新概念英语第三册 Lesson 8 A famous monastery 讲义

Lesson 8 A famous monastery
Part 1: Text
The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2470 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watch-dogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars, As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -30 and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks Prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm.
Welcome at St Bernard's monastery.
Part 2: New words and expressions
1.monastery ['m n stri] n.寺院，修道院
2.St.Bernard 圣伯纳德
3.pass [pa:s] n.关隘
4.watchdog ['w t d :g] n.看门狗
5.rashly ['r li] a.莽撞地，冒失地
6.enclosure [in'kl u ] n.围场，圈地
7.monk [m k] n.和尚，僧侣,修道士
8.privacy ['praiv si] n.清静，隐居
9.skier ['ski: ] n.滑雪者
10.Easter ['i:st ] n.复活节
★Monastery n.寺院，修道院( a sacred building where monks live)
abbot n.男修道院院长
abbess n.女修道院院长
convent / nunnery n.女修道会, 女修道院 (a sacred building where nuns live)
nun n.修女
Sister Maria 圣母玛利亚;
Brother 和尚
“Sound of Music” 《音乐之声》
“Sister Act” 《修女也疯狂》
★St. Bernard 圣伯纳德
Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特大教堂
St. Paul’s Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂
St. ： Saint n. 圣人 ;
Strait 海峡；
Saint Valentine’s Day 情人节
Eg. People will send a special card, flowers esp. red roses to someone they love but without saying who they are.
Taiwan Strait 台湾海峡
Wall Street 华尔街
Wall street is in N.Y., famous as stock market which is the most important financial center in America.
★Pass
1.名词 n.
1） a road or path which goes through小路，小径；
2）a place that is difficult to cross关隘，山隘
come to a pretty pass 陷入困境（对顶修饰）
a dead living; 虽生犹死
a living death
Eg. A mountain pass is a narrow gap between mountains.
intersection 交叉路口，十字路口
crossroad交叉路口，十字路口
at a / the crossroad 转折点
2.v. 通过；经过；度过；传递；发生
pass examination 通过考试
pass hat 募捐
pass sb sugar 把糖递给
★watchdog ['w t d :g] n.看门
A watchdog committee 监督委员会
A guard dog 担任警戒的狗；
doorman 看门人
A bodyguard 保镖；
a security guard 保安
★rashly ['r li] a.莽撞地，冒失地
1.make decisions rashly
2.rash adj.
make a rash decision
eg. Don’t make rash decisions about your future. Take it seriously.
It was rash of you to sigh the form without reading it.
perfunctory. Adj. 草率的；敷衍的
eg. You should never be perfunctory about your work.
More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。
★enclosure n. 围场，圈地；附件
1.walled enclosure 四周有围墙的场地
eg. The enclosure of public land meant that ordinary people could no longer use it. 公用地的圈占意味着普通 人不能再使用这块土地
2.enclose. v. 围起；把…装入；封入
enclose a garden with a wall
Eg. The mountains were enclosed in mist（薄雾）.
Enclosed / Attached , please find some pictures of the cars. 兹附上几张汽车照片请查收。
wrap (put some paper or sth. else around sth. / sb. )用…包起来
be wrapped up with / in sth. (give too much attention to…)
对于…过于重视而疏忽了…；埋头于
eg . Mr. Kramer has been wrapped up with his career that he has no time to take care of his family.
Be wrapped up in English!
★monk [m k] n.和尚，僧侣,修道士
1.monk's cloth 僧侣布
2.The man was a monk from Emei Mountain.
那人是峨眉山上下来的和尚。
★privacy ['praiv si] n.清静，隐居
privacy enhanced mail 加密邮件
privacy device 隐蔽设备,保密设备...
data privacy 数据保密
例：Everyone has his own privacy.
每个人都有自己的隐私。
I object to our privacy being invaded.
我反对我们的隐私权受到侵害。
isolate v .隔离；孤立
lead a isolated life 过着孤独的生活
★skier ['ski: ] n.滑雪者
water-skier 滑水家
water skier 滑水运动员
V. ski
ski along〔down, past〕 滑雪滑去〔滑下,滑过〕
★Easter ['i:st ] n.复活节
Easter Bunny 复活节小兔子..
Easter egg 复活节彩蛋
at Easter 在复活节
at Christmas 在圣诞节
at Thanksgiving 在感恩节
Part 3: Notes on the text
★The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
connect…to… / join….to… / link…with/to…
connect...with/and… 把...与某事联系在一起
eg . Taiwan Strait connects mainland with Taiwan.
contact v. /n. （与人）联系
keep in contact with sb. /keep in touch with sb.
relate v. 联系（抽象）
eg. The rise in crimes relates closely to the increase in unemployment.
犯罪率的上升与失业率的上升紧密相关。
link v. 链接；与…有关
eg. Flu is linked to virus.
★At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
At 2,473 metres：表示海拔高度
（介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态）
Eg.
