新概念英语第三册 Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy讲义

Lesson 27Nothing to sell and nothing to buy
Part 1: Text
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell. Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars. They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences He, may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people. His few material possession make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease- By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care
Part 2: New words and expressions
1.philosopher [fi'l s f ] n.哲学家2.wisdom ['wizd m] n.智慧3.priest [pri:st] n.牧师
4.spiritual ['spiritju l] a.精神上的
5.grudge [gr d ] v.不愿给，舍不得给
6.surgeon ['s :d n] n.外科大夫
7.passer-by n.过路人(复数passers-by)
8.dignity ['digniti] n.尊严
9.deliberately [di'lib ritli] ad.故意地
10.consequence ['k nsikw ns] n.后果，结果
11.afflict [ 'flikt] v.使苦恼，折磨
12.ease [i:z] n.容易
13.nature ['neit ] n.大自然
14.contempt [k n'tempt] n.蔑视
15.envious ['envi s] a.嫉妒的
★philosopher [fi'l s f ] n.哲学家natural philosopher 自然哲学家,物理学家take things like a philosopher 达观世事★wisdom ['wizd m] n.智慧
worldly wisdom 世故
wisdom teeth 智齿
a man of wisdom 有智慧的
例句：We grow in wisdom as we grow older.
我们随着年龄增长而更加明智。
A flow of words is no proof of wisdom.口若悬河，不能证明真有才智。
★priest [pri:st] n.牧师
the officiating priest 司祭
confess to a priest 向牧师忏悔
priest of art 艺术大师
例句：The priest persuaded him to give up his bad habit.
牧师劝他放弃坏习惯。
★spiritual ['spiritju l] a.精神上的
spiritual beauty 内在美
spiritual requirements 精神上的需要
例句：Reading books is man's spiritual needs.
读书是人类精神上的需要。
His spiritual nature is good.
他心灵上本质是善良的。
spirit n.精神
be in (good〔high〕) spirits喜气洋洋,快活,兴高采烈
★grudge [gr d ] v.不愿给，舍不得给
grudge sb's job 嫉妒某人的工作
grudge money 吝惜钱财
例：He grudges to pay his taxes.他不愿意纳税。
He grudges every penny he has to spend.
他吝惜他不得不花的每一分钱。
★surgeon ['s :d n] n.外科大夫
dental surgeon 牙医
plastic surgeon 整形外科
★passer-by n.过路人(复数passers-by)★dignity ['digniti] n.尊严1.beneath one's dignity
He would do nothing beneath his dignity.
他决不愿意干任何有损自身尊严的事。
2.The real dignity of a man lies in what he is, not in what he has.一个人的真正尊严在于他的品格，而非他的财富。
3.lose one's dignity 丢面子，失去尊严
stand / keep on one’s dignity 保持自己的尊严
★deliberately [di'lib ritli] ad.故意地
You have deliberately acted against my wishes.
你故意和我的想法对著干。
He's being deliberately obtuse.他装糊涂。
★consequence ['k nsikw ns] n.后果，结果
as a consequence 因此
in consequence of 由于…的缘故,由于
例句：In consequence of his bad conduct he was dismissed.
由于行为不良，他被开除了。
Both sides think of the point as of no consequence.
双方都认为这一点不重要。
★afflict [ 'flikt] v.使苦恼，折磨
be afflicted at sb's failure 为某人失败而难过
be afflicted with 为…所折磨，苦于…
例句：I wish you wouldn't afflict me with your constant complaints.
希望你不要老是埋怨,让我感到难受。
He was afflicted with cancer.他患了癌症。
He felt much afflicted at the news.听到那个消息，他感到很难受。
★ease [i:z] n.容易
1.n. 容易；悠闲；
with ease 轻易,毫不费劲
They are expected to win the election with ease.
预计他们在竞选中能够轻易获胜。
2.v. 减轻；放松；缓和；
ease one's mind 使放心
It would ease my mind to know where he was.
要知道他在哪儿我就放心了。
3. at ease 舒服
He stayed home at ease. 他在家舒服的呆着
adj. easy 容易的
★nature ['neit ] n.大自然
human nature 人性
mother nature 大自然
In fact, nature is much better at recycling than we humans are.
