新概念英语第二册 Lesson 43 Over the South Pole 讲义

lesson 43 Over the South Pole
Part 1: Text
In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R. E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.
Part 2: New words and expressions
1 pole[p ul] n.(地球的)极
2 flight[flait] n.飞行
3 explorer[ik'spl :r ] n.探险家
4 lie[lai] v.处于
5 serious ['si ri s] a.严重的
6 point[p int] n.地点
7 seem[si:m] v.似乎，好像
8 crash[kr ] v.坠毁
9 sack[s k] n.袋子
10 clear[kli ] v.越过
11 aircraft['e krɑ:ft] n.飞机
12 endless['endlis] a.无尽的
13 plain [plein] n.平原
★pole n．
1.（地球的）极，极地
the North Pole 北极
the South Pole 南极
Pole-star /the North Star北极星
2.杆，棒，柱
a flag pole 旗杆
a telephone pole 电话线杆
★flight n．
1.飞行，航班
The plane is in flight. 该飞机在飞行中.
This is his first flight over the North Pole.
All flights have been cancelled because of the fog. ['k ns( )l]
因为雾的原故，所有的航班被取消了。
flight recorder飞行记录器，黑匣子
2.（飞鸟的）群，（飞机的）一队
a flight of wild geese-群飞雁
goose [gu:s]鹅 geese [gi: s] (pl. )
★explorer n．探险家
1.勘探者，探险者
Columbus was one of the greatest explorers.
哥伦布是最伟大的探险家之一。
a polar explorer 极地探险家
2.explore v．探险，勘探
explore the North Pole 探索北极
explore the virgin forest考察原始森林
★lie 放，置于 -laid- laid- laying
The mountains lie below us now.
The town lies to the east of London.
Taiwan lies in the east of China． 台湾位于中国东部。
Beijing lies in the heart of China.北京位于中国的心脏地带。
Lay the book where it was． 把书放回原处
lay the table 放桌子
l)v.说谎 lie-lied-lied-lying
She lies about her age． 她就年龄说谎了。
2)n．谎话
tell a lie 说谎话
a black lie 恶意的谎言
a white lie 善意的谎言
3)v，平躺，位于lie-lay-lain
lie on one' s back 平躺着
lie on one‘ s stomach 趴着
lie in bed 躺在床上
★serious adj.
1)严肃的，正经的
a serious conversation 一次严肃的谈话
a serious person 一个严肃的人
I' m serious this time. 我这次是认真的。
2)重大的，危险的(grave)，（疾病，伤痛等）严重的
a serious problem 严重的问题
a serious mistake 一个严重的错误
a serious accident 重大的事故
a serious trouble, 重大的麻烦
Take it easy. Nothing serious．别紧张，没什么严重的。
seriously adv.认真地；危险地
Don‘t look at me so seriously.
He was seriously injured in the traffic accident.他在交通事故中受伤严重。
★point n．
1)尖端，尖头
a knife-point 刀尖
a pencil- point铅笔尖
2)点（几何中）
AB and CD intersect at point P．AB与CD交于P点。
3)小数点，句号
2. 6读作：two point six
beside the point 离题的
get to the point 言归正传
4)地点，位置
a particular point 某个地点
a point of departure 出发点
a turning point 转折点
at one point 在某个地方，在某一时刻或瞬间
strong points 优点
weak points 缺点
Achilles' heel 致命的弱点
★seem看起来（不用于进行时态）appear
1.seem to be看起来是
it seems to be the best answer.
seem like看起来像
It seems like a disaster at this moment.
在此刻，这看起来使一场灾难。 [d 'zɑ st ]
2.It seems that… 一看起来是
It seems that she is right．看起來她是对的。
He seems rich.
He seems to be rich.
It seems that he is rich.
3.It seems as if/as though看起来就像一样
It seemed as if he would win.
★crash
1)v．突然倒下，撞击…发出声响，哗啦一声地沖撞（毁损）
The dishes crashed to the floor.
The wall crashed down． 那面墙哗啦一声倒塌了。
2)V．猛撞，撞毁
The plane crashed in the mountains.
He crashed his car into the wall．
A China plane crashed in Korea recently.
3)n．相撞，（飞机的）坠毁、迫降，哗啦声，轰隆声
All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.
在飞机失事中所有的乘客都丧生了。
★sack n．
1)大口袋，大袋子
a sack of rice 一袋大米
a sack of food 一袋食物
2)（美）（超级市场等供给顾客的）购物袋
a paper sack纸袋
3)(口)解雇，革职
get the sack 被解雇
give a person the sack 解雇…
sack(v．)sb解雇…
★clear
1. V．经过或越过
例: The horse cleared the fence easily.
