新概念英语第三册 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 讲义

Lesson 14 A noble gangster
Part 1: Text
There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for' protection' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protechon money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
Part 2: New words and expressions
1.gangster ['g st ] n.歹徒，强盗
2.Chicago [ i'ka:g u] n.芝加哥(美国城市)
3.protection [pr 'tek n] n.保护
4.promptly ['pr mptli] ad.准时地；迅速的
5.destroy [dis'tr i] v.毁掉；消灭
6.remarkable [ri'ma:k bl] a.不寻常的
7.band [b nd] n.帮，团伙
8.Florence ['fl r ns] n.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)
9.city-state n.(古代)城邦
10.hire ['hai ] v.租出，雇佣
11.prince ['prins] n.(小附属国的)君主，诸侯；王子
12.Florentine ['fl r ntain] n.佛罗伦萨人
13.funeral ['fju:n r l] n.葬礼
14.dedicate ['dedikeit] v.奉献，题献给
15.memory ['mem ri] n.纪念
16.valiant ['v lj nt] a.英勇的
★ noble
1.崇高的；品质高尚的
e.g. (1) 伟大的领袖 a noble leader
(2) 他为了高尚的事业而牺牲。
He died for a noble cause.
2.e.g. 出身高贵的人
a man of noble birth
the nobility) 贵族
★protection [pr 'tek n] n.保护
1.保护；保障
e.g. 她那单薄的外衣不怎么御寒。
Her thin coat gave/provided little protection against the cold.
2.保护物
e.g. 鞋是用来保护脚的。
Shoes are a protection for the feet.
v. protect 保护，维护，防护
e.g. (1) 这些珍禽受到专门法令的保护-它们是受保护的物种。
These rare birds are protected by special laws---they are protected species.
(2) 维护自己的名誉
to protect one’s reputation
(3) 戴墨镜可以保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。
Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from the sun.

★promptly ['pr mptli] ad.准时地；迅速的
例：I'll be here promptly at nine o'clock.
我一定九点准时到这里。
prompt adj. [pr mpt]
1. (行动)立刻的；迅速的；准时的
e.g. (1) 如蒙即期结账, 则不胜感激。
Prompt payment of bills is greatly appreciated.
(2)他付房租从不拖延。
He is prompt in payinghis rent.( 租金,租费)
(3) I can't understand it; he's usually very prompt.
我不明白这是怎么回事, 他通常很准时的。
2.v. prompt v. to cause or urge 促使；催促，引起
e.g. (1) 看到船使他想起遥远的故乡。
The sight of the ships prompted thoughts of his distant home.
(2) 他的答复促使我再提一个问题。
His reply prompted me to ask another question.
★destroy [dis'tr i] v.毁掉；消灭
destroy a plan 破坏计划
destroy sb's belief 破坏某人的信仰
例：It is proverbially easier to destroy than to construct.
谁都知道破坏容易建设难。
★remarkable [ri'ma:k bl] a.不寻常的
1.他是一位杰出的语言学家。
He is a remarkable linguist.
2.非常壮观的日落（景象）
a most remarkable sunset
adv. remarkably 不寻常地；突出地
e.g. (1) 他唱得特别好。
He sings remarkably well.
(2) 特别晴朗的一天。
a remarkably fine day
remark v. 谈到；说起
e.g. 他说天色不早了。
He remarked that it was getting late.
remark on/upon sth. 评论；谈论
e.g. 人人对他的缺席都评论了一番。
Everyone remarked on his absence.
remark n. 评论；意见
e.g. 不要对她的容貌胡乱品评。
Don’t make rude remarks about her appearance.
★band [b nd] n.帮，团伙
1.n. 团伙：
a band of robbers 一伙强盗
2. n. 乐队
a rock band 摇滚乐队
3.V. 团结，联合
band together 联合起来
band closely 紧密团结
★hire ['hai ] v.租出，雇佣
1. 租用
We hired a car for a week when we were in Italy.
e.g. 我们在意大利时租了一辆汽车用了一个星期。
2. [为某一目的短期]雇佣(某人)
e.g. 雇佣杀手 a hired killer
3. 雇人做某事，聘任
hire sth./sb. out v. (~to)
1） to give the use of (sth.) for payment 出租
e.g. 他把车租给了邻居。
He hired out his car to his neighbour.
2.）受雇
e.g. 收割季节出卖劳动力的农场劳工
farm labourers who hire themselves out for the harvest
★prince ['prins] n.(小附属国的)君主，诸侯；王子
as happy as a prince 非常快乐
prince of the blood 皇族
★funeral ['fju:n r l] n.葬礼
at the funeral 出席葬礼
hold a funeral 举行葬礼
★dedicate ['dedikeit] v.奉献，题献给
1.dedicate life 奉献生命
2.be dedicate to 献身于…
I'd like to dedicate the book to my parents.
我想把这本书献给我的父母。
★memory ['mem ri] n.纪念
keep one's memory 记住
to the memory of sb 为纪念某人
例：A whole series of memories started to well up.