事实上,自然界在再循环方面比人类做得更好。
★contempt [k n'tempt] n.蔑视
in contempt of 不顾
They showed nothing but contempt for him.他们对他轻蔑已极。
2.bring into contempt 使···丢尽面
Such behavior will bring you into contempt. 这样的行为会使你丢人现眼
★envious ['envi s] a.嫉妒的
envious of 妒忌
He was contemptuous of Bulwer's novels, but envious of their success.
Part 3: Notes on the text
★It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.
1.It has been said= it is said that 据说
2.live by: 依靠某种职业为生
live on 依靠某种食物维持生命，或靠某人生活
e.g: Sheep and cows live on grasses.
3.In the light of = in light of 根据,按照= according to= taking into account=in accordance with: 依据(法律) （更加正式）In the light of this statement 是经典的引出论据的过渡句4.philosopher 哲人
Phil (o) 这个前缀表示 “loving” , 即喜欢…的
两词根构成的其他词：
Philobiblic 爱书的，爱文学的
Sophomore 大二学生 （有点智慧了）
Sophisticated 世故的，老练的
5.Wisdom n.智慧 （wise adj.英明的, 明智的, 聪明的）
e.g: He is a man of wisdom. = He is a wise man.
cut one's wisdom teeth 开始懂事
★Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us.
1.句式：it is possible to do sth 可能
2.in terms of 关于，谈到···
= in respect of（关于, 就…来说）,
= in/with regard to（关于）,
3.句式：it is +adv+difficult to do sth 做某事很困难
It is difficult to finish the plan before the end of this month.
★There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
1.There are times when=sometimes 有时
2.would,表达一种心理的愿望, 并不表示过去。
3.willingly
be willing to do 愿意做某事，乐意做某事。
e.g: He cherishes friendship and is willing to do anything for his friends.
4.grudge vt.吝啬, 不愿给, 勉强给
grudge + doing/ n.
e.g: He grudged paying so much money for the books.
5.句式分析
such that skills...way that...整个句子是一个系表结构，such that...是表语部分。
such 代词，为句中的先行词，指这样的事物（人），that 引导同位语从句;
in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop是一个状语，表示方式，修饰前面的skills have to be paid for.在这个状语短语中，that goods are paid for at a shop是一个定语从句，修饰same way
★Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars.
1.tramp，n.流浪汉；游民；徒步旅行者（有精神信仰）
begger, n. 乞丐; （乞讨的成分多一些）
passers-by n.路人
2.sell····as·····作为·····出售
★In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.
1.in seeking independence
in+v-ing（动名词）表示在····的过程中
In waiking to the school，he met his teacher.
2.sacrifice n.牺牲；献祭；牺牲行为；
1）Vt (self-sacrifice) 牺牲；舍弃；献出
e.g: She sacrificed family life to her career...
2）Vt 献祭；以…为祭品
e.g: The priest sacrificed a cow.
3.ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事
★He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.
1.Deliberately 故意地 =designedly/intentionally
e.g: She deliberately ignored me when I passed her in the market.
deliberately: 经过深思熟虑后而行事
on purpose: 侧重所作行为的特殊目的
2.consequence n. 后果，结果
in consequence 因此,
in consequence of 由于什么的缘故
take the consequence of 承担……的后果
e.g: You have to take the consequences of the accidence.
3.be free from… 不受…的影响, 免于
e.g: The old lady is never free from trouble.
free from error 没有错误,
free from care and anxiety 无忧无虑
e.g: He is leading a life free from care and anxieties.
4.thousands of 数以千计的
★His few material possession make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease- By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.
1.with ease 自由的
2.make it possible（ for sb.）to do sth. 使做某事成为一种可能
3.far 修饰比较级（far closer）
可修饰比较级的词有：a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
4.keep oneself alive 为了生存
make a living 谋生；营生
★We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care
1. with 和名词搭配，表示“具有，带有”，表明一种状态。
e.g: He came into the room with a book in his arm.
the same...as 像...一样
2.envious
be envious of 羡慕 (仍属健康心态)
e.g: It doesn't help to be envious of him.
jealous adj.妒忌 (属不健康心态)
e.g: She is jealous of our success.
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
重点句式：
It is side that+句子 据说
with+名词搭配（具体jin句式分析）
in + 动名词 表示在····过程当中
on+动名词 表示一·····就·····
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 27单词&课文（重点语句解析需背诵）
2.重点词记忆
3.练习总结课文