课件26张PPT。英语第38讲 基础写作
连词成句河北省第38讲 基础写作
连词成句2010－2014年河北中考试题分析表 由上表可以看出，近五年河北中考题连词成句句型结构多样，但均为基础句型，涉及陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。句子结构也偏向基础性的主谓宾，主系表及简单的宾语从句。第1题始终是一般疑问句，词数不超过5个。每年5个句型都不一样，会轮流涉及感叹句和祈使句等其它特殊句型，近3年对从句的考查频率有所下降。
预计2015年河北中考对此题的考查与2014年句型变化不大，估计会在感叹句和祈使句中选择考查祈使句。所有句子词数在4～8词之间。1．看清标点，确定句式。
英语的结尾符号只有三种：句号(.)，问号(？)，感叹号(！)。根据所给符号可以确定句子是陈述句，疑问句还是感叹句，从而得知所给单词的先后顺序。
①若是句号，且有主语，确定此句是陈述句。那么第一个单词应是主语。即句子的顺序就可以为：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋(地点状语＋时间状语)。
②若是句号，且无主语，确定此句为祈使句。
③若是问号，就可以确定所写出的句子应是疑问句。如果所给的句子中有where，how，who，what，when等特殊疑问词，那就是特殊疑问句，这些特殊疑问词就是开头词；如果没有疑问词，就是一般疑问句，开头词应是be动词，助动词或情态动词。④若是感叹号，则确定为感叹句。所给词中肯定会有what或how，且必须放在句首，可使用以下句型：
What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！
How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！⑤宾语从句和状语从句可能会考到其中一项，但不会太难，还要注意do you think作插入语的句子结构。
2．数清动词，看清连词，确定句子的类型。
①若句子只有一个作谓语的部分，则为简单句。
②句子中若有and，but，or，so等连词时，则通常为并列句。
③句子中若有两个主语，两谓语，并且有what，how，what，which，if，when等词时，则为复合句，切记宾语从句用陈述语序。
④考查固定短语或句型。3．写完句子后注意以下几点：
①是否丢词。
②单词是否抄对。
③结构是否正确。【例1】 1.delicious，the，tastes，cake
________________________________________________________________________.
解析：根据给出的标点，可知应用陈述句的形式。The＋cake作句子的主语。
答案：The_cake_tastes_delicious.
2．pen，the，her，pass，red
________________________________________________________________________.
解析：根据给出的标点，可知应用陈述句的形式。题中没有可作主语的词，若pens作主语，则应用被动语态，但句子为主动语态，故只能用祈使句。
答案：Pass_her_the_red_pen.3．do，a，have，you，backbag，big
______________________________________________________?
解析：根据标点，可知为疑问句。所给词中没有特殊疑问词，故为一般疑问句，助动词do应放在句首。you为代词作句子的主语。
答案：Do_you_have_a_big_backbag?
4．people，are，what，they，kind
___________________________________________!
解析：根据标点，可知为感叹句。由给出的词what可知应为“what＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语”句式。
答案：What_kind_people_they_are!After this special meeting，I always thought about this kind of holiday.Last month，I had a chance at last to go on such a holiday with some of my schoolmates and we went to London，a place where I had wanted to go since years ago.
As we were still young，we had a group leader who planned things for us and looked after us.After we got to London，we went to stay with different families.I was lucky that my host family (寄宿家庭) was a white couple who had a daughter about my age.They treated me as a daughter of their family during my stay there.They were interested in me and I learnt a lot of things from them，too.The holiday was filled with activities every day.After breakfast，a local teacher would come to take us in his car.Then we would have classes or go on a sight-seeing trip to different places of interest like the Big Ben，the London Bridge，and the Buckingham Palace.We would go back to our own homes after the activities.
The holiday was a valuable experience for me.I enjoyed every minute of it.Yet，time really flew fast.Three weeks later，we had to leave “home” for Hong Kong.
【文章大意】本文介绍了homestay这一出国学习项目的相关情况及作者的经历。1．In the “homestay” program，a visitor can ________．
A．learn more about holidays
B．understand his culture better
C．improve the language ability
D．take part in foreign meetings
解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“Homestay is a form of study abroad program.”和“It also helps to improve the visitor's language ability.”可知，在homestay这个项目中，游客可以提高语言能力。
答案：__C__【例3】 —Where are you going，Sam?
