新概念英语第三册 Lesson 29 Funny or not 讲义

Lesson 29Funny or not
Part 1: Text
Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up. The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films. However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from America, has recently come into fashion. It is cal1ed' sick humour '. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents. Many people find this sort of joke distasteful. The following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself.
A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home. He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow. On Christmas day, the man still had his right leg in plaster. He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
Part 2: New words and expression
1.largely ['la:d li] ad.在很大程度上
2.comic ['k mik] a.喜剧的，可笑的
3.universal ['ju:ni'v :s l] a.普遍的
4.comedian [k 'mi:dj n] n.滑稽演员，喜剧演员
5.distasteful [dis'teistful] a.讨厌的
6.pester ['pest ] v.一再要求，纠缠
7.dread [dred] v.惧怕
8.recovery [ri'k v ri] n.康复
9.plaster ['pla:st ] n.熟石膏
10.console [k n's ul] v.安慰，慰问
11.hobble ['h bl] v.瘸着腿走
12.compensate ['k mpenseit] v.补偿
13.mumble ['m mbl] v.喃喃而语
★largely ['la:d li] ad.在很大程度上
同义词：mostly, greatly, mainly
例句：His success is largely due to his own hard work.
他的成功主要是靠他自己的努力。
Our country exported largely corn.
我国大规模出口玉米。
★comic ['k mik] a.喜剧的，可笑的
1.n. 连环图画；喜剧演员
read a comic 看一本漫画书
science fiction comic 科幻连环漫画杂志
2.adj. 有趣的；喜剧的
comic book 滑稽的书
comic character 喜剧人物
例句：The ending of the play is comic.此剧的结局是喜剧的。
I saw the child reading a comic.我看见那孩子在看一本漫画书。
★universal ['ju:ni'v :s l] a.普遍的
almost universal 几乎全是如此
strikingly universal 显然有普遍意义
例句：Overpopulation is a universal problem.
人口过多是全球性的问题。
★comedian [k 'mi:dj n] n.滑稽演员，喜剧演员
stand-up comedian 独角滑稽秀演员
例句：That comedian always cracks me up.
那个喜剧演员总是让我发笑。
★distasteful [dis'teistful] a.讨厌的
dis前缀：
dis作为前缀时有两种意思，表示不同意，反对或者分开、分离。
例句：The medicine is distasteful but good for you.
这药虽难吃,但对你身体有好处
He will buy a set of tasteful furniture.他将要买一套雅致的家具。
★pester ['pest ] v.一再要求，纠缠
pester someone with something 麻烦某人做某事...
pester someone to do something 麻烦某人做某事...
例句：Don't pester me with your trivial matters.
别拿你那些鸡毛蒜皮的事同我纠缠。
★dread [dred] v.惧怕
dread the moment 担心(某事)会发生
dread sb./sth. 惧怕某事
例句：The boy dreads his father.这个孩子畏惧他的父亲。
I dread the dog. 我害怕这条狗。
Tom dreaded his visits to the dentist.汤姆非常怕看牙医。
★recovery [ri'k v ri] n.康复
economic recovery 经济复苏
recovery from 从…中恢复过来
recovery of the stolen goods 赃物的追回
例句：The owner has offered a reward for the recovery of the stolen goods.
失主已经悬赏寻找被窃物品。
Will the government's policies lead to an economic recovery
政府的政策能使经济复苏吗
★plaster ['pla:st ] n.熟石膏
plaster cast 石膏模型
plaster figure 石膏像
He mixed up some plaster to repair the wall.他和了一些灰泥去补墙。
He's got his leg in a plaster cast.他的腿打了石膏。
★console [k n's ul] v.安慰，慰问
console sb a great deal 给某人很大的安慰
console perfunctorily 敷衍了事地安慰
We tried to console her when her dog died.
她的狗死后,我们尽力安慰她。
They perfunctorily consoled him with a few words.
他们敷衍了事地安慰了他几句。
★hobble ['h bl] v.瘸着腿走
The old man hobbled along (the road) with the aid of his stick.
那老汉拄著拐杖一瘸一拐地走著。
I hurt my foot,and had to hobble home.
我的脚受了伤，只好一拐一拐地走回家。
★compensate ['k mpenseit] v.补偿】
1.compensate for sth
Nothing can compensate for losing my husband.我失去丈夫的损失是无法弥补的。
Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health.失去健康是无法补偿的。
2.compensate sb for sth/v-ing
The company compensated her for the extra work.公司对她所干的额外工作予以补偿。
3.compensate sth with sth
He compensated his homely appearance with great personal charm.
他的个人魅力美化了他那其貌不扬的外表。
I compensated his loss with money.我赔偿他的经济损失。
★mumble ['m mbl] v.喃喃而语
mumble away 不停地嘀咕
例句：She mumbled an apology and left.
她嘟嘟囔囔地道了歉就走了。
Part 3: Notes on the text
★Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on where we have been brought up.
1.whether引导名词性从句用法：
1）做主语时只能用whether。且一般位于句首
Whether he will come is not important.
2）if与whether都可以与or not 连用，但后面与or not连用 时只能用whether。
We didn't know whether or not she was ready for the trip.（此时只能用whether）
I want to know whether/if the news is true or not.（此时则二者都可以用）
2.depand on 依靠于，取决于
depand on one's doing sth./depand on sb. to do sth
3.bring up 养大，抚养
I was brought up by my grandma.
