新概念英语第二册 Lesson 64 The channel tunnel 讲义

Lesson 64 The channel tunnel
Part 1: Text
In l858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one mile tunnel across the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea-level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. Recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a Channel Tunnel. If it is built, it will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history.
Part 2: New words and expressions
1 tunnel ['t nl] n.隧道
2 port [p :t] n.港口
3 ventilate ['ventileit] v.通风
4 chimney ['t imni] n.烟囱
5sea level 海平面
6 double ['d b l] a.双的
7 ventilation [ venti'lei n] n.通风
8 fear [fi ] v.害怕
9 invasion [in'vei n] n.入侵，侵略
10 officially [ 'fi li] ad.正式地
11 connect [k 'nekt] v.连接
12 European [ju r 'pi: n] a.欧洲的
13 continent['k ntin nt] n.大陆
★tunnel
1.n. 地下通道，隧道，地道
(a passage under a river or the sea, or through the hills.)
The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道
eg. The train passes through several
2.tunnels. 火车穿过了几个隧道
light at the end of the tunnel 苦尽甘来
★port n. 港，港口，港口城市
enter a port
make a port 入港
leave a port
clear a port 出港
【谚】the port in a storm 慌不择路，穷途之策
★ventilate v.使空气流通，使空气进入
1.well-ventilated 通风良好的
poorly-ventilated 不通风的
eg. Our classroom is well-ventilated.
ventilation n. [u] 空气流通，畅谈
put a problem to ventilation
2.ventilator n. 通风设备，通风口
3.ventilate v.使空气流通，使空气进入
★chimney 烟囱
1.clean a chimney/sweep a chimney
eg. The smoke poured out of the chimney.
2.a blocked chimney 堵塞的烟囱
eg. It is said that Santa Claus ( Father Christmas) comes down chimneys at
Christmas to bring presents.
★sea level n.海平面
level
1. n. 水平，水面
1000 metres above sea-level
海拔1000米
2. n. (文化、学问等) 水准，程度，标准
high-level 高级的/low-level 低级的
3. adj. （土地等）平的，水平的
a level surface 平坦的表面
The road is level.
★double
1. adj. 双的，双倍的（通常作定语）
a double bed
double chin 双下巴
double negative 双重否定
double Dutch 莫名其妙的话，晦涩的话
2. adv. 双倍地，两倍地
pay double 付双倍钱
3. v. 使...增加，使...增倍
eg. He doubled his income this year.
★fear
1.n. [u] 恐惧，害怕
eg. The soldier didn't show his fear.
The child had no fear of water.
2. n. [c] 畏惧，不安
a fear of heights 恐高症
She has a great fear of fire.
3. v. 恐惧，害怕 (be afraid of )
fear death
fear illness
Never fear ! (Don't worry !)
4.fear to do sth
fear doing sth 害怕做某事
eg. The little boy fears staying alone in the dark .
She fears to speak in his presence.
有他在场她不敢讲话
5.fearful adj.可怕的，害怕的
a fearful storm 一场可怕的暴风
The baby is fearful of loud noise.
fearless adj.不怕的，无畏的
★invade v. 侵略，侵犯
1.invade a small country
invade sb's rights 侵犯某人的权利
tourists invade the city
invader n. 入侵者，侵略者
2.invasion n. 侵略
eg. The invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939. 1939年德国队波兰的侵略
★officially adv.
office n. 办公室，办公楼
officer n. 军官，政府官员
official
1. adj. 官方的，正式的，公务的，职权的
an official decision 官方决定
an official announcement 官方公告
2. n. 官员
government officials 政府官员
3.officially adv. 正式地，公务或公职上
I've been officially invited to the
wedding. 我被正式邀请去参加婚礼
announce officially 官方地宣布
★connect 1. v. 连接，结合
1.connect A with B
connect A to B
A highway connects the two cities.
2. v. 将（电话）接通（给某人）
Please connect me with New York.
请把电话接到纽约
connection n. 连接，联合，联系
★continent n. 洲，大陆
the Continent 指欧洲大陆
the New Continent 新大陆(南北美洲大陆)
Asia 亚洲
Africa 非洲
North America 北美洲
South America 南美洲
Europe 欧洲
Oceania 大洋洲
Antarctic 南极洲
Part 3: Notes on the text
★In 1858, a French enginner, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel.
a French enginner是主语，Aime Thome de Gamond是同位语成分，补充说明这个法国工程师叫什么名字。a French enginner arrived in England是句子主干，with后面整个的介词短语作伴随状语，修饰谓语动词arrived。介词短语for a twenty-one-mile tunnel作定语修饰plan。
～～～～～～～～～～～
1.twenty-one-mile 复合形容词，只能作前置定语，mile以单数形式出现
a two-year-old boy
her six-year-old daughter
2.a plan for sth ...的计划
eg. Do you have any plans for this evening
We made plans for holidays.
★He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the center of the Channel.
it is possible to do sth 做某事是有可能的
it 做形式主语，to do 不定式做真正的主语
platform
1. 平台，讲台 stand on the platform.
2. 月台 an arrival platform 到站月台
★This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.
1.serve as 充当
eg. When you sleep in the open, old newspapers can serve as a blanket.
2.serve sb with 拿出...款待（某人）
eg. The waiter served us with wine.
★ In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.
put forward 提出供考虑或讨论 ，将某事提前
eg. We have put forward the date of our wedding by one week. 我们把婚礼提前了一周
forward 向前
backward 向后
eg. Forward ! 向前，前进！
backward and forward. 来回地，前后地
go / move forward 向前走
from this time forward 从此以后
★This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
1.主句是would draw, 从句是entered一般过去时，按理说这句话是一种可能性的假设，应该是“主将从现”，但是整篇文章都是以过去时为基调，因此这句话变成过去时态
If a train enters the tunnel, it will draw in fresh air behind it.
2.draw in 抽进，吸进，（白天时间）渐短
eg. The days are drawing in. 白昼渐短
The days are drawing out. 白昼渐长
3.draw back 退回
eg. The dog drew back in terror when it
saw the snake.当狗看见蛇时，它害怕地
退回去了。
3.draw up
1）. (车辆) 停下来
A taxi drew up outside the bank.
2）. 草拟，签署
A new trading agreement was drawn up between Holland and Denmark
荷兰和丹麦签署了一项新的贸易协定
4.draw off 离开，走了
Two men got out and the taxi drew off.
两个男人下车后，车开走了
★He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.
1.suggest 表建议，+宾语从句，从句中用should do
He suggested that we should make a plan.
2.suggest +doing
he suggested making a plan.
3.a double railway-tunnel 双轨隧道
★If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been
completed.
1.对过去事实相反的假设，过去英国人是fear invasion的, 所以主句用的would have done, 而且是被动语态，从句用had done 。
2.the British 英国人
★It was officially opened on March 7, 1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
connecting现在分词短语作伴随状语，表伴随状态，在开通的同时将英国与欧洲大陆连通
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
条件句
1. 真实条件句：对将来可能发生的事情的假设，主句用将来时，从句用现在时
If he is out, I'll call tomorrow.
You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.
2. 非真实条件句：
A：对现在事实假设或对不可能事情假设
主句：would do
从句：一般过去时（were）
If you went to the party, you would enjoy it.
If I were in your position, I would act differently .
B：对过去事实做相反假设
主句：would have done
从句：had done
You would have missesd the train if you had not hurried.
If you had gone to the party, you would have enjoyed it.
“if”的省略
条件句中的if在下列情况中可省略：
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 64单词&课文
2.Retell the text
3.练习总结课文