课件26张PPT。英语第37讲 词语运用河北省第37讲 词语运用2010－2014年河北中考试题分析表 通过分析近五年河北中考真题可以看出，尽管词汇运用试题形式多样，但对基础知识灵活运用的考查是重点。考查形式为：2012～2014年为方框选词；2010～2011年为根据首字母提示、英语单词提示或汉语提示写单词。考点主要集中在动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词及动词短语上。名词的考查点主要在复数变化及词性转化上。动词及动词短语的考查点主要为时态、语态和非谓语动词的变化形式。动词的一般过去时是每年的必考点，应特别注意动词的过去式和不规则变化；对形容词、副词、数词、代词的考查重点在词性转换上。
预计2015年河北中考此题的设题型形式仍会以方框选词的形式来考查。类型Ⅰ：根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空(每词或短语限用一次)。
1．认真查看所给的单词，弄清楚每个单词的意思及词性。如动词一般作谓语，形容词常作表语或定语，副词作状语等。
2．认真阅读所给的句子，弄清楚句子的结构及句子大意，特别是空格前后单词的词性，这很关键。因为空格前后的单词往往是选择所要填入空格的单词的最重要的依据。
3．根据句意，从所给单词中筛选最恰当的单词填入空格中。注意有时候词性要作相应的变化。
4．认真研读完成后的句子，看句子结构是否合理，句意是否完整并符合逻辑，以便确定答案。【例1】 根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空(每词或短语只限用一次)。
1．The thing before you have a meal is to wash your hands.
2．It's ．The sun is shining and we're happy to go camping.
3．I my best friend at the end of Nanjing Road.
4．On windy days in spring，my son often in the field.
5．The pair of shoes fits my well.5．找主题句
如果题干要求找出某自然段的主题句，学生必须仔细阅读自然段，掌握其大意，找出能概括该自然段的主题句。如果题干要求找出文章的主题句，则需要浏览全文，了解文章大意。通常主题句位于自然段或文章的开头和结尾处。
6．英译汉
解答此类题型时要注意几点：①联系上下文，不要断章取义。②翻译时要与汉语语言习惯相联系，不要逐词翻译。③注意文化差异。④注意习语、谚语。(三)推理判断题
推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。(四)猜测词义题
猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。【例1】(2013，河北)
“Homestay is a form of study abroad program.It allows the visitor to rent a room from a local (当地的) family to better understand the local lifestyle.It also helps to improve the visitor's language ability，”said a teacher during a school meeting last term.“Students who wish to learn more about foreign cultures or to get foreign experience should join this kind of holiday.I am sure you won't be disappointed (失望的)．”After this special meeting，I always thought about this kind of holiday.Last month，I had a chance at last to go on such a holiday with some of my schoolmates and we went to London，a place where I had wanted to go since years ago.
As we were still young，we had a group leader who planned things for us and looked after us.After we got to London，we went to stay with different families.I was lucky that my host family (寄宿家庭) was a white couple who had a daughter about my age.They treated me as a daughter of their family during my stay there.They were interested in me and I learnt a lot of things from them，too.The holiday was filled with activities every day.After breakfast，a local teacher would come to take us in his car.Then we would have classes or go on a sight-seeing trip to different places of interest like the Big Ben，the London Bridge，and the Buckingham Palace.We would go back to our own homes after the activities.
The holiday was a valuable experience for me.I enjoyed every minute of it.Yet，time really flew fast.Three weeks later，we had to leave “home” for Hong Kong.
【文章大意】本文介绍了homestay这一出国学习项目的相关情况及作者的经历。1．In the “homestay” program，a visitor can ________．
A．learn more about holidays
B．understand his culture better
C．improve the language ability
D．take part in foreign meetings
解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“Homestay is a form of study abroad program.”和“It also helps to improve the visitor's language ability.”可知，在homestay这个项目中，游客可以提高语言能力。
答案：__C__【例3】 —Where are you going，Sam?
—There isn't any ________ in the fridge.I'll go and buy some.(2014，凉山)
A．vegetables B．beef C．eggs D．money
解析：由is可知此处应用可数名词单数或不可数名词，故排除A、C选项。再根据句意来判断。
答案：__B__【例4】 I saw some ________ and ________ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.(2013，绥化)
A．Germen；Englishmen B．Germans；Englishmans
C．Germans；Englishmen D．Germen；Englishmans
解析：German的复数形式为Germans；Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen。
答案：__C__高频考向三 名词所有格
①有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用在词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。
如：It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
②以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加“'”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如：
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-meter race？谁赢了女子100米赛跑？
③不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如：Where's the People's Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是警察宿舍。④表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所拥有时，则每个名词后均加“'s”。试比较：
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父
亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。
⑤有些名词如：诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“'s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：the doctor's(医生诊所)，Mr.White's(怀特先生家)，the book-seller's(书店)。⑥of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如：
a map of China一幅中国地图
⑦既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle's，a photo of Jim's family等。【例5】 ________ desk is long and wide.They like it very much.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．Sonia's and Jane's B．Sonia and Jane's
C．Sonia and Jane D．Sonia's and Jane
解析：A项表示两个人各自的桌子，后应接复数名词；B项表示两个人共有的桌子，后接单数名词；C项不可以直接作定语。
答案：__B__一、单项选择。
1．—How many __B__ are there?
