新概念英语第二册 Lesson 58 Can I help you，madam？讲义

Lesson 58 Can I help you，madam？
Part 1: Text
The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near a church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists-have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!
Part 2: New words and expressions
1 blessing ['blesi ] n.福分，福气
2 disguise [dis'gaiz] n.伪装
3 tiny ['taini] a.极小的
4 possess [p 'zes] v.拥有
5 cursed ['k :sid] a.可恨的
6 increase [in'kri:s, 'inkri:s] v.增加
7 plant [plɑ:nt] v.种值
8 church [t :t ] n.教堂
9 evil ['i:v l] a.坏的
10 reputation[repju'tei n] n.名声
11 claim [kleim] v.以…为其后果
12 victim ['viktim] n.受害者，牺牲品
13 vicar ['vik ] n.教区牧师
14 source [s :s] n.来源
15 income ['ink m] n.收入
16 trunk [tr k] n.树干
★Blessing 神恩，福气，福分，神的保佑；祷告
ask for God`s blessing 求神保佑
say a blessing 做祷告
a blessing in disguise 初看似乎不幸，过后看来却是幸运的事；祸中福。塞翁失马焉知非福
count one`s blessing 知足(数自己的福分）
bless v. 求神赐福于某人或某事；赐予某人健康，幸福及成功
Bless those who are hungry, lonely or sick.
求神赐福于那些饥饿，孤独或患病的人。
Mrs. White is blessed with 12 children.
怀特太太有12个孩子，真有福气。
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！（用作感叹词，表示谢意或情义，或当人打喷嚏的时候）
eg.You`ve bought me a present Bless you!
你给我买了个礼物是吗？太感谢你了。
★Disguise n.伪装
wear a beard as a disguise
带个络腮子来伪装
eg.He was in disguise , so I couldn`t recognize him.
他乔装打扮过了，所以我没能辨认出来。
eg.She made no disguise of her contempt.
她毫不掩饰的表示轻蔑之意。
v.伪装，假扮
eg. I couldn`t disguise my anger.
我无法掩饰自己的愤怒。
eg. He disuised himself as a woman for fun.
他男扮女装只为了好玩。
disguise one`s voice
改变说话的强调，发假声音
★Tiny adj 极小的
tiny— tiner—tinest
Small adj 小的
little adj 小的（含有可爱之意）
mini-(构成复合词)
minibus n 小公共汽车
miniskirt n 超短裙
minicab n 小的出租车
puny adj (贬义)弱小的，瘦小的，发育不全的，未充分发挥的
eg.A tiny little girl was singing very well in TV.
一个纤小的女孩在电视上唱的很好
★possess v 拥有
eg.They possess three cars.
他们有三辆小汽车。
possess patience 有耐性
possess courage 有勇气
be possess with sth/be possess by sth (尤指人的思想）
被…控制，支配
She suddenly possessed with fear.
她突然被恐惧的情绪所控制。
eg She was suddenly possessed by fear.
她突然感到非常的害怕。
possession n [u](ownership) 领有，持有，具有
eg. I`ve had possession of this house for 7 years.
我拥有这座房子已经7年了。
n.财产
eg.He lost all his possessions in the fire.
他在大火中丧失所有的财产。
be in possession of sth 拥有某物
eg He is in lawful possession of a shotgun.
他合法地拥有一支猎枪。
possessor n 拥有者（owner）
possessed adj (被强烈的感情，恶魔等)缠附的，疯狂的
eg He studied like one possessed.
他拼命的用功。
eg. He fought like a man possessed.
他进行了殊死的战斗。
eg. Possession is nine points of the law.
现实占有，败一胜九（占有或控制某物者打起官司来总占上风）
★cursed adj 可恨的，讨厌的（常做定语）
相当于hateful, unpleasant
a cursed person 一个可恨的人
curse n.咒骂的话，咒语
be under a curse 被咒骂的
eg The witch laid a curse upon the princess.
