新概念英语第二册 Lesson 36 Across the Channel 讲义

lesson 36 Across the Channel
Part 1: Text
Across the Channel Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Erna's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years.
Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours.
She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food.
Most of Erna's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast.
Among them will be Erna's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
Part 2: New words and expressions
1 record ['rek :d, ri'k :d] n.记录
2 strong [str ] a.强壮的
3 swimmer['swim ] n.游泳运动员
4 succeed[s k'si:d] v.成功
5 train[trein] v.训练
6 anxiously[' k sli] ad.焦急地
7 intend [in'tend] v.打算
8 solid['s lid] a.固体的
★record ['rek :d, ri'k :d] n.记录
1) n. 记录，记载
a record of sth 对…的记录／记载
a record of accidents 交通事故记录
a new world record 新的世界记录
set up a new world record
build up a new world record
make a new world record
create a new world record
establish a new world record
创造一项新的世界记录
keep a record／hold a record
保持记录
break a record／beat a record 打破记录
smash a record 大破记录
2) n. 唱片
a pop record 通俗歌曲唱
a hit record 流行歌曲唱
put on a record of Mozart放莫扎特的唱片
3) n. 成绩，经历，前科
a school record学习成绩
a police record/a criminal record 前科
4) v. 记录，写下，录音（影）
例：工recorded his lecture.我把他的演讲记录了下来。
His speech was recorded on a tape. 他的演讲被录在了磁带上。
This singer has not been recording for years.
这位歌手已经好几年未灌录唱片
★ strong [str ] a.强壮的
1）健壮的，结实的，（人）有体力的，强壮的，有力的-weak
as strong as a horse 力人如牛a strong wing 强有力的翅膀
2）能力等优秀的，卓越的，学科等擅长的strong points 优点weak points 缺点a strong swimmer 游泳健将
3）味道，气味等浓的，强烈的
strong tea 浓茶
weak tea 淡茶
a strong smell 浓烈的气味
strong cheese 味道很浓的奶酪
4）议论等有力的，有权威
有力的论据a strong argument
strong evidence 有力的证据
5) 相关短语
strong room 保险
strong language 骂人的话
be going strong 精神十
strong drink 烈性的酒精饮料
soft drink 软饮料
weakling 懦夫，弱者
★ swimmer['swim ] n.游泳运动员
swim--swam--swum 原形-过去式-过去分词
swimmer 确切的意思是游泳者, 游泳的人
strong swimmer 游泳能手
swimming athlete 游泳运动员(这里的“-ing”意为“用来” )
athlete n. 运动员(运动会上常说的运动员)
swim
l) v. 游泳 go swimming in the pool 在池子里游泳
例：Dogs can swim very well. 狗非常善于游泳。
float 漂浮 dive 跳水 drown 溺水
breaststroke 蛙式游泳 crawl 翻由式游泳
butterfly 蝶式游泳 backstroke 仰式游泳
2) v. 滑动（像游泳般）
例：The white clouds swam across the sky. 白云飘过天空。
3) 相关短语
teach fish to swim
teach one' s grandmother to suck eggs
班门弄斧
swim with the tide/swim with the stream 顺着潮流
swim against the tide/swim against the stream 违反潮流
★succeed[s k'si:d] v.成功
succeed v. 成功，顺利完成；继…之后，接着…发生（反义词fail)
succeed in sth/succeed in doing sth 做某事成功，在某方面成功
例：We succeed in the negotiation. 我们谈判成功了.
Did he succeed in the examination
Did he succeed in passing the examination 他考试及格了吗？
fail to do 没能作成某事
fail in sth 在某方面失败
fail in doing sth 做某事不成功
例：Several earthquakes succeeded the eruption of the volcano.火山爆发后，发生过数次地震。
The stormy night ended, and a beautiful morning succeeded.暴风雨的夜晚之后是一个晴朗的早晨。
success n. 成功<-->failure失败
You are a success. 你是一个成功者。
You are a failure. 你是一个失败者。
successful adj. 成功的后缀ful是full的变形，careful，beautiful
There were' successful in launching a communication satellite.