In red, she looks much more beautiful.
At the age of 25, he is able. 在25岁的时候, 他很能干。
At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.
At 1,980 metres, Heaven Lake（天池）is the highest tourist attraction in China.
天池海拔1980米，是中国最高的旅游景点。
★The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away.
1. found（v.建立, 创立）= set up（设立, 竖立）= establish（vt.成立，建立）
Eg. The United Nations was founded in 1945.
establish v. 建立，成立（to start a company or an organization.)
Eg. Rockefeller established the Standard Oil Company（标准石油公司） in 1870.
construct v. 构造
build up逐步建立；增强…体质，建立…信心
Eg.The regime built up the largest army in Africa.该政权逐渐建立起非洲最大规模的军队。
build up energy 增强体力;
build up credit 树立信誉
2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（见4）
★For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass.
save one’s life= “Help!” =“Spare me!”
★These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times.
bring … from…“从…引进…”
eg. The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of friendship.
bring in :把…拿进来；带进来；收获（庄稼等）；赚（钱）
The firm decided to bring in a new management team. 该公司决定聘请新的管理团队。
★Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.
1. Now that 既然；由于 （口语中that可省）
1）用做时间连接词, 后面通常跟完成式
Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
2）用做原因连接词时, 后面时态不限
Now that you won't help me, I must do the job myself.
表示原因的介词短语：
due to 由于（书面语）
Eg . Due to the heavy snow, I was firmly stuck on the road.
because of
owing to 由于，因为，多亏（通常用于句首）
Eg. Owing to her help and kindness, I finally weathered the storm(渡过难关）.
thanks to 幸亏，由于 （only used to explain why or how sth. good has happened. )
Eg. Thanks to my beloved mother, I’ve got where I am today.
2.whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however
= no matter who/what/when/where/which/how
-- Whenever you are in trouble, just let me know.
-- Whichever day you come, we'll be pleased to see you.
-- However busy you are, you must spare some time to study.
-- Wherever you go, I'll follow you.
--Whatever happens, do not give up.
★Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
1.despite(介词) = in spite of (of是介词) + 短语
despite the fact that = in spite of the fact that + （同位语从句）
2.attempt v. n. 尝试，企图
attempt to do something ( try to do sth. difficult or dangerous) 企图做某事
Eg. an attempt on the life of the former Iranian Prime Minister
试图杀害伊朗前总理
tempt. V. 引诱，诱惑
Eg. Nothing could tempt him to such a course of action. 什么都不能诱使他去那样做。
★During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.
in cars = by car
★As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.
1.With so many people about, …
about（adv.到处, 周围）
Don't litter waste paper about. 不要到处扔废纸。
litter（vt.乱丢, 铺草, 弄乱）
2.keep经常和介词短语、形容词、分词搭配使用, 表示使某人或某物处于某种状态。
Keep him out. / Keep him in.（介词）
Do keep the cat in the room. （介词）
I'm sorry to keep you waiting.（现在分词）
★In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
quite the opposite 恰恰相反
on the contrary 相反
Eg. It seems that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. On the contrary, he had a great time.
★The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy.
1.drop to 下降，跌至 go ( sharply) down to
Eg. The price drops only to half as much as it used to.
( rise up to; jump up to ; go up to ; climb up to; 升至)
drop in
Eg. Drop in to see us any time.随便什么时候顺便来看看我们
It‘s improper to drop in on him so casually.这样冒冒失失去找他可不好。Oh! I just drop in on him for a chat.哦，我只是顺便来和他聊聊天
drop by
Eg. I have to drop by the bank to get some money.我得到银行去取一下钱Would you drop by when you are in town 你来城里就来玩好吗
2.prefer 的用法：
prefer doing sth.
prefer to do sth. prefer sb. to do;
prefer A to B ;
prefer doing A to doing B = prefer to do A rather than do B
★The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.
1.the regular visitors to + 地点. “常客”
regular customer熟客; regular lawyer 职业律师；
regular army正规军； regular meeting例会
2.a party of visitors 一群造访者;
a flood of refugees 一群难民
a host of friends 一群狐朋狗友;
a galaxy of beauties 一群美女
a odd collection of people 一群怪人
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
定语从句解析可点击此链接：语法课堂-定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别：
非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充、说明和解释, 去掉对主句影响不大。 限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分。
试比较以下句子：
1）who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
-- Mr. Smith was a famous person in American history.
-- Mr. Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history.
There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.
（n.伤害）旅客很少, 他们都逃出来了, 没有受到重伤。
There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.
没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少。
-- The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
所有司机都知道堵车的事, 都走了别的路。
The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who didn't know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
得知堵车的司机走了别的路, 不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路。
2）指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which, 不用that。
-- He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.
3）指代时间when、地点where
-- He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as three weeks.
他被留在了荒岛上, 在那里他呆了长达三周之久。
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 8单词&课文（重点语句解析需背诵）
2.Retell the text
3.练习总结课文