那个巫婆诅咒这个公主。
The witch laid the princess under a curse.
v. 诅咒
eg He cursed (at) his bad luck . 他诅咒他的坏运气。
eg I cursed her for spoiling my plans. 因为她破坏我的计划所以我诅咒她。
★Increase V 增加
Increase ones speed 加速
eg.The population has increased greatly. 人口急剧的增长。
increased profits 增大的利润
increase ['inkri:s] n 增加的量
a wage increase 工资增加额
eg an increase of nearly 50% over last year
比去年差不多了50%。
a 50% increase 50% 的增长
add to 增加，增加到
raise vt 提高，增加
grow v 增加，成长
★Plant n. 树木，植物
1.n. 植物，树木wilde plant 野生植物
garden plant 花园里的植物
plants and animals 动植物
2. n. 工厂，生产
a chemical plant 化工厂
a power plant 电厂
3. v. 种植，栽种
eg. We are going to plant trees around the house.
我们打算在房子周围种满树。
eg. Farmers should know the time to plant.
农民应该知道种植的时间。
4. v. 布置，安顿，固定
eg.Policemen were planted along the route of the parade.
警察被部署在游行的路线上。
planter n . 种植者或花盆
★Church n 教堂，礼拜，礼拜仪式，去教堂
(church之前不加the）
Churchgoer n .按时去教堂做礼拜的人
Attend church 去做礼拜
At church / in church 在做礼拜
eg.Church begins at 9 o`clock. 礼拜在9:00开始。
eg.They are at church. 他们在做礼拜。
as poor as a church mouse. 像教堂的老鼠一样穷，一文不名
在church之前不加定冠词the,
类似的短语有：
go to school 去上学
go to university /go to collage 去上大学
be out of hospital 出院
be sent to prison 入狱
be at work 在上班，在工作着
★Evil
1.adj.道德败坏的，邪恶的
an evil reputation 一个恶名声
2.adj. 令人不快的，坏的，有害的
an evil smell 难闻的气味
an evil temper 坏脾气
evil weather 恶劣的天气
give sb the evil eye 恶毒的目光
an evil tongue 说人坏话的恶习
★reputation
1. 名声
eg He has a good reputation as a doctor.
他是一个名声很好的医生。
eg He has a bad reputation as a doctor.
他是一个名声很差的医生。
eg She has a reputation for generosity.
她以慷慨大方而出名。
have a reputation for laziness
以懒惰出名
2.信誉
establish a reputation/build up a reputation/make a reputation
树立声誉
eg. He is eager to win a reputation.
他渴望获得声誉。
eg. If the fact is published , it will ruin your reputation.
要是事实被公开的话，会毁了你的名声的。
live up to one`s reputation
不负盛名，行为与声望相符
★claim
1. v 要求，索要（应得的权利或财物）索赔
claim the insurance 索取保险金
claim the reward 要求奖赏
2. 事故，灾难造成的人员伤亡现象
eg. The earthquake claimed thousands of victims.
地震造成成千上万的人死亡
3. v . 声称，声言，断言
claim to do… (某人)声称曾经...
eg.He claimed to have seen the Mona Lisa.
他宣称他曾经看过蒙娜丽莎(那幅画)。
3.claim that(宾语从句）…
eg. The lawyer claimed that the defendant was not guilty.
那个律师声称被告是无罪的。
4. n. 索赔
5. n. 权利，资格
eg.They have no claim to this property. 他们没有资格取得这些财产。
★victim
1. n. 牺牲者，受害者（同义词：sufferer)
the victims of a plane crash 空难事件的受害者
the victims of a swindler 受骗者
eg. Those children aer the sad victims of their parents divorce.
那些孩子是父母亲离婚的受害者。
2. n. (祭神的)祭品，牺牲品
fall (a) victim to… 成为…的牺牲品
eg.A man like you easily falls victim to the greed of others.
像你这样的人很容易成为别人贪婪的牺牲品。

★vicar 教区牧师
vicar minister (英国国教的)教区牧师,基督教的牧师
priest -基督教会的神职人员，牧师，神父
rector curate
(英国国教的)牧区长；
(天主教的)教区首席神甫(英国国教会的)
助理牧师
black coat 牧师
★source
1. n. 河流的发源地(starting point of a river）
the source of the Nile 尼罗河的发源地
eg. This stream has its source in Qinghai.