—About fifty.(2014，广安)
A．tomatos B．tomatoes C．tomato D．traveling
2．Recently people care more about the safety of __A__．Everyone wants to eat healthily.(2014，衡阳)
A．foods B．clothes C．buildings D．traveling3．Miss Black is a friend of __A__，she always looks after my sister.(2014，龙东)
A．Mary's mother's B．Mary's mother'
C．Mary mother's D．Mary mother
4．There are fifty __B__ in our school.They are all friendly to us.(2014，安顺)
A．woman teachers B．women teachers
C．woman teacher D．women teacher5．—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right.It's one of the __D__ of my family.(2014，泰安)
A．plans B．jobs C．programs D．rules
6．I'm tired.This is not the right __A__ to ask me to go for a walk.(2014，杭州)
A．moment B．chance C．place D．season7．Could you please get me some __C__？I'm hungry.(2014，黔西南)
A．apple B．water C．bread D．egg
8．—Excuse me，where did you get the book?
—I borrowed it from the __B__．(2013，重庆)
A．cinema B．library C．park D．station9．—The sweater is not the right __C__ for me.
—Well，shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one？(2013，绍兴)
A．price B．color C．size D．material
10．You'd better read the __C__ first before you use the camera.(2013，嘉兴、舟山)
A．websites B．expressions
C．instructions D．advertisements二、词汇运用。
A)根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
11．Uncle Wang bought two watches (手表) yesterday.
12．There are a lot of sheep (绵羊) on the grass.
13．The cat caught two mice (老鼠) last night.
14．Gina would like some juice (果汁) to drink.
15．Jack went to have two teeth (牙齿) pulled out yesterday afternoon.B)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
16．Nick，can you give me some information about that event?
17．Friday is Linda's favorite day，because she has P．E.on that day.
18．There is not enough room in the corner to put the table.
19．It's a secret．You shouldn't tell it to others.
20．Ben likes the shape of the cake.It's a heart.考点跟踪突破37 词语运用
根据句意，用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空(每词或短语只限用一次)。
(一)
1．Mr.Lee is really a lively teacher.We all like his class.
2．I've bought a present for my father's fortieth birthday.
3．In China，students have two terms every year.
4．Whenever I see the birds，I'll dream_of flying in the sky.
5．My brother was taking out the trash while I was feeding my dog.
(二)
6．Maggie wanted an evening job that would allow her to look_after her son during the day.
7．I don't remember when and where I bought this umbrella.
8．The company produces thousands of computers every month.
9．Tim was seen getting out of the subway at the station on Centre Street.
10．What should we do to help the homeless people after the earthquake?
(三)
11．I often hear them playing the piano in the room.
12．Teachers' Day is in the ninth month of the year.
13．Tom fell asleep in class yesterday because he was very tired.
14．I think Sally will be the winner of the English competition in our school.
15．Don't forget to take your bag when you get_off the bus.
(四)
16．The story Snow White is exciting and children enjoy listening to it again and again.
17．I woke_up Daming and asked him to get up early.
18．We visit the home for the elderly once a month.
19．In Australia，you can see lots of sheep in the fields and on the hills.
20．The teacher speaks slowly to the older students so they can always hear clearly.
(五)
21．I have been to four big cities in China，including Shenzhen.
22．Tanghulu is a kind of traditional food in northern China.
23．You will know the final result after the twentieth game is over.
24．Coca-Cola is cheaper than any_other drink in this restaurant.
25．A doctor's carelessness may cause a patient's death．
(六)
26．Would you mind sharing the same room with others?
27．He offered me some money，but I refused.
28．The Fragrant Hills is famous for the autumn red leaves．
29．They bought so many things that they used_up all their money in a day.
30．We were all surprised at the news that our team lost the match.
(七)
success，flower，take a walk，September，give
31．The prices of many flowers usually go up during festivals.
32．The new semester usually begins in September，the ninth month of a year.
33．Tom is looking for the watch his uncle gave him last month.
34．They were so tired.They decided to stop taking_a_walk outside.
35．The company hopes its new product will be successful on the European market.
(八)
36．The knife on the table is used for cutting wood.
37．She's much better_at English than her brother.
38．In the twentieth century，our hometown changed a lot.
39．I have_made/_made a mistake.Please don't be angry with me.
40．Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world.
(九)
41．The experiment suggests that this plant is good for people's skin.
42．Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.
43．My birthday party will be held on the third Friday of next month.
44．The villagers are grateful to the government for building new schools.
45．My little sister is playing_with her toys in the living room.
(十)
46．The ninth day in June is Tom's birthday.
47．Nancy wants to become an actress when she grows up.
48．It's a rainy day，please take an umbrella with you.
49．Danny always visits his grandparents every Sunday.
50．Whether we go hiking or not depends_on the weather.
