings you into a magical world.
（6） This soup is a spicy （vary）on a traditional favourite.
vary from place to place
in
with
various
variety
variation
2.教材原句p.58 Each disease can only oicially be classified as an epidemic... ……某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。
classify vt. 将……分类；把……归入一类
be classified by/according to 根据……分类
be classified into 被分成……
be classified as 被划分为……
【词语积累】classification n. 分类；类别，等级
【学法点拨】思考总结以 -ify/-fy 为动词后缀，表示“使得，变成”的常见动词：
simple → simplify vt. 简化 pure → purify vt. 净化
beautiful → beautify vt. 美化 identity → identify vt. 认出，识别
单句语法填空
（1） It is required that the books in the library should be （classify）by different topics.
（2） From the classical class，the student with glasses knows the （classify）of classics.
（3） It means we have not allowed ourselves __________________（classify）as objects.
（4） The application form has now been （simple）.
完成句子
（5） Men in the post office （根据……将邮件分类） places it is to go.
（6）We usually types of characters （把……划分为）good and bad.
classified
classification
to be classified
simplified
classify mail according to
classify
as
3. 教材原句p.58 ...as opposed to more common diseases，such as the u，that have a higher baseline. ……与此相反， 常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。
opposed adj. 与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物
搭配：be opposed to（doing）sth 反对（做）某事
as opposed to 与……截然相反；而，相对于
This exercise develops suppleness as opposed to（= rather than） strength.
I came up with a proposal，and nobody was opposed to it.
思考总结：试写出表“同意/反对”的词组：
单句语法填空
（1） Many local people opposed （build）the new airport.
（2）The majority of members were opposed my proposal，which upset me greatly.
（3）We are strongly （oppose） to racial prejudice.
（4） There are 200 people attended，as opposed 300 the previous year.
（5）To tell the truth，I am strongly opposed to （clone）any kind of animals no matter what circumstances.
building
to
opposed
to
cloning
同义句转换
（6） I was against the unfair judgement.
→ ______________________________________________________
→ ______________________________________________________
→ ______________________________________________________
I opposed the unfair judgement.
I was opposed to the unfair judgement.
I objected to the unfair judgement.
4. 教材原句p.59 ...because one visible symptom was black spots on the body. 由于患者身上会出现明显的黑斑症状……
visible adj. 看得见的
The house is clearly visible from the beach. 从海滩可以清楚地看到那所房子。
【词语积累】 invisible adj. 无形的，看不见的 visibly adv. 明显地；易察觉地
The password should be invisible to us. 密码对我们来说应该是不可见的
填空
（1） I caught a glimpse of her in the crowd but soon she was （visible）.
（2） He was very （visible）upset to hear of some of the things that were told in the Ryan Report and how the children had suffered.
（3） There are many stars invisible the naked eye.
完成句子
（4） He showed （不露声色）.
invisible
visibly
to
no visible sign of emotion
5. 教材原句p.59 Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones... 刚刚熬过战争的人们现在不得不埋葬他们的亲人……
get through
（1）（设法）做完；完成；通过（测试等）；渡过（难关）
It is estimated that we have got through half of the construction of our fence.
（2）设法联系上（尤指打通电话）
I’m afraid the phone is out of order and I can’t get through.
【归纳拓展】
get across 被理解 get around 传播；流传 get over 克服；控制
get along with（和某人）和睦相处；进展 get in 进入；收割
get on 进展，进步 get away with 带着……潜逃；做坏事而未受到惩罚
get down to（doing）sth 开始认真（做）某事
单句语法填空
（1） If we can get our present difficulties，then everything should be in good condition.
（2） Anyway，we’re here now，so let’s get down first some complicated tasks.
（3）［词汇复现］The only comfort for him in these depressing days is that he has got his graduation essay.
（4） I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening， but there must be something wrong with the network；I can’t seem to get .