★The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics.
1.be bound with 和····联系在一起，与·····有密切关系
The future of a country is bound up with the education of the young.一个国家的未来同年轻人所受教育密不可分。
2.national
1）adj. 民族的；国家的；国有的
民族共同语 a common national language
国有铁路 a national railroad
2）n. 国民（复）nationals: 全国性比赛.
3.characteristics 特征
快速决定是他的特征。Quick decision is characteristic of him.
3.the sense of humour 幽默感
★A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke.
1.for instance 例如=for example 这里做插入语，不做句子成分
2. it做形式宾语
3.laugh at 嘲笑，笑
★In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke which would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
1.in the same way 与此同时
2.fail to do sth 未能做某事，未能做好某事
never fail to do sth 双重否定，表达肯定的含义
3.语法结构which 引导从句，用来解释joke
★Most funny stories are based on comic situations.
1.most=the majority of… 大多数…
2.be based upon… 基于…
This news report is based entirely on fact. 这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。
★In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal.
1.in spite of 尽管
2.national differences 民族差异
time differences 时差
3.universal appeal 普遍的吸引力
universal（参考单词解析）
appeal
1）n. 呼吁，吸引力
These subjects have lost their appeal for most students.对多数学生来说,这些学科已经失去了吸引力。
have no appeal for sb引不起某人的兴趣
2）appeal v.引起兴致 （吸引；上诉；求助，诉诸；恳求）
appeal to sb 吸引某人，引起某人兴趣
appeal for sth.呼吁某事；请求给予某物
appeal to sb. to do sth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事
appeal to sb. for sth.呼吁/恳求某人提供某物
appeal against对…提出上诉/申诉（不服什么而上诉）
appeal against a judgement 不服判决而上诉（make an appeal 做出呼吁，上诉）
appeal to a court 向法庭上诉
appeal to force诉诸武力
make an appeal for sb.to do sth.呼吁某人做某事
★No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films.
1.语法结构：让步状语从句
2.双重否定（表肯定含义）- difficult not to
★However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion.
1. a new type of 新形式的····
2.which 用来说明a new type of humour
3.stem from 源自, 起源于
= come from 出身于, 由...引起, 是...的结果, 是在...生长大的
= arise from 由...而引起, 由...而产生
= originate from 由某人发起(首创)
例句：他腿上的病是由一处旧枪伤引起的。 His leg trouble stems from an old gun injury.
4. come into fation 开始流行起来=come in population
come into power 开始掌权
★It is called‘sick edians base their jokes on tragic situations like violent death or serious accidents.Many people find this sort of joke distasteful.
base sth on sth 基于···的基础上
★The following example of‘sick humour’will enable you to judge for yourself.
1.following+名词 前置
名词+followed 后置
2.enable sb. to do sth 使某人做某事
★A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas.From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.
1.be taken to 被送到，被动语态
2.from the moment+时间点（表时刻或者时刻的句子）
3.keep on doing sth 持续保持做某事，不间断的
4.dread doing sth=dread to do sth（见单词解析）
★Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow.On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing.
1.do one's best 尽了最大的努力
The teacher will try his best to taching well.
2.spend time in doing sth 花费时间做某事
Jerry spent on hour in drawing the picture last night.
3.Miserable adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜
A miserable day = a terrible day
4.think of 考虑, 设想, 想象
When I saw you I thought of my sister
think of doing sth
He is thinking of setting a school.
★The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good.
1.by 通过···方式
I go to school by car.
2.Chance 在表达“机会”这个概念的时候, 经常采用复数形式。
chance to do和chance of doing几乎没有什么区别
★The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble along to a party.
1.take heart 充满信心，打起精神
take heart from sth 因为某事充满信心
lose heart 失去信心
2.sure enough 插入语，不充当句子成分
3.hobble along（详见单词解析）
★To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him.
1.compensate （见单词解析）
2.more than 多于，超出···
3.be good for sb. 对······有益
★In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals.
1.in the process 在···过程中
2.enjoy oneself 自己很开心
3.keep doing sth 持续做某事，等同于keeping on doing sth
★He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
1.mumbling （见单词解析）
2. at the end of ·····结束的时候
3. slip滑倒
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
重点解析-双重否定
英语双重否定句的几种常见句型
英语句子中常可见到两个表示否定意义的词连用的情况，这一现象常称为双重否定。这种句子形式上虽为否定，实则表示强烈的肯定语气。英语双重否定句常见的有如下三种句型：
1、否定词 no／not等＋表示否定意义的形容词。例如：
No way is impossible to courage．勇士面前无险路。
It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive．
使自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致。
Nothing is unnecessary．没有什么是不必要的。
2、否定词 no／not／never等＋without…
No smoke without fire·［proverb］［谚］无火不起烟；无风不起浪。
We cannot succeed without your help．没有你们的帮助，我们就不能成功。
Nothing to be got without pains but poverty．［proverb］［谚］只有贫穷是可以不劳而获的。
3、否定词 no／not／never／nobody／few等＋具有否定意义的动词或短语。
There is no denying the truth．真理是不能否认的。
The tart reply did not discomfort him．那尖刻的回答并没有使他难过。
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 28单词&课文（重点语句解析需背诵）
2.重点词记忆
3.练习总结课文