The plane cleared the mountains at last.
clear up 天空放晴
The sky cleared up just after the rain． 雨过天晴了。
2. adj．清楚的，明白的，明显的
Are you clear 你听明白了吗？
I can hear you loud and clear．
3. V．移走
clear the table 撤桌子，拣桌子
clear one's throat 清嗓子
clear snow from the streets 清理路面积雪
★aircraft n.飞机
plane/airplane/aeroplane
bomber 轰炸机
fighter 战斗机
aircraft 飞行器，飞机，飞艇，飞船
helicopter 直升飞机
shuttle 航天飞机
★endless adj. 无尽的
the endless road 无尽的路
the endless plain 一望无际的大平原
the endless wait 没完没了的等待
The lecture seemed endless．那场演讲好像没完没了
end
1.n．末端，尽头，极限
the end of a road 一条路的尽头
the end of a stick 条棍子的尽头
the end of a line 一条线的尽头
a cigarette end 香烟头
2. n．结束，终止，终结
at the end of the year 在年末
at the end of the century在世纪末端
in the end (at last / finally)最后，终于
He said he's love her till the end of time.
他说他将爱她到地老天荒。
ending n． 结尾，结局（尤指故事，电影，或戏剧）
★plain n．平原，旷野
the plains of central Canada
加拿大中部的大平原
a vast plain 大平原
a grassy plain 草原
Part 3: Notes on the text
★In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time.
for the first time 第一次
first, last and all the time．
始终如一，贯彻到底
I remind you for the last time that if you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the train.
fly over 飞越
★Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble.
连词though引导让步状语从句，其含义是“虽然，尽管”
Although/Though/Even though I felt sorry for him ,I was secretly背地里 pleased that he was having difficulties. 虽然我为他感到惋惜，但对他的困难我却暗自高兴。
take a photograph of…:拍……的照片
He took a photograph of his house before he left home.
run into trouble=get into trouble 遇到麻烦,陷入困境
Each time he ran into trouble, he asked his parents for help.
ask for trouble/ask for it 白找麻烦
shake off the trouble 摆脱麻烦
★At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash.
at one point:在某一地方，在某一时刻
（point 也指时间上的某一点）
At one point, he made up his mind to become a painter.他曾一度下决心要当个画家。
it为先行主语，真正的主语为that 引导的从句。it作先行主语时经常与seem，look等连用：
It now looks certain that the meeting is going to be put off.
现在似乎可以肯定会议将被推迟。
★It could onlyget over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet.
get over
fly over
clear飞越
rise to升至 rise-rose-risen
★Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks.
1.clear在这里表示“（不接触地）越过”：
He cleared 2. 10 metres. 他跳过了2.10米。
2.by表示“以……之差”：
I missed the train by ten minutes.
我晚了10分钟，没赶上火车。
He is younger than me by two years.
他比我小两岁。
3.throw out拋出，丢弃throw away拋弃
Throw those old magazines away．
throw up放弃（职业，学业等）：呕吐
★The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.
by prep.
1)住…旁边
by the fire住火旁边
by the lake住湖旁边
2)经过，沿着
He came through the field, not by the road.
他不是沿着马路，而是直接穿过田野来的。
3)在…之前
I have to go back by ten o' clock.
我必须在10点钟之前回去。
4)以…，用...
by train坐火车by phone通过电话by airmail用航空邮寄…
★Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight.
because，通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的。
He didn't attend the meeting because he had too much work to do。
for
1)表因果关系时，可与because互换，但只能放在主句后，不能放在句首。
He could not have seen me, for I was not there.
2)还可以表示补充的解释或判断，不可用because代替。（显而易见的理由）
It rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨天晚下雨了，因为地是湿的。
since表原因，是指人们一致的事实，“既然”
Since he can' t answer the question, you'd better ask someone else.既然他不能回答这问题，你就最好问别人吧。
in sight 视线之内 out of sight 视线之外
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
can / be able to
1．can只有现在是和过去时，can-could，此外could有时并不强调过去时而表请求，更加礼貌，客气。be able to可用于各种时态。
Can I use your telephone
Could I use your telephone
He‘ll come if he can．
He'll come if he is able to.
2．当我们要表明一个动作已经成功地完成的时候，我们必须用was/were able to， 不能用could.
He was able to go to London yesterday and he enjoyed himself very much.
他昨天去了伦敦，而且玩得非常高兴。
He was able to leave Europe before the war began.
他在战争开始之前就己经离开了欧洲。
3.情态助动词can/could用于表示请求别人允许或答复时的情况:
Can/Could I borrow your pen
can有时可以表示可能性：
I can have lunch with you tomorrow if you like.
4.表示天生的或学到的能力时，can/could可用于现在时和过去时，can/could与be able to通常可以互换.
I could drive a car by the time I was sixteen.
I tried again and found I could/was able to swim.
5.表示将来的“能力”时，则用will be able to：
Can Jane swim yet
No, but she’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time.
6.在谈到说话时正在发生的事时，一般不用be able to：
Look! I can stand on my head.
在表示成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could，而用be able to；如果表示某一动作没有取得成功，则可用couldn’t：
It’s pity he couldn’t visit Mary.
Oh, didn’t you know He was able to visit her after all.
He was able to leave Europe before the war began.
他在战争开始之前得以离开欧洲。
He was able to go to London yesterday and he enjoyed himself very much.
7.在问及过去某一具体活动时可用could，但回答是肯定的时候则不能：
Could he borrow a car
Yes, he was able to borrow a car after all.
/No, he couldn’t.
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 43单词&课文
2.Retell the text
3.练习总结课文