（5）［词汇复现］The farmer was so absorbed in getting his crops that he didn’t notice a snake winding in front of him.
over
to
through
through
in
11 bury vt. 埋葬，安葬；埋藏
bury one’s face/head in sth 把脸/ 头埋在某物里be buried in/bury oneself in 埋头/专心于
She sat there，buried in thought.
She buried her face in her hands and began to cry.
He has buried himself in reciting English words since the winter vacation began.
=He has been buried in reciting English words since the winter vacation began.
The girl was sitting on a park bench，burying herself in/buried in/ absorbed in her book.
Burying herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.
思考总结：“投入/专注于...”的表达方式：
单句语法填空
（1） The old photos （bury）at the bottom of the suitcase reminded me of those happy old days.
同义句转换
（2）［词汇复现］ （bury）in the fiction， the boy has forgotten all around him.
= （bury）himself in the fiction， the boy has forgotten all around him.
完成句子
（3）［词汇复现］ （埋头于）the farm work， Tom didn’t notice the eruption occur.
（4） After the argument，she （专心于）her study.
buried
Buried
Burying
Buried in/Burying himself in
was buried in/buried herself in/was absorbed in
6. 教材原句p.59 As a result of the war，more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history... 战争引发的人口流动前所未有……
as a result of 由于；作为……的结果
The plan failed as a result of lack of finance.
【词语辨析】as a result of 与 as a result
as a result of“由于；作为……的结果”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
as a result“因此，结果”，一般放在句首，后面常加逗号。
There is no doubt that his drunk driving resulted in the accident.
选词填空（as a result/as a result of）
（1） He had some bad fish. ， he felt ill this morning.
（2）［词汇复现］He can’t participate in the sports meeting his serious injuries in an accident.
单句语法填空
（3） His laziness resulted his failure； that is to say，his failure resulted _________his laziness.
（4）［词汇复现］A lot of people in this area died as result of the outbreak last year.
As a result
as a result of
in
from
a
7.教材原句p.59 ...such epidemics no longer posed a threat...
……这种大规模流行病不会再对人类构成威胁……
pose vt. & n. （1）vt. 造成，引起，产生（问题、危险、困难等）
pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk 构成威胁 / 挑战 /危险 /风险 pose as sb佯装 / 冒充sb
They pose a serious threat to security.
（2）n.（为画像、拍照等而摆的）姿势，姿态
The photographer asked her to rearrange herself in another pose.
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］The man posed himself a specialist to cheat the farmer to buy his products.
（2） The fellow entered the building （pose）as a workman.
完成句子
（3） Radio waves that mobile phones emit may not _______________（对……构成威胁）health.
as
posing
pose a threat to
8. 教材原句p.59 ...scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks. ……科学家们一直在试验各种治疗手段，以防止未来疫情再爆发。
trial n. 试验；审判，审理
be on trial在试验中；在受审中 trial and error 反复试验 stand trial/go on trial受到审判
bring to trial送交法院审判 come to trial开庭审理
The new drug is undergoing clinical trials. 这种新药正在进行临床试验。
单句语法填空 He’s trial for murder.
完成句子
（2） They didn’t know how to put in a central heating system，but they managed it by ________________（反复试验）.
（3） She will （受到审判）for fraud.
（4）［词汇复现］The man who hurt the whale on purpose will （送交法院审判）.
be brought to trial
stand trial/go on trial
trial and error
on
9 outbreak n.（战争或疾病）爆发，突然发生
the outbreak of war 战争的爆发
The cholera outbreak has been contained. 霍乱的爆发已被遏制住。［词汇复现］
The area was struck by the outbreak of epidemic. 这一地区突然发生了流行病。
思考总结： v. + adv. → n.（由动词短语转化而来的合成名词）
break down 出故障→ breakdown n. 故障
break through 突破→ breakthrough n. 突破
put out 生产，输出→ output n. 产量，输出
come in 进来→ income n. 收入
come out 出现，结果是→ outcome n. 结果，后果
10. Despite, or perhaps because of, the epidemics the world has faced in recently years, governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.
