课件29张PPT。Unit 4 EarthquakesUnit 4 Earthquakes定语从句The Attributive Clause 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。
引导定语从句的关联词有：1.定语从句关系代词：who, whom
whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where2. 定语从句的位置定语从句放在被修饰成分之后。e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.先行词定语从句The book is very good. I have read it.3.先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:The book is very good. I have read that/which.The book that/which I have read is very good.The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
3.先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw whom yesterday.The girl whom we saw yesterday is Mary.3.先行词和关系词的关系We saw some trees.
The tree’s leaves were black with disease.We saw some trees.
whose leaves were black with disease.We saw some trees whose leaves were black
with disease.He lived in a room. The room’s window faces south.He lived in a room whose window faces south.4. 关系代词的句法功能及指代功能
关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：
1. 连接主从句的纽带
2. 指代先行词
3. 在从句中充当某种句子成分。
在从句
中的作用指代
功能I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news.I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.
(物/主/不可省) which 指物, 在句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。I showed him the letter.I received it this morningI showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.
(物/宾/可省)that 指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。They’re talking about the man.I have seen the man.They’re talking about the man (that) I’ve seen. (人/宾/可省)It was written by Laoshe.Jane has borrowed the book.Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Laoshe.
（物/主/不可省）The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend.
（主/不可省）The boy is my friend.
He is reading a book over there.who指人, 在从句中作主语，不可省，作宾语, 可省略。He is a famous singer
You saw him just now.
He is a famous singer (who/whom) you saw just now. (宾/可省)whom指人, 在从句中作宾语, 可省略。The girl is from America.I called her just now.The girl (whom ) I called just now is from America.（人/宾/可省）The girl got first.
Her father had given us a report.The girl whose father had given us a report got first.
whose father=the father of whom
= of whom the fatherWhose可指人或物, 在从句中作定语, 不可省略。（=of whom/which the + n;
the +n+ of whom /which）* 先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定语从句必须用that 引导。all, every, any, little, few, much, no, only, very, the + 序数词, the + 形容词最高级e.g. This is the cleanest park that you can imagine.e.g. He talked about the things and persons he had visited in the city.* 在 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。that e.g. Who is the man is standing over there?thate.g. This is the only book that has been written in French.当先行词是 one, ones, anybody, anyone,
all, none, those 等, 指人时一般用 who,
不用 that。
Those who want to go to the cinema
will have to wait at the gate of the school. 先行词是人, 从句中作宾语时, 用whom或that(介词后不用that)。The teacher wants to return the book to the girl
from whom she borrowed it. 在从句
中的作用指代
功能 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Is there anything _____ I can do for you?
which B. who
C. whom D. that D2. I have seen some strange trees, _____ open at sunrise and close at sunset.
A. which the leaves B. whose leaves
C. which leaves D. their leaves
3. All _____ we need is enough rest after long hours’ work.
the thing B. that
C. what D. whichBB4. On the train I saw a girl _____ I thought was your sister.
who B. whom
C. which D. what
5. Have you seen the film “Titanic” ____ leading actor is world-famous?
its B. that
C. whose D. whichACHomework1. Finish the exercises on page 29.
2. Read the passage on Page 64 and
finish exercises. 课件51张PPT。Unit 4 EarthquakesUnit 4Grammar The Attributive Clause applethe red
the green
the small
the bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is small.The apple which is green is big.the handsome
the tall
the strong
the clever
the naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom. The kinds of attribute(定语):1.He is an honest boy.
2.We love our country.
3.What’s your telephone number?
4.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.修饰, 限定5.The foreigner who visited our
school yesterday is from Canada. The positions of the attribute:
（定语的位置）1. This is a flower basket.
2. This is a basket full of flowers.
3. This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.（单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）She is the girl who can speak English very well.The Attributive clause 1 定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句
先行词引导词关系词关系
代词关系
副词who whomthat whichwhosewhen
where
why{1 The woman is a teacher.
2 The woman lives next door.The woman who lives next door is a
teacher. The nurse is kind.
The nurse looks after my sister. {The nurse who/that looks after my
sister is kind. Kevin is reading a book. The book is too
difficult for him.Kevin is reading a book which / that is too
difficult for him. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical
music.I have a friend who / that likes listening to
classical music.Many people were afraid to swim in the sea. They saw the film Jaws.Many people who / that saw the film were
afraid to swim in the sea.It is about a big white shark. It attacks
swimmers .It is about a big white shark which / that
attacks swimmers.The boys who / that are playing football
are from Class One. (主语)The man (whom / that) you met just now
is my teacher.(宾语)Plane is a machine which / that can fly.(主语)This is the pen (which / that) he bought
yesterday.(宾语)Yesterday she talked with one woman ____ husband died in that accident.