—There isn't any ________ in the fridge.I'll go and buy some.(2014，凉山)
A．vegetables B．beef C．eggs D．money
解析：由is可知此处应用可数名词单数或不可数名词，故排除A、C选项。再根据句意来判断。
答案：__B__【例4】 I saw some ________ and ________ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.(2013，绥化)
A．Germen；Englishmen B．Germans；Englishmans
C．Germans；Englishmen D．Germen；Englishmans
解析：German的复数形式为Germans；Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen。
答案：__C__高频考向三 名词所有格
①有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用在词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。
如：It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
②以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加“'”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如：
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-meter race？谁赢了女子100米赛跑？
③不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如：Where's the People's Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是警察宿舍。④表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所拥有时，则每个名词后均加“'s”。试比较：
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父
亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。
⑤有些名词如：诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“'s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：the doctor's(医生诊所)，Mr.White's(怀特先生家)，the book-seller's(书店)。⑥of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如：
a map of China一幅中国地图
⑦既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle's，a photo of Jim's family等。【例5】 ________ desk is long and wide.They like it very much.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．Sonia's and Jane's B．Sonia and Jane's
C．Sonia and Jane D．Sonia's and Jane
解析：A项表示两个人各自的桌子，后应接复数名词；B项表示两个人共有的桌子，后接单数名词；C项不可以直接作定语。
答案：__B__一、单项选择。
1．—How many __B__ are there?
—About fifty.(2014，广安)
A．tomatos B．tomatoes C．tomato D．traveling
2．Recently people care more about the safety of __A__．Everyone wants to eat healthily.(2014，衡阳)
A．foods B．clothes C．buildings D．traveling3．Miss Black is a friend of __A__，she always looks after my sister.(2014，龙东)
A．Mary's mother's B．Mary's mother'
C．Mary mother's D．Mary mother
4．There are fifty __B__ in our school.They are all friendly to us.(2014，安顺)
A．woman teachers B．women teachers
C．woman teacher D．women teacher5．—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right.It's one of the __D__ of my family.(2014，泰安)
A．plans B．jobs C．programs D．rules
6．I'm tired.This is not the right __A__ to ask me to go for a walk.(2014，杭州)
A．moment B．chance C．place D．season7．Could you please get me some __C__？I'm hungry.(2014，黔西南)
A．apple B．water C．bread D．egg
8．—Excuse me，where did you get the book?
—I borrowed it from the __B__．(2013，重庆)
A．cinema B．library C．park D．station9．—The sweater is not the right __C__ for me.
—Well，shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one？(2013，绍兴)
A．price B．color C．size D．material
10．You'd better read the __C__ first before you use the camera.(2013，嘉兴、舟山)
A．websites B．expressions
C．instructions D．advertisements二、词汇运用。
A)根据句意及汉语提示完成单词。
11．Uncle Wang bought two watches (手表) yesterday.
12．There are a lot of sheep (绵羊) on the grass.
13．The cat caught two mice (老鼠) last night.
14．Gina would like some juice (果汁) to drink.
15．Jack went to have two teeth (牙齿) pulled out yesterday afternoon.B)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
16．Nick，can you give me some information about that event?
17．Friday is Linda's favorite day，because she has P．E.on that day.
18．There is not enough room in the corner to put the table.
19．It's a secret．You shouldn't tell it to others.
20．Ben likes the shape of the cake.It's a heart.考点跟踪突破38 基础写作
连词成句
(一)
1．like，sweater，you，a，would，to，buy
Would_you_like_to_buy_a_sweater?
2．for，like，you，what，breakfast，would
What_would_you_like_for_breakfast?
3．laugh，poor，at，don't，the
Don't_laugh_at_the_poor．
4．is，a，singing，the，tree，there，bird，in
There_is_a_bird_singing_in_the_tree．
5．find，to，it，learn，I，important，English
I_find_it_important_to_learn_English．
(二)
1．this，yours，dictionary，is
Is_this_dictionary_yours?
2．show，cinema，the，way，me，to，the
Show_me_the_way_to_the_cinema．
3．how，may，I，the，book，long，keep
How_long_may_I_keep_the_book?
