课件50张PPT。Unit 1 Friendship Direct & Indirect Speech
statements and questionsUnit 1 Grammar当我们想引述别人说的话时有两种表达方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。下面我们就直接引语和间接引语进行详细的讲解。T: What did you eat this morning?
S1: I ate …
T: What did S1 say, S2?
S2: S1 said he/she had eaten …direct speechindirect speechShe said, “China has been using PSAs (公益广告) to educate people.”
She said China had been using PSAs to educate people.indirect speechdirect speechWhat’re the differences between direct speech and indirect speech?Differencesdirect speechindirect speech◆To report what
exactly has been
said◆The words usually
appear in quotation
marks◆To report the
meaning of what
has been said
without using the
exact words◆No quotation
marksHow to change direct speech into
indirect speech? Change what has been said to an
object clause or an infinitive phrase;
b. Change personal pronouns;
c. Change tenses;
d. Change adverbials of time and
place;
e. Other cases. He said, “I like it very much.”
He said that he liked it very much.He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.
He told me that he had left his book in my room.b. Change personal pronouns:I said to her, “I have done my best.”I told her that I had done my best.Past continuousPast perfectPast perfectFuture in the pastPast perfectPast perfect
con-tinuousc. The changes of the tensesSimple past He said, “I lost a key here yesterday.”
He said that he had lost a key there the
day before/the previous day.
“I read the book here a week ago,” Jane said to him.
Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.d. Change adverbials of time
and placee. Other casesShe said, “I’ll come here again tonight.”She said she would go there again that night.He said, “I want this.”He said that he wanted that.May said to Tom, “I’ll bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1. 不变的真理
The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.”
→ The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.2. 经常的习惯：
He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.”
→ He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3. 历史事件：
The teacher said, “World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.”
→ The teacher said that World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.4. 部分情态动词, 如must, ought to, used to, had better等：
She said to me, “You must hurry up.”
→ She said that I must hurry up.转述他人的陈述→陈述句→ She asked me what I was doing.He said, “I’m going to Beijing.”→ He said that he was going to Beijing.He asked, “Are you a teacher?”→ He asked me if /whether I was a teacher.She said, “What are you doing?”2. 转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3. 转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句 解题步骤:1. 陈述句:“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friendsthat I don’t likecomputers.tolddidn’tsheSarah told her friends that she didn’t like computers.2. 一般疑问句:
Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?
( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.Tom said (that) there wasn’t any trouble and that he was waiting for his change. 注意: 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时, 仅能省略第一个that, 其余的不能省略。Tom said, “ There isn’t any trouble and
I’m waiting for my change (零钱).”3. 特殊疑问句：
When do you harvest the wheat?
( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.harvestedthat引导的宾语从句
Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.whether / if 引导的宾语从句
John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.wh-词引导的宾语从句
John asked Mary when she would return him the book.不定式
The officer ordered him not to leave his post.that 引导的宾语从句
I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.that / what / how
引导的宾语从句
He said that he was very happy.
He said how happy he was.由直接引语转变为间接引语, 有时会引起时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面。从句动词时态不变
She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.一般现在时
“I know it,” he said.一般过去时
He said that he knew it. 现在进行时
“I’m making coffee for you all,” she said.过去进行时
She said she was making coffee for us all. 现在完成时
“I have seen her before,” said he. 过去完成时
He said he had seen her before. 现在完成进行时
He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”过去完成进行时
He said he had been doing it for hours. 一般过去时
“I saw her last Monday,” he said.过去完成时
He said he had seen her the previous Monday. 过去进行时
“I was waiting for Jim,” she said. 过去完成进行时
She said she had been waiting for Jim.过去完成时
“ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.过去完成时
Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 一般将来时
He said, “We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时
He said they would start the next day.1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”
Jack told me that ___ worried ___. A. he looks…today B. you look…today C. we looked…that day D. I looked…that day单选2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.”
We told her that ___ through the street ___. A. we were walking…then B. you are walking…now C .they were walking…then D. they walking…now 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”
Mr Black said that __ a long way __. A. I had walked…last week B. he had walked…that week C. I walked…last week D. he has walked…this week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”
The man thought that __ take it back ____. A. I shall…tomorrow B. I shall…the next day C. he should…tomorrow D. he would …the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”
They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house. A. that were we…this B. that we were…that C. if were we …this D. if we were…that6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”
Jane asked ____ about _____. A. that he heard…a week ago B. what he had heard…a week before C. what he had herd… a week ago D. if he heard…a week ago7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”
She asked whose house ____ break into _____. A. will he…next time B. would he…the next time C. he would…the next time D. he will…next time 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where ____ holidays.
A. she spent her
B. you spend your
C. she spend her
D. you spent your9. Black asked me, “ Why haven’t you left here yet?”
Black asked me why ____ yet. A. I hadn’t left there B. I haven’t left here C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here 10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?”
