课件28张PPT。英语第26讲 动词和动词短语河北省第26讲 动词和动词短语2010－2014年河北中考试题分析表2010－2014年河北中考试题分析表2010－2014年河北中考试题分析表2010－2014年河北中考试题分析表 从上表可以看出，近五年河北中考试题对动词的考查主要集中在三个方面：①情态动词；②动词词组辨析；③动词词义辨析。偶尔也会涉及感官动词的考查。预计2015年仍会从这三个方面入手，分值6～7分，占比重较大，需同学们重点复习。高频考向一 实义动词词义辨析
实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
①动词＋宾语如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
②动词＋宾语＋宾补
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
2．不及物动词
①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。
如：He always studies hard。他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)
②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。④for，since
for可以指过去、现在或将来，着重说明“多久”，后面接时间段。since意为“自从……起”，多与完成时连用，后面接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作，since引导从句时，主句的动作是持续性的。如：
He has lived here for 2 weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。
He has lived here since 2 weeks ago.他两周前就住这儿了。
It's five years since he left school.他毕业五年了。【例1】My friend，Susan，was born ________ September 12th，1999.(2014，孝感)
A．in B．at
C．on D．for
解析：在具体的某一天应用介词on。
答案：__C__?由man，woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman都变成复数。
如：man driver→men drivers，woman teacher→women teachers
但其他合成名词，只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。
如：a banana tree→banana trees；a shoe factory→shoe factories
注意：①可数名词的单复数要与句子结构保持一致。
②可数名词一般不单独使用，表类别时可用复数形式，或用不定冠词或定冠词加单数名词。如：oranges，the/an orange。
③修饰可数名词复数的词有these，those，many，(a) few，a/the number of，some/any，a lot of等。常用they，them来替代。3．不可数名词
不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词，它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a＋量词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”短语，变复数时把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：a bowl of water一碗水；two cups of tea两杯茶
初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，tea，milk，food，fruit，meat，fish(鱼肉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef，mutton，orange(橙汁)，sugar，salt，paper(纸)，porridge，bread，sand，juice，news，music，time(时间)，information，fun，advice等。3．不可数名词
不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词，它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a＋量词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”短语，变复数时把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：a bowl of water一碗水；two cups of tea两杯茶
初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，tea，milk，food，fruit，meat，fish(鱼肉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef，mutton，orange(橙汁)，sugar，salt，paper(纸)，porridge，bread，sand，juice，news，music，time(时间)，information，fun，advice等。注意：①有些名词既可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词，如：time(时间/次数，倍数)，fish(鱼肉/鱼)，room(空间/房间)，noise(噪音/响声)，paper(纸/试卷，文件)，chicken(鸡肉/鸡)，experience(经验/经历)
②表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much，(a)little，a lot of，some，any等修饰。常用it来替代。【例3】 —Where are you going，Sam?
—There isn't any ________ in the fridge.I'll go and buy some.(2014，凉山)
A．vegetables B．beef C．eggs D．money
解析：由is可知此处应用可数名词单数或不可数名词，故排除A、C选项。再根据句意来判断。
答案：__B__【例4】 I saw some ________ and ________ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.(2013，绥化)
A．Germen；Englishmen B．Germans；Englishmans
C．Germans；Englishmen D．Germen；Englishmans
解析：German的复数形式为Germans；Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen。
答案：__C__高频考向三 名词所有格
①有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用在词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。
如：It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
②以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加“'”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如：
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-meter race？谁赢了女子100米赛跑？
③不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如：Where's the People's Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是警察宿舍。④表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所拥有时，则每个名词后均加“'s”。试比较：
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父
亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。
⑤有些名词如：诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“'s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：the doctor's(医生诊所)，Mr.White's(怀特先生家)，the book-seller's(书店)。⑥of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如：
a map of China一幅中国地图
⑦既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle's，a photo of Jim's family等。【例5】 ________ desk is long and wide.They like it very much.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．Sonia's and Jane's B．Sonia and Jane's
C．Sonia and Jane D．Sonia's and Jane
解析：A项表示两个人各自的桌子，后应接复数名词；B项表示两个人共有的桌子，后接单数名词；C项不可以直接作定语。
答案：__B__一、单项选择。
1．—How many __B__ are there?