A. which B. whose
C. of which D. thatB关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whose,可理解为“…的”Which baby is Jack?穿红裤子的baby是Jack。The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.whose trousers are redwho is wearing red trousersJackWhich house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy houseThe house the roof of which is brown is
mine.I know the doctor.
His daughter studies abroad.I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.Have you seen my book?
The book’s cover is red.Have you seen my book whose cover is red.1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there.
2. I like the rooms ______windows face south.
3.This is the desk ______legs were broken. whosewhosewhose把下列句子分成两层意思:The one million people of the city, who
thought little of these events, went to bed
as usual that night.1 The one million people of the city went to bed as usual that night.
2 The one million people of the city thought little of these events.
It was heard in Beijing, which is one
hundred kilometers away.1 It was heard in Beijing.
2 Beijing is one hundred kilometers away.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long
and thirty metres wide cut across houses,
roads and canals.1 A huge crack cut across houses, roads
and canals.
2 A huge crack was eight kilometres long
and thirty metres wide.The number of people who were killed or
Injured reached more than 400, 000.1 The number of people reached more than 400, 000.
2 Those people were killed or injured. The army organized teams to dig out those
who were trapped and to bury the dead.1 The army organized teams to dig out people and to bury the dead.
2 Those people were trapped. Beijing is the city ___________has got the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Games.the city / get the chance to host the 2008 Olympic Gameswhich / thatYe Xin is a nurse__________died in the
fight against SARS. a nurse/ die in the fight against SARSwho / thatTitanic is the ship ___________sank after
hitting an iceberg.which/thatHalloween is a day is also called The eve of All Saints'Day.whichRose and Jack are the lovers who met on the ship.Rosethe lady/meet Jack on TitanicRose is
met Jack on TitanicJackthe young man /want to save Rosethe man /want to kill JackCalJack is
wanted to save RoseCal is
wanted to kill Jack.the lady whothe young man whothe man whothe ship / sink into the oceanthe ship / is the most beautiful
in the world at that timeTitanic is
sank into the ocean.Titanic is
was the most beautiful in the word at that time.the ship thatthe ship thatthe Heart of Oceanthe diamond / is worn by RoseThe Heart of Ocean is
was worn by Rose.the diamond / is dropped
into the ocean by RoseThe Heart of Ocean is
was dropped into the ocean by Rose the diamond thatthe diamond that关系代词:1. that可指人，可指物, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 前面不能加介词。）
2. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 若介词提前则不能省)
3. who指人, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 前面不能加介词。）
4. whom 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 若介词提前则不能省) 一般多用that的情况：I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.I’ve read all the books that are not mine. (1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,anything, little, much 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。who或which的问句中。
Who is the girl that drove the car?
Which is the book that you bought last week?
(6) 主句以There be 引导时 There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing.
(7) 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時
She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago.英译中1 Due to the break-up of traffic and communication, there hasn’t been any news about the 100,000 people in Wenchuan which is in the center of the earthquake up till now. 由于交通和通信的中断，震中汶川县内的10万人口尚无任何信息传出来。 2 The survivors who are waiting to be
rescued will face the shortage of clean
water, shelter, food, and medicine. 等待救援的幸存者将面临缺乏净水、
庇护所、食物、和药物的困境。 All _____ we need is to be supplied with food and clothing.
A. what B. that C. which D. whom
2.The man_______talked to you just now is an engineer.
A. who B. whose C. which D. whatExercises:3. Can you tell me the name of the factory_____ you visited last week?
A. what B. in where C. / D. when
4. I don’t like the way____ you speak to her.
A. that B. in that C. who D. whose5. The most important thing____ we
should pay attention to is the first
thing ______ I have said.
A. which; that
B. that; which
C. which; which
D. that; that6. She spent the whole evening talking
about the things and persons____ none
of us has ever heard of.
A. which B. who
C. whom D. that7. Who is the person________ is talking
about the accident ______ happened
on Highway 104?
A. which; which B. who; what
C. that; that D. what; what1._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. what高考链接2.The famous basketball star, _____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. who3. Her sister has become a lawyer, ______ she wanted to be.
A. who????
B. that????
C. what????
D. which4. Do you have any idea _______ is
actually going on in the classroom?
A. that????
B. what????
C. as????
D. which5. Last month, part of Southeast Asia
was struck by floods, from ____
effects the people are still
suffering.?
A. that????
B. whose????
C. those????
D. what6. Women ____ drink more than two
cups of coffee a day have a greater
chance of having heart disease than
those ____ don’t. A. who; 不填??
B. who; 不填??
C. who;? who??
D. 不填；不填7. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it8. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad．
A. that
B. all that
C. all what
D. which