他们成功的发射了一枚通信小星。
successfully adv. 成功地
I passed the exam successfully. 我成功的通过了考试试。
The prime minister explained his policy so successfully that he won a majority.
他成功地阐述了他的政策以至于他以多数获胜。
★train v. 训练
1) n. 火车
by train/take a train 乘火车
catch the early train 赶早班火车
underground/tube (Br)/subway (Am) 地铁
2) n. 长袍拖地的部分
3) v. develop one's skill训练，养成。培训：练习，培养训练
例: He trained the horse for the next race.他训练这匹打算下次参加比赛。
I was trained as a nurse. 我接受过护士的训练。
train sb. to do sth训练某人做某事
例: He trained his dog to stand on its hind legs.他训练那条狗用后腿站着。
She is training to be a lawyer. 她参加律师的培训。
training centre培训中心
trainer 教练
trainee 受训练的人
employer 雇主
employ 雇员
interviewer 记者，面试官
interviewee 被面试人，被采访人
trainers (Br)运动鞋/sneakers (Am)
★anxiously adv. 焦急地
例：Arc you all right "he asked anxiously.
anxious adj. 挂念的，忧虑的
an anxious look
例如 : I' m anxious about her health.
anxious adj. 渴望的，盼望的
be anxious for 渴望某事
e.g.: We are anxious for your safe return.我渴望你的平安归来
be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事
be anxious for sb. to do sth 渴望某人做某事
She was anxious for them all to leave the room.她渴望他们所有人离开这间屋子。
anxiety n. 渴望，忧虑
例: He caused his parents a lot of anxiety.她令他的父母非常担心。
His sick wife is a great anxiety to him.
★intend v. 打算
intend to do sth 打算做某事，(不用将来时，用一般现在时)
plan to do sth 计划做某事
hope to do sth 希望做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
例：She intends to go abroad. 她打算出国。
She intends to enter for the competition.她打算参加比赛。
They intend to marry. 他们打算结婚。
have intended to do-- / intended to do 本打算…（虚拟）
should have done--but didn’t do that somehow
例:l had intended to go for a walk, but it rained, so I cancelled it.
我本打算去散步但下雨了我取消了这个计划。
intention n. 目的，打算，意图
例: The road to hell is paved with goods intention.
通往地狱的路是由良好的意图铺成的。只有良好的动机而不付诸实践，徒遭埋怨或惩罚
tend [tend] v. 倾向，趋势
例：Secretaries tend to be girls. 秘书基本上都是女孩子。
Young men tend to study abroad. 年轻的人都喜欢出国学习。
★solid n. /adj.
1) n. 固体liquid液体， gas气体
例：How many states are there in the universe 宇宙间物质有多少形态存在？(state状态，州，陈述)
Three. They are gas, solid and liquid.
2) adj. 固体的 liquid液体的 gaseous气体的
solid fuel 固体燃料
Ice is water in solid state 冰是水的固体
3) adj. 实质的，非空心的<一>hollow
solid tires 充满了气的轮胎
a solid meal 丰盛的一顿饭
此时无比较级和最高级
4) adj. 结实的，牢固的
a solid building 很牢固的一座楼
a solid table 很牢固的一张桌子
a solid bridge 很牢固的一座桥
5) adj.公司事业等牢固的，可信赖的
a solid enterprise 可信任的公司
He is a man of solid character.他是—个可信赖的人。
lay a solid foundation in--打下牢固的基础
6) adj. 无掺杂物的，纯粹的 （无比较级和最高级）
solid white 纯白
Part 3: Notes on the text
★Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.
Be careful when you cross the street.
过马路的时候…定要小心。
A new shop opened across the street.