1. despite 虽然；尽管=in spite of
Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.
despite oneself 不由自主地；禁不住地
He had to laugh despite himself.
2. get at
1) 查明；弄清楚We have to get at the truth. Who stole his wallet
2) 触及；够着；抓住
A goat was standing up against a tree on its hind legs, trying to get at the leaves.
一只山羊后腿撑地，搭着树站立起来，试图去够叶子。
重点句式
教材原句p.58 With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird u and killer epidemics of the past， Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics...
with + 宾语+ 宾补常在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随等。形式有：
（1）with + 宾语 + 形容词/副词/介词短语(表示状态)
He determined to return to his homeland with the situation there depressing.
He left the office，with the light on.
He came in with a book in his hand.
（2）with + 宾语 + 现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）
With the specialist directing him，he has made up his mind to grow his own vegetables in greenhouses.
（3）with + 宾语 + 过去分词（表示被动或已经完成）
With all the work finished，they hurried back home for lunch.
（4）with + 宾语 + 动词不定式（表示尚未发生）
With so many things to deal with，I can’t go on holiday.
单句语法填空
（1）With the exact date （settle）， it is time for us to plan for the basketball tournament.
（2）［词汇复现］The whole playground was excited， with the audience （cheer） enthusiastically for the athletes.
（3）［词汇复现］With air pollution （get） worse，the government needs to come up with some effective measures to deal with it.
（4）［词汇复现］With so many goats and cattle （attend）to，the little boy was depressed，because he couldn’t play with his friends.
（5） With everything she needed （buy），she went home happily.
（6）［词汇复现］With too many people （stare）at her，the little girl was very nervous and couldn’t speak fluently.
（7） The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already （lay）for a meal to be cooked.
完成句子
（8） The old man walked in （手里拄着一根拐杖）.
settled
cheering
getting
to attend
bought
staring
laid
with a stick in his hand
教材原句p.59 Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. 现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50% 的人口死于这一流行病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。 现在分词短语作结果状语
通常放在句末。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可加 thus 或therefore，相当于so 或so that 引导的结果状语从句。
Carbon burns in oxygen or air，therefore forming carbon dioxide.
碳在氧气或空气中燃烧，因而形成了二氧化碳。
I woke up in the morning，only to find the outside world greatly changed. （出乎意料）
Great changes have taken place in our country in the past few years， making it one of the powerful countries in the world. （顺其自然）
单句语法填空
（1） It rained heavily， （cause）severe flooding in that country.
（2）［词汇复现］He managed to contain himself at the meeting yesterday，_________（avoid） a conflict with his boss.
（3）We hurried to the station，only （tell）that the train had left.
（4）［词汇复现］He underlined the sentences that he didn’t understand， （make） it easier for him to turn to his teacher.
（5） Yesterday I went to see him，only （learn）that he had gone abroad two days before.
（6） He comes home very late every evening， （make）his wife very angry.
causing
avoiding
to be told
making
to learn
making
教材原句p.59 Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months， the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history. 西班牙流感在18 个月内造成5 000 万人死亡，成为历史上最严重的流行病。
【句式分析】Having killed up to...为现在分词的完成式作状语，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 现在分词的完成式作状语 表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.
Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.（被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前）
单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］ （have）a thorough cleaning yesterday，our school looks tidier and more beautiful.
（2） ________________（finish）all the tests，we began our holiday.
（3） _________________（injure）in the training，Tom couldn’t play in the basketball season.
（4） （build）more highways，China makes it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
Having had
Having finished
Having been injured
Having built
Finish the exercises in your paper sheet.
Learning
Objectives
01
I can practise using phrasal verbs
Grammar P61
phrasal verbs
短语动词
Phrasal Verbs
1. 定义
短语动词是由两三个单词组成的动词，可以是及物的（带宾语），也可以是不及物的（不带宾语）。
2. 构成
1）动词+介词
2）动词+副词
3）动词+名词/代词+介词
4）动词+副词+介词
动词+介词
He was eager to get into politics.。
It’s time for us to come to a conclusion.
