新概念英语第三册 Lesson 32 A lost ship 讲义

Lesson 32A lost ship
Part 1: Text
The salvage operation had been a complete failure. The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home. A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search. The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.
Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more. The sea-bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom. Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the contents of the sea-chest proved them wrong. What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before. The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding. There were books, clothing and photographs, together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife. The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck. Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest. From a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser. In another sea-chest, which contained the belongings of a ship's officer, there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th, 1943. The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen. The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read. From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light. The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine. This was later confirmed by a naval official at the Ministry of Defence after the Elkor had returned home. All the items that were found were sent to the War Museum.
Part 2: New words and expressions
1.salvage ['s lvid ] v.n.救助，营救，打捞;
2.Barents ['b r nts] n.巴伦支(海)
3.sunken ['s k n] a.沉没的
4.cargo ['ka:g u] n.货物
5.bullion ['bulj n] n.金条；银条
6.scour ['skau ] v.彻底搜索
7.chest [t est] n.大箱子
8.contents n.(复数)所装的东西
9.belongings [bi'l i z] n.(复数)所有物
10.item ['ait m] n.物件
11.cruiser ['kru:z ] n.巡洋舰
12.find [faind] n.找到的物品
13.log book 航海日志
14.piece [pi:s] v.拼成整体
15.convoy ['k nv i] v.n.护航
16.torpedo [t :'pi:d u] v.用鱼雷攻击
17.submarine ['s bm ri:n] n.潜水艇
18.naval ['neiv l] a.海军的
19.ministry ['ministri] n.(政府的)部

★salvage ['s lvid ] v.n.救助，营救，打捞;
1.vt. 救助；打捞；抢救
salvage something from the sea
2.n. 海上救助；打捞；抢救
salvage goods from fire 从火中抢救货物
salvage the patient 拯救病人
salvage your time 节省时间
★Barents ['b r nts] n.巴伦支(海)
★sunken ['s k n] a.沉没的（sink的过去分词）
sink-sunk-sunken
sink-sank-sunk
作定语（形容词）表示沉没的含义，只能有sunken；其余的时候sunk和sunken 可以通用，但是sunk比较常用。
e.g. a sunken ship 一艘沉船
常用短语
◆ be sunk in sth: 陷入（某种情绪）… ..
◆ one's heart sink: 感到失望
◆ sink into sth: 陷入……；渐渐……
★cargo ['ka:g u] n.货物
land（ship） the cargo 把货物运到陆上〔装上船〕
transfer the cargo 转运货物
unload the cargo 卸货
★bullion ['bulj n] n.金条；银条
bullion market 金银市场
silver bullion 银条
★scour ['skau ] v.彻底搜索
表示彻底的搜查一定范围，含花费了很大力气的意思。
He scoured off the dirt from the floor. 他擦去地板上的污垢。
同义词 search，look for，hunt
search 搜寻，寻找丢失的东西（存在的东西）
look for 寻找，一般用语
hunt 无特定目标，漫无目的寻找急需的东西
★chest [t est] n.大箱子
1.箱子
open a chest 打开箱子
place the chest 放箱子
2. n. 胸腔
beat one's chest 捶胸
check sb's chest 检查某人的胸部
get it off one's chest 倾吐心里的烦恼
★contents n.(复数)所装的东西
名词content的复数形式.
table of contents 目录
to one's heart's content 尽情地
★belongings [bi'l i z] n.(复数)所有物
She lost all her belongings in the fire.
她在那场火灾中失去了所有的财产。
belong vi. 应归入；属于
belong among( v.+prep. ) 属于
I did not belong among these people. 我同这些人格格不入。
belong to( v.+prep. ) 属于(某时期)
★item ['ait m] n.物件
collector's item 值得收藏的珍品
news item 新闻
item by item 逐条地,逐项地
an item of information 一则新闻
例句：The item of the contract still stands now.
该项合同条款现在依然有效。
★cruiser ['kru:z ] n.巡洋舰
training cruiser 教练巡洋舰
customs cruiser 海关巡逻艇
★find [faind] n.找到的物品
1. v. 找到
find a true friend in sb 发现某人是真正的朋友
find one's feet 在社会上站稳,能独立行动
find one's place 找到位置,找到要找的地方
find the value of x and y 求X和Y的值
2. n. 找到的/发现的东西
announce the find 宣布发现
great find 重大发现
★log book 航海日志
ship's log 轮船的航海日志
log for a living 以伐木为生
★piece [pi:s] v.拼成整体
1.n. 件；碎片
a piece of+名词 一块/一片······
a piece of cake 一块蛋糕
piece by piece 一点一点地
break to pieces 打成碎片
a piece of advice 一个忠告
2.v. 修补；拼合，凑合
piece a curtain 补窗帘
piece a dress 补裙子
piece up 缝补，缝合
e.g. Let's piece up the broken tyre.
★convoy ['k nv i] v.n.护航
1.n. 护航
in (a) convoy 结伴而行的
under (a) convoy 在护送之下
2.v. 护航；护送
Parents convoy the children in turns to school.