—About fifty.(2014，广安)
A．tomatos B．tomatoes C．tomato D．traveling
2．Recently people care more about the safety of __A__．Everyone wants to eat healthily.(2014，衡阳)
A．foods B．clothes C．buildings D．traveling3．Miss Black is a friend of __A__，she always looks after my sister.(2014，龙东)
A．Mary's mother's B．Mary's mother'
C．Mary mother's D．Mary mother
4．There are fifty __B__ in our school.They are all friendly to us.(2014，安顺)
A．woman teachers B．women teachers
C．woman teacher D．women teacher5．—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right.It's one of the __D__ of my family.(2014，泰安)
A．plans B．jobs C．programs D．rules
6．I'm tired.This is not the right __A__ to ask me to go for a walk.(2014，杭州)
A．moment B．chance C．place D．season7．Could you please get me some __C__？I'm hungry.(2014，黔西南)
A．apple B．water C．bread D．egg
8．—Excuse me，where did you get the book?
—I borrowed it from the __B__．(2013，重庆)
A．cinema B．library C．park D．station9．—The sweater is not the right __C__ for me.
—Well，shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one？(2013，绍兴)
A．price B．color C．size D．material
10．You'd better read the __C__ first before you use the camera.(2013，嘉兴、舟山)
A．websites B．expressions
C．instructions D．advertisements二、词汇运用。
A)根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
11．Uncle Wang bought two watches (手表) yesterday.
12．There are a lot of sheep (绵羊) on the grass.
13．The cat caught two mice (老鼠) last night.
14．Gina would like some juice (果汁) to drink.
15．Jack went to have two teeth (牙齿) pulled out yesterday afternoon.B)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
16．Nick，can you give me some information about that event?
17．Friday is Linda's favorite day，because she has P．E.on that day.
18．There is not enough room in the corner to put the table.
19．It's a secret．You shouldn't tell it to others.
20．Ben likes the shape of the cake.It's a heart.考点跟踪突破26 动词和动词短语
1．—Lisa，hurry up！The bus is coming.(2014，福州)
—Oh，no.We __A__ cross the street until the traffic lights turn green.
A．mustn't B．needn't C．should D．can
2．—Who was the first to __A__ school yesterday?
—Tom was.(2014，绥化)
A．reach B．get C．arrive D．go
3．The book of poems written by Indian poet，Tiger，is so amazing that I can't __A__．(2014，遵义)
A．put it down B．put it off
C．put it out D．put it up
4．Lily __A__ 30 yuan for the album.It was not expensive.(2014，六盘水)
A．paid B．cost C．took D．spend
5．Good manners can make people __A__ each other.(2014，兰州)
A．get on well with B．get off
C．get over D．get away
6．Coffee is ready.How nice it __A__！(2014，泸州)
A．smells B．sounds
C．feels D．becomes
7．It only __D__ me half an hour ________ to school every day last term.(2014，临沂)
A．takes；riding B．spent；to ride
C．cost；walk D．took；to walk
8．—Must I hand in my homework now，Mr.Smith?
—No，you __D__．(2014，北京)
A．can't B．shouldn't C．wouldn't D．needn't
9．The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it __A__ her thoughts and feelings.(2014，平凉)
A．express B．discuss
C．expect D．imagine
10．As time __A__，you'll come to think of English as your friend and love it.(2014，安徽)
A．goes by B．runs out
C．takes off D．turns up
11．—The shoes are very nice.I'll take them.
—You'd better __D__ first.I'm afraid the size is a bit small for you.(2014，呼和浩特)
A．pay for them B．take them off
C．put them on D．try them on
12．—Are you interested in shopping online?
—Not so much.We __B__ see real products but pictures.(2014，台州)
A．shouldn't B．can't C．mustn't D．needn't
13．Look at the “No Parking” sign.You __D__ park your car here.(2014，天津)
A．should B．must
C．needn't D．mustn't
14．—Let's go climbing，shall we?
—You __C__ be joking！Don't you know I'm afraid of high places.(2014，绍兴)
A．may B．can C．must D．should
15．Li Yan is a helpful girl.She always __C__ my little sister while I'm away.(2014，杭州)
A．looks for B．takes after
C．looks after D．runs after
16．Choosing the right circle of the friends will __A__ us a lot of troubles，heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret.(2014，河南)
A．save B．share C．keep D．bring
17．—Do you like swimming in winter？(2014，荆州)
—Of course.The water __A__ a bit cold at first，but then I am warm and full of energy.
A．feels B．tastes C．smells D．looks
18．As the road to the airport is under repair，we will have to __D__ early to get there in time.(2014，宁波)
A．turn off B．take off C．put off D．set off
19．The boats take different routes，but they all __C__ in the same place.(2014，杭州)
A．give up B．clear up
C．end up D．make up
20．—Could you please have a walk with me?