这条河起源于青海
2. n.来源，出处
a limited source of income
有限的收入来源
news from a reliable source
来源可靠的消息
eg. Idleness is the source of all evil. (谚) 懒惰是万恶之源。
the source of the trouble
纷争的原因
3. n. 消息来源，出处，可靠的根据
historical source 史料
eg . I got the news from a reliable source.
我的消息非常可靠。
a source book 原始资料
★income 收入（最通用的词）
eg. what`s your income 你的工资怎么样？
eg I have an income of 200 dollars a week.
我每周的收入是200美元。
earned income 工作所得
unearned income 非工作所得
eg. My income isn`t enough to support my family.
我的收入不够养家糊口。
wage n 周薪
salary n 月薪
bonus n 奖金，红包
★trunk
1.n . 树干
eg. The trunk of that fir is about 2 meters thick.
那颗冷杉的树干有2 米那么粗。
2.n. 躯干
eg. He had a powerful trunk. 他身材伟岸。
3. n. 衣箱
eg.She packed her trunk. 他把衣箱填满了。
4. n. 干线，主流
the trunk of the Nile 尼罗河的主流
trunk call (英）长途（long distance call）
Part 3: Notes on the text
★The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'.
1.主语 +be said to do sth. =It be said that 据说……
It is said that he is very good.
＝He is said to be very good.据说他人非常好
2.the tiny village of Frinley 弗林利这个小村庄，of表同位关系
the city of Beijing 名叫北京的城市
at the age of twenty 20岁时
a height of three feet 三英尺的高度
★Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.
1.in a newspaper 在报纸上（强调报纸里面的内容）
2.a number of…＝lots of=a lot of…许多…
a number of students 许多学生
3.the number of……的数量/总数
the number of students 学生的数量
The number of students is 40.
★The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.
1. it is/was +被强调部分+ that/who(m)+ 从句）强调结构
It is I that am looking for you. 强调 “I”
It is Jack who(m) Frank phoned last night.
It was New York that John visited last month.
It was last month that John visited New York.
2. gain＝get 得到
No pain, no gain.
I need to gain experience.
★It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die.
It is said that据说
英语中分号断开两个句子
anyone 任何人，与 he 相对应
If anyone wanted to go there, he will do sth.
★Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims.
claim疾病、意外等“夺去（生命）”：
The accident claimed a few lives.
She was the victim of a road accident.
★The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.
sb. be asked to do sth. 某人被请求做某事
so far 迄今为止（常与现在完成时连用）
He hasn’t returned my books so far.
★He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it.
point out = explain 指出，解释
I realized that he had make a mistake, so I pointed it out to him immediately.
★In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.
in spite of =despite尽管，虽然
He set off in spite of the heavy rain.
in spite of all that… = in spite of what 尽管……
（in spite of 介词后面不能接从句, 只能加what引导的从句）
In spite of what you have told me, I still believe (that) he has stolen the money.
★So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!
1.not one of＝none of一个人也没有……,单数
2.be struck down被打倒（strike down 使……生重病，杀死）
Many people were struck down in that war.
He was stuck down by cancer last year.
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
被动语态
1.有些动词置于被动语态后，可采用两种形式。这两种形式在含以上没有差别，但由于不定式结构更为简单，所以经常用不定式。
1）to-不定式即：be done to…
2）that从句即：it is said that…
eg People say that he is a genius. 人们说他是天才。
eg He is said to be a genius. 他被说是个天才。
eg It is said that he is a genius. 据说他是一个天才。
2.当一个动词带有双宾语时，两个宾语中任何一个都可做被动语态的主语，但间接做主语(指人的宾语)较为常见
eg The manager offered the vacant post to him . 经理把空缺职位给了他。
这句话有2个宾语，一个是空缺职位，另一个是他。
eg He was offered the vacant post.
他被给了那个空缺的职位。间接宾语做主语
eg The vacant post was offered to him.
空缺职位被给了他。直接宾语做主语。
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 58单词&课文
2.Retell the text
3.练习总结课文