新概念英语第二册 Lesson 21 Mad or not? 笔记

【New words and expressions】（4）
mad [m d] adj. 发疯的，疯狂的
eg. a mad person 一个精神失常的人
be mad about sth. 对…疯狂
eg. I am mad about playing mahjong.
我对打麻将疯狂。
I am going bananas.(口) 我快疯了！
reason [ ri zn] n. 原因
the reason for …的原因
eg the reason for getting the ticket 收到罚单的原因
Students gave many different reasons for arriving school late. 学生们给出了许多上学迟到的理由。
sum [s m] n. 量 + [u] （同音异义词：some 一些）
(sum 只搭配 money)
a sum of money 一笔钱
a small sum of money 一小笔钱
a large sum of money 一大笔钱
amount / deal 量 + [u]
a large amount/deal of water 大量的水
a number of + [c]复 一些 = some (二册L:4)
(n.)数字
a large/great number of + [c]复 许多
a small number of + [c]复 少量的
determined [d t m nd] adj. 坚定的, 下决心的
determine (v.) 决定，确定
eg. determine a date/place
确定一个日期/地方
be determined to do sth. 决定做某事
= decide to do sth.
= make a decision to do sth.
= make up one’s mind to do sth.
【Text】
Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.
飞机正在逐渐把我逼疯。
aeroplane = airplane = plane 飞机
are driving (现在进行时态am/is/are + doing)
drive (v.) 驾驶（实意动词） —— driver (n.) 驾驶员
驱使，逼迫（使役动词）
drive drove driven
drive + sb. + adj.
eg. drive me mad 把我逼疯了
drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事
eg. Hunger drove her to steal. 饥饿逼得她去偷窃。
This experience drove me to learn Japanese.
这次的经历迫使我去学日语。
I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
我住在一个机场附近, 过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。
pass (v.)通过，及格，传递 passed passed/pa:st/
(n.) 证件，通行证（派司）
past/pa:st/ (adv.) 通过 (n.) 过去
pass = swim/go/walk/fly/jump/run past
passing plane 正在通过的飞机
eg. falling leaves(单数：leaf) 正在掉落的树叶
developing country 发展中国家
(developed country 发达国家)
a smiling face 一张笑脸
（动名词作前置定语，用来修饰名词，表示：正在做……）
eg. a swimming pool 游泳池
a reading room 阅览室
a dinning room 食堂
a sleeping car 卧铺车厢
（动名词作前置定语，用来修饰名词，表示：用来做……）
can be heard 能够被听到
(情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + done)
hear heard heard 听到
night and day 日以继夜，夜以继日 = day and night
The airport was built (some/several) years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then.
机场是许多年前建的, 但由于某种原因当时未能启用。
was built 被建造
（被动语态：be + done， 时态体现在be动词上）
build built built 建造
ago …以前（一般过去时态的标志词）
for some reason 为了某种原因
some + [c]复/[u] 一些…
some + [c]单 某个/某种
eg. For some reason, he can’t come tomorrow.
为了某种原因，他明天不能来。
For some reasons, he sold his house.
为了一些原因， 他卖了房子。
could not be used 不能被使用
Last year, however, it came into use.
然而去年机场开始使用了。
last year/month/week 去年/上个月/上星期
this year/month/week 今年/这个月/这星期
next year/month/week 明年/下个月/下星期
however 然而（插入语）
come came come
固定词组：
come into use 投入使用
come into view 映入眼帘（主动的形态，表被动的意思）
（view 视野）
eg. When will the library come into use
这家图书馆什么时候将投入使用？
The village will come into view at the next turn.
拐个弯，就可以看到村子了。
= The village will be seen at the next next turn.
= We will see the village at the next turn.
Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.
有100多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。
hundred 百（无论前面的数字有多大，hundred都不加s）
thousand 千（无论前面的数字有多大，thousand都不加s）
eg.1200 twelve hundred
一册L:69
hundreds of 成百上千，几百
thousands of 成千上万，几千
people 人们，人（集合名词，出现即为复数，后面跟复数的谓语动词）
person 人（单数，后面跟单数的谓语动词）
persons 人们（复数，后面跟复数的谓语动词）
over (prep.) 在…上 （垂直正上方）
eg. The plane is flying over the village.
over + 数字 = more than + 数字
（本文）大于，多于 (many/much more most)
eg. over a hundred people 超过100个人
drive drove driven 驾驶，逼迫，驱使
drive away 驱走，赶走 （away 离开—adv.）
give away 赠送
put away 收拾
情态动词表推测：
1、对现在表推测：
must be 一定是，肯定是
could/may/might be 可能是（can 无肯定）
can’t be /couldn’t be 不可能是
may not be /might not be 可能不是
2、表过去表推测：
must have done 当时一定是，当时肯定是
could /may/might have done 当时可能是（can无肯定）
can’t have done/couldn’t have done
当时不可能是
may not have done/ might not have done
当时可能不是
I am one of the few people left.
我是少数留下来的人中的一个。
少：
few + [c] 少到几乎没有（否定词）
a few + [c] 一些，少量
little + [u] 少到几乎没有（否定词）
a little + [u] 一些，少量
one of + 复数名词 + 单数的谓语动词
…之一
leave left left 离开，留下
Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.
有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒。
一册L:51
一般现在时态的标志词：
sometimes 有时候
usually 通常
always 总是，一直
often 经常，常常
sometimes 有时候
some times 几次，几倍
some time 一段时间
sometime 某个时间点
knock sb. down 撞倒某人
knock sth. down 拆除某人
will be knocked down 一般将来时态的被动语态
I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.
他们曾向我提供一大笔钱让我搬走, 但我决定留在这儿。
= A large sum of money have been offered to me.
offer (n.) 通知单
(v.) 提供 = give 给
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
= give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.
have been offered (现在完成时态的被动语态)
go away 离开 = leave
be determined to do sth. 决定做某事
stay 停留， arrive 到达
stay/arrive in + 大地方
stay/arrive at + 小地方
Everybody says （I must be mad and they are probably right.间接引语/宾语从句）
大家都说我肯定是疯了, 也许他们说的是对的。
everybody/everyone/everything 每个人/每件事
（视作单数第三人称， 后面用单数的谓语动词）
probably (adv.) 也许，可能，大概
各种时态的被动语态的表达：
The bridge was built (build) last year.
一般过去时态的被动语态 : was/were + done
build built built
The Olympic Games is held (hold) every four years.
hold a meeting 开会，举行会议
一般现在时态的被动语态： am/is/are +done
hold held held
The problem is being discussed (discuss) at the meeting now.
现在进行时态的被动语态：am/is/are + being + done
discuss discussed discussed
His new book will be published (publish) next month.
一般将来时态的被动语态：will be done
publish published published
The classroom hasn’t been cleaned (clean) yet.
到目前为止：（现在完成时态）
yet 还(否定句、疑问句)
eg. I haven’t had dinner yet. 我还没吃饭。
so far = up to now = up till now
现在完成时态的被动语态：have/has been done
The machine was being repaired (repair) at this time yesterday.
at this time = at this moment = at present = now
此刻，目前，现在
过去进行时态的被动语态：was/were + being + done
repair repaired repaired
eg. at 2 yesterday/ from 2 to 6 yesterday
She said (the report had been typed (type) by herself for two weeks.间接引语/宾语从句)
for + 时间段 （现在完成时态）
过去完成时态的被动语态：had + been + done
type typed typed
Miss Li said (the book would be given (give) to the students the next morning. 间接引语/宾语从句)
过去将来时态的被动语态：would + be + done
give gave given
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.