—Sorry，I __C__．I have something important to do now.(2014，泰安)
A．mustn't B．needn't
C．can't D．may not
21．I __A__ follow you.Would you please repeat it？(2014，河北)
A．can't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．shouldn't
22．—__A__ I know by what time you want the project to be done?
—By the day after tomorrow，________ you finish it on time？(2014，连云港)
A．May；can B．Must；need
C．Could；must D．Need；would
23．We __D__ use mobile phones when the plane takes off.(2014，云南)
A．may not B．shouldn't
C．needn't D．mustn't
24．This bus doesn't go to the train station.I'm afraid you'll have to __C__ at the library and take the A52.(2014，河南)
A．take off B．put off C．get off D．turn off
25．Hi，guy！You __B__ not park your car here.It's for our customers only.(2014，黔南)
A．need B．can C．will D．may
26．The radio is too loud.Please __A__．(2014，绵阳)
A．turn it down B．turn it up
C．turn it on D．turn in over
27．—Excuse me，can I __A__ your pen?
—Sorry，I have ________ it to Bob.(2014，绵阳)
A．borrow；lent B．borrow；borrowed
C．lend；borrowed D．lend；lent
28．—What are you packing so many books for，Grandma?
—I'll __B__ to the kids in West China.(2013，威海)
A．give them up B．give them away
C．give them off D．give them in
29．—Let's plan a surprise party for our class.What's your idea?
—Why not __D__ a short play？(2014，阜康)
A．get on B．keep on C．have on D．put on
30．—Who's singing in the garden?
—It __A__ be Mr.Brown.He always practices singing at this time.(2014，长沙)
A．must B．can't C．need D．may
31．We are planning to go for a picnic this weekend，but it __C__ the weather.(2012，遂宁)
A．keeps on B．puts on C．depends on D．look on
32．During the World Cup，a large number of soccer fans fly to Brazil.It has __C__ a great place for fans to have fun.(2014，山西)
A．made B．kept C．become D．taken
33．Many successful people have the same quality—they never __A__ no matter what difficulties they've had.(2014，山西)
A．give up B．stay up C．cheer up D．look up
34．—Smart phones are more and more popular now.
—So they are.But they still __B__ too much.(2014，十堰)
A．pay B．cost C．take D．spend
35．—The song Where Did the Time Go __B__ the old days and the love of family.
—Sure.It's my favorite song.(2014，十堰)
A．helps us out B．reminds us of
C．lets us down D．regards us as
36．—__D__ you come with me to Lang Lang's piano concert this evening？(2014，广东)
—I'd love to，but I have to study for my math test.
A．Should B．May C．Must D．Can
37．—I will miss my family when I go abroad for further study this autumn.(2014，广东)
—Don't worry.You can __D__ them by e-mail.
A．come up with B．get along with
C．make friends with D．keep in touch with
38．Some people __C__ feel sick when they read a book in a car or on a boat.(2014，梅州)
A．must B．should C．may D．need
39．—It is raining.Shall we __D__ the running race?
—No problem.(2014，玉林)
A．put down B．put up C．put on D．put off
40．Here is my phone number.You __B__ call me anytime you like.(2014，衢州)
A．must B．can C．should D．need
41．It's a bad habit to __D__ what you can do today until tomorrow.(2014，衢州)
A．write down B．talk about
C．worry about D．put off
42．—Must I come at 6：30 tomorrow morning?
—No，you needn't.You __A__ come one hour later.(2014，绵阳)
A．can B．need C．should D．must
43．—Who reached the station on time？(2014，兰州)
—I __C__！In fact，I arrived there 5 minutes earlier.
A．was B．reached C．did D．do
44．—I'm afraid a car is too expensive for me.
—But more and more Chinese can __B__ to buy one.
A．expect B．afford C．choose D．offer
45．The lady __C__ dancing as a hobby in her sixties，and she is really good at it now.
A．dressed up B．looked up
C．took up D．put up
46．My uncle called and asked me if I had __C__ the birthday gift from him.
A．invented B．raised
C．received D．ordered
47．Please check your paper to __D__ there are no mistakes.
A．think of B．try on
C．find out D．make sure
48．I have to well prepare for the math test tomorrow because it __D__ 30% of the final exam.
A．sets up B．puts up
C．uses up D．makes up
49．The famous writer introduced us his new book that will __B__ next month.
A．give out B．come out
C．put out D．work out
50．—Would you please __B__ the paper for me and see if there are any mistakes?
—Of course I will.
A．look into B．look through
C．look around D．look away