4．he，his，spent，on，time，hardly，subjects
He_hardly_spent_his_time_on_subjects．
5．we，our，teachers，great，respect，show，for
We_show_great_respect_for_our_teachers．
(三)
1．love，do，animals，you
Do_you_love_animals?
2．what，me，useful，she，information，gave
What_useful_information_she_gave_me!
3．test，how，study，does，for，he，the
How_does_he_study_for_the_test?
4．has，a，after，short，John，supper，walk
John_has_a_short_walk_after_supper．
5．be，information，online，can，much，received
Much_information_can_be_received_online．
(四)
1．you，talking，mind，not，would，loudly
Would_you_mind_not_talking_loudly?
2．well，volleyball，he，plays，how
How_well_he_plays_volleyball!
3．to，where，father，work，your，did，use
Where_did_your_father_use_to_work?
4．weather，for，is，the，fishing，good
The_weather_is_good_for_fishing．
5．my，prepare，was，to，meeting，task，for，the
My_task_was_to_prepare_for_the_meeting．
(五)
1．Mary，interested，science，is，in
Is_Mary_interested_in_science?
2．enjoys，the，my，playing，sister，guitar
My_sister_enjoys_playing_the_guitar．
3．us，not，dinner，why，go，with，for
Why_not_go_with_us_for_dinner?
4．leave，lock，remember，when，door，to，the，you
Remember_to_lock_the_door_when_you_leave．
5．weekend，we，have，last，a，picnic
We_had_a_picnic_last_weekend．
(六)
1．this，you，in，sing，can，English，song
Can_you_sing_this_song_in_English?
2．look，does，your，what，friend，like
What_does_your_friend_look_like?
3．Jenny，a，photo，sent，friend，her
Jenny_sent_her_friend_a_photo．
4．me，father，my，little，than，is，a，taller
My_father_is_a_little_taller_than_me．
5．at，right，second，turn，the，crossing
Turn_right_at_the_second_crossing．
(七)
1．there，glass，is，in，any，the，milk
Is_there_any_milk_in_the_glass?
2．tomorrow，will，home，we，fly
Tomorrow_we_will_fly_home/We_will_fly_home_tomorrow．
3．is，green，who，girl，in，the
Who_is_the_girl_in_green?
4．be，try，again，not，late，to
Try_not_to_be_late_again．
5．sing，no，her，better，one，than，can
No_one_can_sing_better_than_her．
(八)
1．they，or，not，are，married
Are_they_married_or_not?
2．my，take，I，after，mother
I_take_after_my_mother．
3．star，movie，favorite，who，is，your
Who_is_your_favorite_movie_star?
4．useful，you've，what，found，information
What_useful_information_you've_found!
5．kitchen，my，cooking，is，mother，the，in
My_mother_is_cooking_in_the_kitchen．
(九)
1．please，water，could，the，flowers，you
Could_you_please_water_the_flowers/Could_you_water_the_flowers，please?
2．highest，what，the，world，building，is，the，in
What_is_the_highest_building_in_the_world?
3．days，me，happy，sunny，make
Sunny_days_make_me_happy．
4．to，bring，don't，guitar，your，forget
Don't_forget_to_bring_your_guitar．
5．politely，to，old，should，people，speak，the
People_should_speak_politely_to_the_old/People_should_speak_to_the_old_politely．
书面表达
(一)(2014，临沂)
请以“My Favorite Teacher”为题，根据以下提示，用英语写一篇不少于60词的短文。标点符号不占格。
提示(短文须包含下列要点)：
1．What subject does your favorite teacher teach?
2．What does he/she look like？And how about his/her personal traits (性格)?
3．Tell a story about how he/she helped you.
4．What do you want to say to him/her when you meet in the future?
注意：短文中，老师的姓名请一律使用Mr.Wang或Ms.Wang，不得出现任何真实人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。
My Favorite Teacher
Mr.Wang is my favorite teacher.He teaches me math.He's of medium build and young.He has short straight black hair and small eyes.He is outgoing and funny.His classes are always lively and interesting.And he is very kind to us.