家长们轮流护送孩子们去学校。
★torpedo [t :'pi:d u] v.用鱼雷攻击
1.n. 鱼雷
torpedo boat 鱼雷艇
2. v.用鱼雷破坏
He was accused of trying to torpedo the talks.
他被指责试图破坏会谈。
★submarine ['s bm ri:n] n.潜水艇
submarine volcano 海底火山
submarine valley 海底谷
nuclear submarine 核潜艇
★naval ['neiv l] a.海军的
naval base〔station〕 海军基地
naval display 海军表演
naval power 海军强国
naval vessel 海军舰艇
e.g.He took part in a great naval battle.
他参加了一次大海战。
navy n. 海军
build a navy 建立一支海军
enter the navy 参加海军
★ministry ['ministri] n.(政府的)部
She's on attachment to the Ministry of Defense.
她现在隶属于国防部。
Part 3: Notes on the text
★The salvage operation had been a complete failure. The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home.
1.operation 行动
put sth into an operation 使·····运转
building operation 建筑作业
2. a complete failure 彻底的失败
a complete victory 完胜
a complete idiot 十足的白痴
3. 定语从句，which指代the small ship，用来解释和形容the small ship
★A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the search.
1.被动语态，变为主动语态如下：
The ship's captain had received a radio message from the main land·····
2.instruct sb to do sth 指示某人做某事
3.give up sth/give up doing sth 放弃某事/放弃做某事
★The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.
1.被动语态 another attempt would be made
变主动—make another attempt 另一次尝试
2.for 引导原因状语从句
3. sunken 参考单词解析
4. a cargo of····一船的·····
★Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more. The sea-bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.
1.despite 尽管=in despite of 尽管，可以直接接宾语（相对比较客观的）
2.decide to do sth 决定做某事
3.try once more=try again=make another attempt 再一次尝试
4.The sea bed 海床，即海的底部，也叫海底
bottom river bed 河床
★Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the contents of the sea-chest proved them wrong.
1.under the impression 觉得，认为（因为印象而认为）
He is under the impression that you 'll help him.
2.prove用法
1）用作系动词，后常接 形容词、名词、不定式 作表语 ，不用于被动语态，意思为：证实是，被发现是····
She proved （to be）a very strict teacher.
2）prove还可用作 及物动词 ，意为“证明，证实” ，主要用于下列句型： （常用复合宾语 ）
prove + 名词或代词。
He did some experiments to prove his theory.
You' re wrong, and I can prove it.
prove+ 宾语 +宾语补足语，作宾语补足语的通常有形容词、名词、动词不定式等。to be 通常可以省略 。
Again history proved him （to be） wrong.
prove + 宾语从句。
Can you prove where you were on May 10th
The doctor ' s tests proved that Black was in good health.
★What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before.
1.句式结构：由what 引导的主语从句
2.sunk 详见单词解析
3.ago 基于现在的以前 before 某一特定时间以前
★The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding. There were books, clothing and photographs, together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife.
1.personal belongings 个人所属物品（可随身携带）
personal possessions 个人所有(比如汽车，房产，不能随身携带)
personal property 个人财产
2. clothing 和 clothes的区别
1）用法上： clothes 是一个没有单数形式的复数名词 , 其前不可加不定冠词， 也不可加数词， 但可用 some, these, those, many, few 等词修饰。如： those clothes / few clothes / many clothes
2） clothing 是不可数名词。如： They wear very little clothing. 他们衣服穿得很少。
3） clothes 的含义 比较具体 ，而 clothing 的含义则 比较抽象，并且 clothing 比 clothes 更正式
3.which指代letters，用来解释letters
★The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck. Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest.
1.order sb to do sth 命令/要求 某人做某事
2.as much as possible 尽可能多的
as soon as possible=ASAP 尽可能快的
3.of value=valuable 值钱的
of + 名词构成介宾结构，作表语；也是所有格的形式，表有什么。
★From a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser. In another sea-chest, which contained the belongings of a ship's officer, there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th, 1943.
1.a heavy gun 重型火炮（不是火枪）
2.which引导定语从句
3.the belongings 见单词解析
★The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen. The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read. From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light.
1.learn form 从……得知
2.which 指代 log book，it 是句子的形式主语，it was still possible to read parts of which
3.be able to do sth 能，可以做某事
4. piece together 拼凑起来
5.Come to light = become known 被公开，被发现（不及物动词短语，要用主动语态）
The secret came to light after his death.
★The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine. This was later confirmed by a naval official at the Ministry of Defence after the Elkor had returned home. All the items that were found were sent to the War Museum.
1.in a convoy 护航
under a convey 被护航
2.Officer 和 official 广义的讲 ,两者都是官员 ,但是 officer 偏重于武官 ,比如军官 ,警官 ;而 official 偏重于文官。 official 范围更广一些。
a naval official 海军官员
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
重点解析-被动语态
语法课堂-被动语态
that和which的用法区别（见下一篇语法）
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 32单词&课文（重点语句解析需背诵）
2.重点词记忆
3.练习总结课文