新概念英语二册Lesson 15 Good news详细教案笔记

【New words and expressions】（5）
secretary [ sekr tri] n. 秘书
secret n. 秘密
★ nervous [ n v s] adj. 精神紧张的（事情发生时）
be nervous about sb./sth. 对…紧张
eg. He was so nervous about this child that he couldn’t
sleep.
他很紧张他的孩子，睡不着。
反：calm (adj.) 冷静的
eg. Please keep calm. 请保持冷静。
worried (adj.) 担心（对以后发生的事）
be worried about sb./sth. 对…担忧
afford [ f d] vt. 负担得起
(常与can、can’t连用)
afford + sth.
eg. I can’t afford the house. 我买不起这房子。
I can only afford one week for the trip.
我只有一个星期能够旅行。
afford + to do sth.
eg. I can’t afford to wait for the bus any longer.
我不能再等车了。
(not…any longer 不再…)
I can’t afford to be ill again. 我不能再生病了。
v. 提供 = give 给（双宾语）
afford sb. sth. = afford sth. to sb.
= give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.
eg. He afforded us a room for the night.
晚上，他提供给我们一间房。
= He afforded a room for the night to us.
weak [wi k] adj. 弱的
同音异义词：week (n.) 星期
反义词：strong adj. 强壮的
eg. weak tea/coffee 淡茶/淡咖啡
strong tea/coffee 浓茶/浓咖啡
I felt weak in the legs. 我感到双腿无力。
(feel felt felt感觉)
= My legs felt weak.
a weak person 一个软弱的人
I’m weak at cooking. 我不擅长烹饪。
(be weak at… 在某方面差 = be bad at…)
interrupt [ nt r pt] v. 插话, 打断
interruption n. 插话，打断
[语法]:直接引语 间接引语
人称变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
“一随主”：是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，那么从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
eg. He said, “I am a good boy.”(直接引语)
He said he was a good boy. (间接引语)
“二随宾”： 是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句中的宾语一致。
eg. He asked Kate ,“How is your sister now ”（直接引语）
He asked Kate how her sister was then. (间接引语)
“第三人称不更新”：是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称不变化。
eg. Mr. Smith said, “ Jack is a good boy.” (直接引语)
Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy. (间接引语)
二、时态变化：在原有时态基础上 + 一般过去时态
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时does/is/am/are 一般过去时did/was/were
一般将来时will do 过去将来时would do
现在进行时am/is/are doing 过去进行时was/were doing
过去进行时was/were doing 过去进行时was/were doing
一般过去时did 过去完成时had done
现在完成时have/has done 过去完成时had done
过去完成时had done 过去完成时had done
【课文讲解】
The secretary told me （that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.）（间接引语/宾语从句）
秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。
定冠词：the （特指）
不定冠词：a/an （泛指）
原形 过去式 过去分词
tell told told 告诉
eg. I love my mother.
主语 谓语 宾语
My mother loves me.
主语 谓语 宾语
动作的实施者：主语； 动作的承受者：宾语
tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事 = tell sth. to sb.
that（连词）
will(原形) —— would （过去式）
will + do 一般将来时态
would + do 过去将来时态（站在过去，展望未来）
would在这里不是表示单纯的过去将来时，而是表示“想要…”的意思：
eg.—— Would you like to have some coffee 你想要喝杯咖啡吗？
—— I would like to have some tea. 我想要喝点茶。
= want to do sth. 想要做某事(一册L:43)
eg. John wouldn’t lend me his bicycle.
= John doesn’t want to lend me his bicycle.
约翰不肯把他的自行车借给我。
改直接引语：
The secretary told me,“Mr. Harmsworth will see you.”
I felt very nervous （when I went into his office.）
我走进他的办公室，感到非常紧张。
feel /i:/ felt/e/ felt 感觉
go went gone 去
(When I went into his office,) I felt very nervous.
when (连词) 当 —— 引导时间状语从句
go into 进入 = enter (entered entered)
went into 进入 = entered
office (n.) 办公室 —— officer (n.) 官员
He did not look up from his desk （when I entered.）
我进去的时候，他连头也不抬。
look 看（vi.——不及物动词，强调状态）
see 看见（vt.——及物动词，强调结果）
look up 向上看，抬头看，仰视
look down 向下看
look down on sb. 看不起某人，轻视某人
when 当（引导时间状语从句）
enter 进入 = go into
entered = went into
enter for 参加（二册L:8）
After I had sat down, he said (that business was very bad. )—— 宾语从句
待我坐下后，他说生意非常不景气。
= After I sat down, he said that business was very bad.
after 在…之后（时间）（引导时间状语从句）：从句用过去完成时态，主句用一般过去时态
before 在…之前（时间）（引导时间状语从句）：从句用一般过去时态，主句用过去完成时态
eg. the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天
sit sat sat
say said said
改：= Before he said that business was very bad, I had sat down.
= Before he said that business was very bad, I sat down.
business （n.）生意，小买卖
busy (adj.) 忙的
He told me (that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.宾语从句/间接引语) Twenty people had already left.（过去完成时态）
他还告诉我，公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支，有20个人已
经离去。
tell told told 告诉
tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事
= tell sth. to sb.
could not afford to do sth. 不能负担做某事
pay salary 付薪水
collect salary 领薪水
already 已经
（现在完成时态、过去完成时态的标志词）
leave left left 离开
6、I knew （that my turn had come.）宾语从句
我知道这次该轮到我了。
know knew known 知道（v.）
eg. know sb./sth. well 对某人/某事熟悉
同音异义词：new （adj.）新的
turn (n.) 轮流，次序
eg. It’s my turn. 轮到我了。 = My turn has come.
7、’Mr.Harmsworth,' I said in a weak voice.(直接引语)
“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我无力地说。
say said said 说
in a … voice 用…的声音
（voice — n. 声音， noise — n. 噪音）
eg. in a weak voice 无力地说，虚弱地说（强调心里不踏实）
in a strong voice 理直气壮地说
in a loud voice 大声地说
in a low voice 低声地说
in a gentle voice 温柔地说
(gentleman 绅士)
write in ink 用墨水写字
speak in English 用英语讲话
eg. by bus/taxi/car/underground/plane
乘(使用)公共汽车/出租车/地铁/飞机
eg. with (伴随介词)
I cut the cake with a knife. 我用小刀切蛋糕。
8、‘Don’t interrupt,’he said. 祈使句
“不要打断我的话，”他说。
祈使句：请求、命令、建议、要求对方做某事。（动词打头）
否定祈使句：Don’t + 肯定祈使句
interrupt （v.）打断，中断（别人的谈话）
bother (v./n.)打扰,麻烦
eg. Don’t bother bothers until bothers bother you.
(v.) (n.) (n.) (v.)
不要庸人自扰，不要札人忧天。
9、 Then he smiled and told me （I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!）宾语从句/间接引语
然后他微笑了一下告诉我说，我每年将得到1000英镑的额外收入。
smile smile smiled 微笑
tell told told 告诉
改直接引语：
Then he smiled and told me,‘ You will receive an extra thousand pounds a year!’
will would
would receive 将收到（过去将来时态）
extra (adj.) 额外的
eg. On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.
每逢周日，我通常补觉。
extra work 额外的工作
extra pay 额外的工资
extra time 额外的时间
XL—— extra large 特大号
XS—— extra small 特小号
XO—— extra old 洋酒