一系列往事开始涌上心头。
★valiant ['v lj nt] a.英勇
pot-valiant 酒后胆壮的
as valiant as an essex lion 温顺如犊(胆小如鼠)...
例：Let's hail to the valiant victors.
让我们向勇敢的胜利者致敬！
Part 3: Notes on the text
★There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for' protection' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.
1. had to原形 have to 不得不
2.large sums of···一大笔......
I had to spend a large sum/large sums of money to get it back.
The sum of 6 and 4 is 10.
sum up / sum sth up 概括，总结
3. in return 作为回报
What did he do in return for your kindness
对你的好意，他做了些什么呢？
4. pay
Vt. 支付，付钱给
How much did you pay for that dress
注：为某件东西或某项服务付钱用pay for
5. out of business 倒闭，破产
put sb. out of business 使……倒闭，破产
★As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
1.as long ago as·····早在……作时间状语，说明动作made 发生的时间
I knew him as long ago as the year 1960.我早在1960年就认识他了。
2.rather·····than 宁愿····也不
只有当prefer后的宾语为动词不定式时，才可在其后使用rather than结构，如prefer后的
宾语为名词或动名词形式时，只能用于prefer…to…结构。
★Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence.
1.arrive in + 地点，到达（比较大的地点）
arrive at+地点（多指小地点）
2. a band of 一伙，一帮
a band of robbers一伙强盗
3. settle
1）定居
They got married and settled near Manchester.
2）处理
They settled their quarrel/differences in a friendly way.
他们友好地解决了他们的争端。
★He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
1.make a name for oneself 使自己成名，多用于口语中。
e.g.你要在舞台上出人头地很难，那儿的竞争太激烈了。
It’s difficult to make a name for yourself on the stage, where the competition is so fierce.
2.came to be known 渐渐被知晓/称作
come/get +动词不定式结构表示一种情况的变化过程，表示出“逐渐”的含义。在汉语译文
中，有时并不一定译出来，如：
e.g. 总有一天她会为她今日的所作所为而感到羞愧。
She will come to be ashamed of what she has done today.
Be known to sb.为某人所知
当to后为“某地”时，则表示“文明于某地”之意，如：
e.g. (1) 你的邻居是警察熟悉的人物，所以你最好对他留神点。
Your neighbour’s known to the police, so you’d better keep an eye on him.
(2) 这家人在这一地区很出名。
The family is quite known to the area.
Be known as…/be known for…都可用来表示“以…而出名”但它们在含义和用法上有所不同。
be known as…后的介词宾语与主语为同位语成分
be known for…后的介词宾语则为主语的所属内容
(1) 当主语为表示人的名词时，be known as…表示“以某种身份而出名”而be known for…
则表示“以某种技能、作品或特征等而出名”，比较：
e.g. 爱迪生以一位伟大的发明家而著称。
Edison was known as a great inventor.
爱迪生以其发明天赋而闻名。
Edison was known for his inventive talent.
(2) 当主语为表示地点的名词时，
be known as…表示“以…的产地或地方而出名”
be known for…则表示“以…特产而出名”
★Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.
1.be at war with~ 与…处于战争状态
2 used to do sth. 习惯做某事
3. hire sb. to do sth.
4. be willing to do sth. 想去做某事
He’s quite willing to pay the price I ask.
5. demand
in great demand 有很大的需求
★In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.
1.In times of peace 在和平时期
即使在困难时期，他仍对那项计划很热情。
He was still enthusiastic for the scheme even in times of difficulty.
2. march
1）前进，行进
The soldiers marched along the road. 士兵们沿着大路齐步前进。
2）on the march 行军中
Our armies are on the march. 我们的部队在行军中。
3）游行，示威
群众和平游行 a peace march
3. burn down （被）焚毁：
e.g. 那座楼烧得只剩下灰烬。
The building (was) burnt down and only ashes were left.
4. offer to do sth. 愿意做某事
她表示愿意开车送我去车站。
She offered to drive me to the station.
提供
我主动提出给他吃的和喝的。
I made him an offer of food and drink.
★In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
1.in spite of 尽管
2. a sort of 类似…的人物
I had a sort of (a) feeling you’d say that.我有某种感觉你会那样说的。
3. regard as 看作是····
★When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
1.at the age of …在…岁时
2.funeral n.
The old lady’s funeral was held at the local church.那位老妇人的葬礼在当地的教堂举行。
3. be dedicated to
Jack dedicated his life/himself to English teaching. 杰克为英语教学奉献了他的一生。
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult point
重点：would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿而不
Eg。：He would rather die than surrender.
I would rather play tennis than swim.
=would prefer to do……than do
=would prefer doing……to doing
Eg。: He would prefer to die than surrender.
He would prefer dying to surrendering。
would rather: sooner + that从句 (过去式)
Eg: I would rather that you were not here。我宁愿你不在这儿。
Eg: I would rather that I didn't see you. 我宁愿没见到你。
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 14单词&课文（重点语句解析需背诵）
2.Retell the text
3.练习总结课文