The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east. A. if…rise B. if…rises C. whether…rose D. whether did …rise1.?Alice?said,?“I've?just?got?a?letter? from
? my?father.”? ?Alice?said?that?___?____ just?got?a? letter
?from?____?father.?
2.?Jane?asked?Dick,?“Have?you?
finished?writing?the?report?”? Jane?asked?Dick?__________??__??____
________?writing?the?report.?sheherhad根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为
间接引语，每空一词。whether/ifhefinishedhad3.?“Don’t?grow?plants?in?the?same?
place?year?after?year,”the?farmer said.?
? The?farmer?_____??me?___ __ _____?
plants?in?the?same?place?
year after?year.?
4.?Mr.?Smith?said?to?the?girl,?“I?will?
come?here?to?see?you?next?Sunday.”? ?Mr.?Smith?____??the?girl?that
___??_____?___?there?to?see ___ ____
_____?Sunday.?toldnot to growtoldhe would goher thenext根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为 直接引语，每空一词。 1.?He?told?me?that?a?friend?in?need? is
? a?friend?indeed.?
He?____??___??me,?“A?friend?in?need
___??a?friend?indeed.”?
2.?He?said?that?he?liked?the?film?very?
much.? ?He?said,?“?___??_____??the?film?very?
much.”?saidis toIlike3.?She?said?that?she?had?received?a
letter?two?days?before.?
She?said?,“?___?? _______?a letter?
____??_____??____.”
4.?He?asked?me?whether?I?liked black?
tea?or?green?tea.? He?asked?me,?“??____??____??_____?
black?tea?or?green?tea?”?Itwo days agoDo you like received把下列的句子变成间接引语。1.?“I’m?leaving?for?London?next?week,”?
my?sister?said?to?me.
2.?John?said,?“Mr.?Smith?has?come?here.”
3.?She?said,?“Do?you?want?me?to?help?you?” ?John?said that Mr.?Smith?had?gone there.My sister told me that she was leaving
for London the next week. She?asked whether?I wanted?her?to?help?
me.4. “Did?the?man?in?the?shop?understand?
him?at?last?”?she?said.
5.?“How?many?people?are?there?in?your?
family?”?he?asked?the?boy.
6.?“Don’t?worry,”?the?mother?said to the?
? children. She?asked whether?the?man?in?the?shop?
understood?him?at?last.He?asked?the?boy how?many?people there ??
were?in?his?family.The?mother?told the?children not to worry.课件50张PPT。Unit 1 FriendshipUnit 1
Friendship
Learning about language1 Find the word or expression for
each of the following meanings
from the text.Discovering useful words and
expressions 1. _________ not inside a building
2. ______ feeling disturbed
3. __________________ to be worried
about
4. _____ free, not tied up
5. ___________ to experience something
6. _______ to take no notice of outdoorsgo throughlooseupsetignorebe concerned about 7. ___________ staying close to and
looking at somebody
8. __________ to become quiet after
nervous activity
9. _______ piece of material hung to
cover a window
10. ______ number of things that
happen one after anothercalm downcurtainseriesface to face Anne’s sister, Margot, was very ______
that the family had to move. However,
she knew that she had to __________ all
the difficulties with her family. She
found it difficult to settle and __________
in the hiding place, because she was
_______________ whether they would
be discovered. concerned about upset go throughcalm downComplete this passage with some
of the words and phrases above. She suffered from loneliness, but she had
to learn to like it there. What she really
missed was going _________ walking the
dog for her neighbour. It was such fun to
watch it run ______ in the park. She
wished she could tell her neighbour
__________ that she was sorry not to be
able to do it any longer, but she knew
that was too dangerous!outdoorslooseface to face When the man saw the car accident
on the highway, he stopped __________
offer help.
2. “How can Linda recover from her
illness in this room when it’s so dirty
and _____? It will only make her worse.”
said the doctor.3 Complete the sentences using words
and expressions from the text. in order todusty3. After Peter died, George _________
the story of their friendship in a book.
4. When the street lights go on _______,
they make a beautiful picture, so
different from the daytime.
5. Good friends do not _______ what
they do for each other; instead they
offer help when it is needed.set downat duskadd up6. Although Tim and Mike come from
________ different backgrounds,
they became close friends.
7. Please draw the ________; the
sunlight is too bright.
8. “Sorry, I didn’t break the plate
_____________.”
“ It’s OK. Don’t worry about it.” entirelycurtainson purposeGrammarDirect and Indirect Speech Ⅰ直接引语:直接引用别人的话, 把它放在引号内。
(direct speech)
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。
(indirect speech)I am a beautiful girl.She said that she was a beautiful girl.What did the girl say?转述他人的陈述→陈述句She asked me what I was doing.She said , “I’m going to Beijing.”She said that she was going to Beijing.He asked, “Are you a doctor?”He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.She asked, “What are you doing?”2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句 陈述句
用连词that引导, that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替, 注意, 可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接说 told that。直接引语变成间接引语, 句子结构的变化He said, “I have been to Japan.”
He said to us that he had been to Japan.