马路对面一家新的商店开张了。
through prep. 从内部穿过
through the park 穿过公园
through the forest 穿过森林
★She is going to set out from the French coast at five o’clock in the morning.
set out from从某地出发上路
set off 开始旅行，赛跑，出发
set out to do sth./set about doing sth./set about sth. 着手做某事
They succeeded in what set out to do.他们着手的事情成功了。
They set about training他们开始训练
★Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world.
hope to do 用一般现在时表愿望
set up/build/make/create a record 创造记录
★She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed.
a strong swimmer 游泳健将，能手
feel that/believe that 是一个宾语从句
be sure to do 肯定要做某事，一定做某事
be sure of 一定会获得，贏得某事物
Be sure to come early next time. 下次一定要早点来。
You are sure of a warm welcome. 你一定会得到热烈的欢迎的。
★Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years.Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England
下文中will be waiting for都有是将来进行时，表达对将来的行为，状况的一种判断推测。
watch观看，指正在发生的事情
Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously.明天他将焦急地注视着她。
watch TV 看电视
watch a football match 观看足球比
look at 看，指看的动作
look at the blackboard 看黑板
look at your book 你的书
look at this picture 看这幅画
★Debbie intends to take shorts rests every two hours.
intend to do sth 打算做某事
have a rest/take a rest/take a break/have a break 休息一下
every two hours／every other hour 每两个小时
every other day／every two days 每隔一天
every three or four days 每三四天
every now and then 不时，偶尔
She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food.
something to drink
something/nothing/ anything 的修饰语放在其后
something important 一些重要的事情
nothing important 没什么重要的事
anything else 别的什么事情
★Most of Debbie's school fiends will be waiting for her on the English coast.
most 大多数（通常不与the连用）
Most people want to own their own house大多数人希望有自己的房子。
most of all 格外
I like all kinds of music, but most of all I like classical music.我喜欢各种音乐，但是我尤其喜欢古典音乐。
★Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
这是一个倒装句
未倒装前句子如下：
Debbie' s mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl, will be among them.
between 二者之间
among 三者或三者以上
Part 4: Grammar&Difficult points
限定性定语从句
He is the man who you are looking for. 他是你要找的人。
The people who we met at the party were friendly to us.
我们在联欢会遇到的人对我们非常友好。
非限定性定语从句
He didn't tell me any news, which worried me.
他没有告诉我任何消息，这件事情令我担心。
（which代替前面整个句子)
Mary bought a little bird, which was very pretty.
玛丽买了一只鸟，这只鸟很漂亮。
Like father，like son 有其父，必有其子。
Like mother，like daughter. 有其母，必有其女。
一般将来时
will do sth/ shall do sth / be going to十v.原形( am, is, are)表示打算，准各做的事或即将发生的或肯定要发生的事。
e.g. We are going to put up a building,我们打算在这建一栋楼房。
How are you going to spend your holidays
你怎样度过假期呢？
She's going to have a baby.
她将要生孩子。
在陈述句和疑问句中，我们常常可用be going to来代替shall或will，但在条件句或类似这样的句子，不能用be going to.
You will enjoy yourself if you travel by sea.
要是你乘船旅行你可能会开心。
l) will do sth/shall do sth
例：I' II let you have the book when I'm through.
当我看完这本书我将给你。
Which book shall I read first 我应该先读哪一本呢？
2) be going to
例：He is going to sell his car.他打算卖掉他的车。
I am going to write to him.我打算给他写信。
3) 某些动作表示按计划或时刻表作的是，用一般现在时表示与一般将来时。
mean to do 打算做某事
I mean to go tomorrow． 我打算明天走。
plan to do 计划做某事
e.g. I plan to stay here.
4) 趋向性动词，表示要发生的时，用现在进行时表示将来时。
go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join
例：I am coming to see you． 我将要来看你。
The train is leaving． 火车马上离开了。
5) be to do表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方意见。
例：When is the factory to go into production
这家工厂什么时候开始生产呢？
When are they to hand in their plan
他们什么时候把计划交上来呢？
6) be about to...正要做
We' re about to leave.我们正要出发。
He is about to retire． 他将要退休
7) set out to do 着手做某事
例: I set out to knit a sweater but in the end it became a vest.
我着手织一件背心最后织成毛衣了。
例: He set about his homework right after supper.
他一吃完晚饭就开始做作业了。
Part 5: Homework
1.背诵lesson 36单词&课文
2.Retell the text
3.练习总结课文