新概念英语第三册 lesson21 By heart 讲义

Lesson 21
Daniel Mendoza
Part 1: Text
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for Prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prize-fighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prize-fighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set Of rules. Though he was technically a prize-fighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prize-fighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike. Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing-match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as &100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
Part 2: New words and expressions
1.boxing ['b ksi ] n.拳击
2.boxer ['b ks ] n.拳击手
3.bare [b ] a.赤裸的；空荡的
4.prizefighter n.职业拳击手(尤指古时赤手拳击手)
5.crude [kru:d] a.粗野的
6.marquis ['ma:kwis] n.侯爵
7.technically ['teknik li] ad.严格根据法律意义地
8.science ['sai ns] n.科学
9.popularity ['p pju'l riti] n.名望
10.adore [ 'd :] v.崇拜，爱戴；非常喜欢
11.alike [ 'laik] ad.一样地
12.fame [feim] n.名声
13.eminent ['emin nt] a.著名的，杰出的
14.bitterly ['bit li] ad.厉害地
15.bet [bet] v.打赌
16.academy [ 'k d mi] n.专业学校
17.extravagant [iks'tr vig nt] a.浪费的，奢侈的
18.poverty ['p v ti] n.贫困
★boxing ['b ksi ] n.拳击
★boxer ['b ks ] n.拳击手
1.boxing
boxing ring 拳赛场地,拳击场...
boxing glove 拳击手套
2.boxer
The boxer has fought many opponents.
该拳手已与许多对手交锋。
box 常用释义盒子，另外也有巴掌，拳头的意思。
She gave him a box on his ears. 她打了他一耳光。
★bare [b ] a.赤裸的；空荡的
1.adj. 赤裸的；空的；仅有的；贫瘠的，荒芜的
with one's bare hands（arms）空手地；赤手空拳
lay bare 暴露；揭露
Their private lives has been laid bare.
2.vt. 使裸露；暴露
bare one's soul to sb. (向某人)打开心扉，倾诉衷肠
bare one's teeth (凶恶地)龇牙咧嘴
★prizefighter n.职业拳击手(尤指古时赤手拳击手)
prizefight 职业拳击赛
★crude [kru:d] a.粗野的
1.It is(was) crude of sb. to do sth
It was crude of him to say that. 他那样说太粗鲁了。
2.a crude idea 不成熟的意见
★marquis ['ma:kwis] n.侯爵
He was given the title of Marquis. 他被封为侯爵。
★technically ['teknik li] ad.严格根据法律意义地
Technically speaking, the name is incorrect.
严格地说，用这个名词并不正确。
★science ['sai ns] n.科学
blind sb. with science 用技术知识来迷惑人
There is no royal road to science.
在科学的道路上是没有平坦的路可走的。
★popularity ['p pju'l riti] n.名望
1.adj. popular
popular with（among）在…中有声望
2.n. 名望 popularity
He has never courted popularity.他从不追求名望。
★adore [ 'd :] v.崇拜，爱戴；非常喜欢
1.adore sb for sth
We adore them for their generosity.
我们钦佩他们的慷慨。
2.adore...as 把…当作…崇拜
They adored her as a living goddess.
他们把她当作活菩萨崇拜。
3.v. 喜欢
I adore reading books. 我喜欢读书
★alike [ 'laik] ad.一样地
1.adj. 相似的；同样的
1）look alike 看起来像
2）very much alike 很相像
The two brothers are very much alike.
这两兄弟非常相像。
3）alike in character 性格相同
We are much alike in character. 我们的性格很相似。
2.adv. 一样；以同样的方式
No two people think alike.没有两个人的想法是一样的。
★fame [feim] n.名声
1.n. 名声
at the height of sb's fame 在某人最走红的时期
good fame/bad fame 好名声/坏名声
2.V. 使出名
be famed for ·····而出名
Hangzhou is famed for the west lake.
★eminent ['emin nt] a.著名的，杰出的
eminent teacher 名师
Jerry is an eminent teacher.
=Jerry is eminent as a teacher.