I like to go for a jog after work.
动词+副词
She’d gladly have gone anywhere to get away from the cottage.
I came across a group of children playing.
They were so far away that I couldn’t make out their faces clearly.
动词+名词/代词+介词
In some countries, people are making use of the heat in the center of the earth.
I accused him of the crime.
Mary is taking care of the children.
动词+副词+介词
Young adults must break away from their parents’ control in order to achieve independence .
You’ll have to work very hard to make up for the time you lost.
Word Builder Phrasal Verbs (2) at into over up with through under up away
(The prepositions and adverbs may be used more than once.) go get come Choose prepositions or adverbs in the box to make phrasal verb with the three verbs in the Word Builder.
at, into, over, through, up, away
at, into, over, through, up, away
at, into, over, up with, under, up, away
go at sb = attack sb 攻击某人 e.g. They went at each other furiously.
go into sth 详细调查(或研究)某事 e.g. We need to go into the question of costs.
go over sth
(1) 仔细检查某物 e.g. Go over your work before you hand it in.
(2) 反复研究，仔细琢磨 e.g. He went over the events of the day in his mind.
go through sth
(1) 仔细检查某物
(2) 经历，遭受 e.g. She’s been going through a bad patch recently.
go up（价格，温度等）上涨，上升 e.g. The price of vegetables is going up.
go away 消失 e.g. The smell hasn’t gone away.
go
get at sb 一再批评某人 e.g. She feels she’s being got at.
get at sth 获悉，了解，查明，发现 e.g. The truth is sometimes difficult to get at.
get into sth 费力穿上 e.g. I can’t get into these shoes — they’re too small.
get over sth 解决，克服，控制 e.g. She can’t get over her shyness.
get through sth 耗尽 e.g. We got through a fortune while we were in New York.
get up 起床 e.g. John always gets up early.
get away 度假，休假 e.g. We’re hoping to get away for a few days at Easter.
get
come at sb 扑向（某人） e.g. She came at me with a poster.
come at sth （用某方法）考虑，思考
e.g. We’re getting nowhere — let’s come at it from another angle.
come into sth 继承，得到（遗产）
e.g. She came into a fortune when her uncle died.
come over sb 影响某人 e.g. A fit of dizziness came over her.
come up with 想出；提出；拿出（一笔钱等）
e.g. She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
come under sth 归入，归类 e.g. What heading does this come under
come up（太阳）升起 e.g. We watched the sun to come up.
come away 脱落，分离
e.g. The plaster had started to come away from the wall.
come
1. The medical expert asked a few questions to try to _____________ the truth.
2. Books on epidemics _____________ the medicine section of the store.
3. During this course, we’ll _____________ the main causes of bird flu.
4. It took him a week to _____________ the flu.
5. Has your headache _____________ yet
6. The price of this drug has _____________ twenty cents since August.
7. Are you willing to stand by him and help him _____________ this difficult time.
8. Jordan has _____________ some creative ideas for helping the sick.
Use the phrasal verbs to complete the following sentences.
come at
go under
go over
get over
get over
gone up
go through
come up with
get at go into get over go away
get through come under go up come up with
1. Articles on brain _____________ biology.
2. The company will _____________ a new technique for detecting doping.
3. As a Medicine major, he always _____________ the reasons for diseases.
4. Diseases come on horseback, but _____________ on foot.
5. Sometimes, it is not easy to __________ the doctor’s meaning.
6. It took me a long time to __________ my cold.
7. Numbers of patients __________ because of the poor air condition.
8. I cannot imagine how people in the north will _________ such a long and cold winter.
Choose the correct phrasal verbs to complete the sentences.
come under
come up with
goes into
goes away
get at
get over
go up
go through
Write a paragraph about what you have learnt from this lesson with words that go together.