She said, “I’ll give you an exam
tomorrow.”
She told us that she would give us an
exam tomorrow. 陈述句解题步骤:“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friendsthat (I don’t like computers.)didn’tsheSarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.间接引语用连词whether或if引导, 原
主句中谓语动词said要改为asked
(me/him/us等), 语序是陈述句的语序。一般疑问句Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty
with English?”
Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any
difficulty with English.
He said, “You are interested in English,
aren’t you?”
He asked whether I was interested in English. 一般疑问句解题步骤:
Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?
( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.(it is easy to improve the
condition of the soil.)askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,
主句的谓语动词用ask (sb.) 来表达,
语序改为陈述句语序。特殊疑问句He said to me, “Where are you from?”
He asked me where I was from.
He asked us, “How many factories are
there in your country?”
He asked us how many factories there
were in our country. 特殊疑问句解题步骤：
When do you harvest the wheat?
( They asked him )They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheat(you harvest the wheat.)heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.He asked, “Do you speak English or
Chinese?”
He asked me whether I spoke English
or Chinese.
I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot?”
I asked him whether he would take a bus
or on foot. 用whether…or…表达(不用if/either…or…)选择疑问句谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1. 直接引语表述的是客观真理, 变为间接
引语时, 时态不变。The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前
和说话时同样有效, 变间接引语时,
时态可不变。The children said, “We love this game.”The children told us that they love
that game.She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.3. 主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态,
在引述时, 时态不变。She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.”在直接引语变为间接引语时需要
注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化2. 注意人称和指示代词变化 3. 注意时间和地点的变化4. 注意个别趋向动词的变化He said he…played footballwas playinghad playedhad playedwould playhad playedAttention:When direct speech is about:
a) a truth 真理
b) a timetable 时间表
c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用语
d) An adverbial indicating the past
过去的时间状语There are some cases in which we
don’t need to change the tense in
indirect speech. He said, “the earth goes around the sun.”
2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”
3. He said, “Rome isn’t built in a day.”
4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”Change direct speech into indirect speech:5. He said, “I’m afraid I can’t finish this work.”6. He said, “I haven’t heard from him since
May.”
7. Tom said “I will see you next week.”He said that he was afraid he couldn’t
finish that work.He said that he hadn’t heard from
him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.8. “Why were you late again?” The teacher
said to me.
9. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate
asked me.
10. His friends asked him if he would go to
Dalian.The teacher asked me why I was late again.His friends asked him, “Will you
go to Dalian?”My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.Try to do SB P. 5 Ex.2
Change the sentences either into
direct speech or indirect speech:Anne said that she didn’t know the address
of her new home.
2. Anne told her father that she had got tired
of looking at nature through dirty curtains
and dusty windows.
3. The girl said that she needed to pack up
her things in the suitcase very quickly. 4. Her father asked her why she had chosen
her diary and old letters.
5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?”
Mother asked/said to her.
6. “What else have you hidden under your
overcoat?” Margot asked her.
7. “When shall we go back home?” Anne
asked her father.
8. “Why did you talk so much to that boy?”
Father asked Anne. 1. Jack said to me, “You look worried
today.”
Jack told me that ___ worried ___.
A. he looks…today
B. you look…today
C. we looked…that day
D. I looked…that dayD Choose the best answer.2. We said to her, “They’re walking
through the street now.”
We told her that ____ through the
street ___.
A. we were walking…then
B. you are walking…now
C. they were walking…then
D. they walking…now C 3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a
long way this week.”
Mr. Black said that ___ a long way ___.
A. I had walked…last week
B. he had walked…that week
C. I walked…last week
D. he has walked…this weekB 4. The man thought, “I shall take it
back tomorrow.”
The man thought that ____ take it
back ____.
A. I shall…tomorrow
B. I shall…the next day
C. he should…tomorrow
D. he would…the next day D 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid
to leave this house ?”
They asked us ____ afraid to leave
_____ house.
A. that were we…this
B. that we were…that
C. if were we …this
D. if we were…thatD 6. Jane said, “What did he hear about
a week ago?”
Jane asked ____ about _____.
A. that he heard…a week ago
B. what he had heard…the week before
C. what he had herd…a week ago
D. if he heard…the week agoB 7. She asked, “Whose house will he
break into next time?”
She asked whose house ____ break
into _____.
A. will he…next time
B. would he…the next time
C. he would…the next time
D. he will…next time C 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you
spend your holidays?”
Jack asked her where ____ holidays.
A. she spent her
B. you spend your
C. she spend her
D. you spent yourA 9. Black asked me, “Why haven’t
you left here yet?”
Black asked me why ____ yet.
A. I hadn’t left there
B. I haven’t left here
C. hadn’t I left there
D. haven’t I left here A 10. The teacher asked her, “Does the
sun rise in the east?”
The teacher asked her ___ the
sun ___ in the east.
A. if…rise
B. if…rises
C. whether…rose
D. whether did …riseB HomeworkReview the rules of direct
speech and indirect speech.