★bitterly ['bit li] ad.厉害地
It is bitterly cold today. 今天冷得很。
bitter
1. adj. 苦的（五味之一）
The medicine has a bitter taste. 这药有苦味。
2.n. 苦的东西
A pint of bitter, please. 请来一品脱苦啤酒。
★bet [bet] v.打赌
1.bet on sth. 赌·····
2.bet sb sth on sth/v-ing 和某人就某事打赌
I'll bet you anything on it.对那件事我敢跟你赌任何东西。
3.I'll bet you. 我将与你打赌。
★academy [ 'k d mi] n.专业学校
riding academy 骑术学校,马术学校...
military academy 陆军军官学校..
★extravagant [iks'tr vig nt] a.浪费的，奢侈的
extravagant man 挥霍无度的人
extravagant party 奢侈的聚会
Extravagant people never save money.
奢侈的人攒不下钱。
★poverty ['p v ti] n.贫困
bitter poverty 十分的贫困
financial poverty 财政上的贫困
spiritual poverty 精神空虚
in poverty 处在贫困中
Part 3: Notes on the text
★Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
1.be popular 流行=be in popularity
2. two hunderd years ago 200年前
★ In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for Prize money.
1. bare fists 赤手空拳
2. fight for 为····而战
They are fighting for the freedom.
★Because of this, they were known as 'prize-fighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prize-fighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
1.because of 因为; 由于（说明）
because of是复合介词，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或由what引导的从句（但不是直接接从句）
2.be known as···为·····而出名
Jerry is known as a teacher.
3. for 表原因，本句中可以和because 互换
★One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764.
one of+名次复数 其中之一
One of the most important things in the world 世界上最重要的事情之一
★The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set Of rules.
1.the use of sth 某物的应用
the use of water 水的应用
2. not·····until 直到····才·····
Jerry did not come back until 10:00 pm.
3.when引导时间状语从句
4. draw up 起草，制定
They agreed to draw up a formal agreement
他们同意起草一份正式协议。
★ In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
1.in this way 用这种方式，通过这种方式
2.alike 是修饰 rich and poor 的后置定语
3. adore参考上面单词用法
★Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing-match when he was only fourteen years old.
rise to fame 一举成名
★This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England.
attract the attention of sb. 引起某人注意
the most eminent boxer 最出名的拳手
★He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him.
1.offer to do sth 主动提供·····
2.be quick to do sth 上手很快，学的很快
Jerry is quic to learn a foreign language well.
3. in fact 事实上，实际上
4. so····· that 如此。。。以至于。。。
so+adj/adv+that 引导结果状语从句
区别so that
so that 引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can/could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以”。
如：The little boy read many boks so that he could pass the exam.
★The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.
1.bet 打赌，参考单词解析
2.a great deal of +不可数名词，意思为许多的大量的
A great of work awaits us. 许多工作在等着我们。
a great number of+可数名词复数
a great many of+可数名词复数
3.on a later occasion 接下来的一场
4. a second time 又一次，再一次
the second time 第二次
序数词在表示第几的时候，和定冠词the连
★It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.
1.“it is not until加从句加倒装的主句形式的强调句型，表达直到什么条件才什么的意思
例句：It was not until midnight that he unsderstood what happened to his father.
2.one's third match 第三次
★Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils.
1.meanwhile 与此同时，一件事发生的同时另一件事情也在发生，表示区间
the same time 强调同时
2.one of+名词复数，意思为 ····之一
★He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as &100 for a single appearance.
1.as much as··· 多达，接不可数名词
as many as+可数名词
2.earn money 赚钱
★Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten.
1. despite，介词，不可以接句子
despite如果要接句子，一般句型为：despite the fact that+从句
2. in debt 处于债务中
★He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
1.be sent to prison 送进监狱
2. fail to do sth. 无力做某事，失败做某事
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
1.so that和so····that 的区别
so····· that 如此。。。以至于。。。
so+adj/adv+that 引导结果状语从句
区别so that
so that 引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can/could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以”。
如：The little boy read many boks so that he could pass the exam.
2. 重点句型：
It is not until·····that·····倒装句的强调形式
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 21单词&课文（重点语句解析需背诵）
2.重点词记忆
3.练习总结课文