鲁教版九年级英语全一册Unit 9 It's important to have good habits.学案

Unit 9 It’s important to have good habits.
一 诊断测评
行为 （白天）小睡 专心于_________________ 效果
有规律的 数量 平均的 数字
商量：讨论___________________度过：通过 同意______________
放弃 太多 熬夜 与......不同
对......有影响 另一方面 和......一样好__________________
闲逛 例如 过去常常做某事_____________________
持续做某事______________ 尽力做某事______________ 允许某人做某事_________________
二 重难点把握
动词不定式的用法
构成：to+ 动词原形，无人称和数的变化
作主语（1）位于句首 ，谓语动词用单数形式
To see is to believe. __________________
To get there by bus will take us half an hour.______________________________
用it 作形式主语，把真正的主语---动词不定式置于句子后部
It’s our duty to take good care of the children.______________________________
It is easy for us _________( finish) writing the composition in a quarter.
作宾语We hope to get there before dark.
拓展：跟动词不定式作宾语的常用动词有：agree、decide、expect、fail、hope、manage、offer、plan、prepare、pretend、refuse、want、wish。
当复合宾语中的宾语是动词不定式时，先用形式宾语it 代替动词不定式，把动词不定式置于宾语补足语之后，即 主语+动词+it+宾语补足语+to do sth.
We think it important to learn a foreign language well.
作宾语补足语My parents will not allow me to play on the street.
拓展：有的动词在主动语态中用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要将to还原。这些动词有：feel、hear、make、have、see、watch、notice。
作表语My purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. 我的目的是指出这件事的难处。
作定语The next train to arrive is from Shanghai. Do you have anything to eat
作状语I come here to say good-bye to you. （目的状语）
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. （结果状语）
I’m glad to see you. （原因状语）
三 课本知识点
Section A
to get enough sleep.
解析：enough 形容词，意为“足够的”，修饰名词时可前可后
We have enough food/food enough to eat.
enough 副词，意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时，须后置
He is old enough to go to school.
not to play computer games too much.
解析：too much 太多，副词性短语
辨析：too much, much too, too many
too much 太多 修饰动词 drink too much
too much 太多的 修饰不可数名词 too much water
much too 太 修饰形容词、副词 much too difficult
too many 太多的 修饰可数名词复数 too many people
I think it’s important for teenagers to talk problems over with someone.
解析：talk over 意为“商量，讨论” 动副短语，人称代词作宾语，放中间
talk sth. over with sb. 与某人讨论/商量某事=discuss sth. with sb.
Tom always talks things over with his parents before he makes an important decision.
What does one girl ask if she is too young to do
解析：too...to... 太...而不能... The apple is too high for me to reach.
拓展：It is never too late to do sth. 做某事为时不晚
It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，为时未晚。
It is never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。
too...to... 与 so... that... 或 not ...enough to do...互换
The box is too heavy for me to carry.→________________________→_____________________
Well, you need to be very careful in order to be safe...
解析：need to do sth. 需要做某事
We need to look for a lot of food.
need doing sth. = need to be done 某事需要被做
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.
拓展：need 可作情态动词 意为________ ，多用于否定句和疑问句
---Mum, need I wash my trousers right now
---Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t.
Actually, cooking is not that difficult.
解析：that 副词，意为“那么，那样”，用于口语中表示程度
The bird was that big.______________________________
For example, he listens to very loud music that is bad for his hearing.
for example 一般只列举一个例子， 作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末。
such as 常用来列举几个例子，置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间。
like 可与such as 互换，但such as 分开使用时除外。
Wang Le likes to eat junk food, and she would rather drink coffee and cola than water.
解析：would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁可做某事，也不做某事
= prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
Section B
working much harder
解析：much 副词，意为“...得多；很”，修饰比较级
The sun is much larger than the moon.
拓展：常用来修饰比较级的词或短语还有：still_______ even_______ a little_______
a bit_______a lot_______ This ball is a bit larger than that one.
There is extra information that the writer did not say directly in the reading.
解析：information 不可数名词，意为“信息” 一条信息______________________
message 可数名词，意为“信息，口信，音信”
Would you mind giving him a message
Even a ten-minute ________（小睡）at lunchtime can allow us to work better in the afternoon.
You’d better take a nap after lunch.
Not getting enough sleep has serious effects on our brain’s ability to work.
解析：effect 可数名词，影响
have effects on = have an effect on 对...有影响
Smoking has bad effects on people.__________________________________________
If you go without sleep, you might have problems with your memory or with your concentration.
解析：have problems with sth. 在某方面有困难
有时我在英语上有困难。_________________________________________________
拓展：have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
We had some problems/difficulty/trouble getting to the top of the mountain.
In order to concentrate at school or perform well in tests, we really need to get a good night’s sleep.
解析：concentrate 不及物动词，意为“专心，集中”
concentrate(...) on 专注于
You must concentrate all your energies on the study of English.
Sleep experts say that it’s better not to try too hard to get to sleep, and certainly not to keep looking at the time.
解析：keep doing sth. 持续做某事 Why do the dogs keep barking
辨析：keep doing sth. 与 keep on doing sth.
keep doing sth. 表示某一连续不断的动作，或某一动作的持续状态 They kept standing outside the room during all the meeting. keep on doing sth. 强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性及某人做某事的决心 The boy kept on asking some strange questions in class. 若表示今后或将来继续做某事，则只用keep on doing sth. We must keep on working hard in the coming new year.
The amount of sleep we need is different from person to person, though the average seems to be just under eight hours.
解析：the amount of ________________ an amount of _________________+不可数名词
A billion dollars is an amount of money.
四 达标测评
A
What was discovered by accident The answer is penicillin(青霉素). It kills germs. By killing germs, it saves lives. Suppose you are sick. You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a "staph" infection(葡萄球菌感染). She gives you some medicine. You take it. The medicine knocks out the staph. Soon you are well. Before penicillin, this would not happen. Staph was almost sure death.
　　Everyone wanted a medicine. Laboratories worked day and night. They grew the staph in small dishes. Then they tried to kill it. Nothing worked.
　　The laboratory dishes had covers on them. They kept things from falling into dishes. Molds(霉菌) were a big worry. They are always in the air. You can't see them. They're too small. There are thousands of different molds. Molds can make an experiment(实验) fail. That's why dishes are covered.
　　Dr. Alexander Fleming was working to kill the staph germ. He worked for years. One day he took a cover off a dish. He looked inside. There was a thick growth of staph germ. There was also some mold. Then he saw something strange. Where the mold was, there was no growth of staph. This is what Fleming probably thought. "By accident, I found a mold to kill the dreaded staph."
　　This is how penicillin was found. But here's the real miracle(奇迹). There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph. The mold must have fallen into the dish a few days before. The cover was probably off only a few seconds(秒). In those few seconds the right mold fell into the right dish. Another man might have thrown the dish away. But Fleming was very careful and smart. He understood what the mold did. How lucky the humans were!
During the experiments to find a medicine for staph infections, _____.
A. the dishes were not covered B. staph and mold were put together
C. mold was kept in small dishes D. staph was grown in small dishes
2. The word "dreaded" means "_____".
A. famous B. scary C. health D. endangered
3. The last paragraph suggests that _____.
A. accidents happen to everyone
B. the careful person does not have accidents
C. the careless person will miss valuable chances
D. luck is enough when doing scientific experiments
4. Most of this passage is written by _____.
A. telling an unusual story B. showing the results of experiments
C. offering some reasons D. giving some advice
5. This passage is mainly about _____.
A. medicine for a staph infection B. useful accidents
C. Dr. Fleming's research D. discovering penicillin