Last year，I failed a math exam.I was sad and upset，but Mr.Wang encouraged me.He always told me，“You can do it！” Because of him，I became more confident about math and worked harder.Finally，I did well in math.
When I meet Mr.Wang one day，I'll be excited and say hello and thanks to him.
(二)(2014，青海)
身高是身体素质的衡量标准之一。最近一项调查表明，我国7至17岁青少年平均身高较之同龄的日本青少年要低2.54公分，这表明我国青少年的身体素质在下降。假如你是某学生英文报的读者李宁，请根据以下提示给报社编辑写一封信，分析这一现象的原因并提出增强体质的建议。
提示：1.学生课业负担重，几乎没有时间锻炼身体；
2．越缺乏锻炼，体质就越差；
3．建议通过加强锻炼，保证睡眠时间，健康饮食等方面增强体质。
要求：1.要包含提示中的要点，可以适当发挥；
2．不少于80词。
参考词汇：body condition (身体素质)
Dear Editor，
I'm shocked at the survey result.The reason that Chinese students' body condition is dropping is because of their heavy school learning tasks.Under too much pressure of study，students aren't allowed to do lots of after-class sports activities.Also，they have little time to take exercise.
For the future of our country，improving students' body condition is very important.Here are some suggestions to share with you.Firstly，enough sleep and healthy food are good for our health.Secondly，taking more exercise can make us stronger.“The less you exercise，the worse your physical health will be.”Remember it and do more daily exercise.
Yours sincerely，
Li Ning
(三)(2014，安徽)
假定你是王伟，你的英国笔友大卫(David)来信问及你们学校在暑假期间对学生的要求。请你根据以下要点给他回一封电子邮件。
●家庭安全：小心用火用电，外出时关好门窗；
●游泳安全：不独自去游泳，不去河、湖游泳；
●交通安全： 过马路要当心，不在马路上玩耍。
提示词：electricity (n.电)
注意：1.词数80－100；
2．请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；
3．文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；
4．邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
(四)(2014，咸宁)
课外活动可以让我们增长知识，发展智力，开阔视野和塑造性格。许多学校创造性地开展了课外活动，如朗诵、唱歌、讲故事、演话剧、办刊物以及举办各种体育活动等。
最近，某中学生英文报开设了“After-class Activities”的栏目。请你根据以下提示，为该栏目写一篇英文稿件，并鼓励同学们积极参加课外活动。
提示：1.你校开展课外活动的情况；
2．你参加过的课外活动及给你带来的益处；
3．为同学选择课外活动或为学校开设课外活动提出建议。
注意：1.词数80以上；
2．文中不得提及具体人名、校名及地名；
3．稿件的开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
提示词：take part in，sports，interesting，favorite
After-class Activities
Nowadays，after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in junior schools.In our school there are various kinds of activities，for example，arts and sports.We enjoy them very much.Playing football and reading are my favorites which do me lots of good.Besides building my body and improving my skills，they also free me from the heavy work of study.
Here I have some suggestions.To students，we'd better choose the activities which interest us and suit us；Schools should organize more activities for students and leave more time for activities by giving us less homework.
Dear friends, please actively take part in after-activities，which will not only make your school life colorful，but also improve your learning.
(五)
假如你是高中一年级新生王丽，开学之初，你的英语老师Mr.Liu希望了解每一位同学对英语的看法和英语学习情况，并征求教学建议，请按以下要点用英语给他写一封信。
提示：
1．What's your idea about English and how is your English?
2．What are the main problems in your English study?
3．Give your teacher some advice on his English teaching.
要求：
1．文中须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。
2．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
3．词数60～80个。(文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)
Dear Mr.Liu，
I am very happy to have you as our English teacher.As the world is becoming a global village，English is getting more and more important，so learning English well means we can see the world through a new window.My English is just OK and the main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and I often feel nervous when I speak English.
I really hope that you can give me good advice on how to remember new words.Another suggestion is to give us more chances to practice speaking.I believe we can make much progress in English with your help.
Thank you!
Yours，
Wang Li
(六)
现在，假期补课风潮愈演愈烈，假期正在固化成为学生的“第三学期”。“名师名校”、“个性化教学”、“秒杀中考”等广告词随处可见，你相信这样的宣传吗？课余时间我们学生应该做什么才能够得到全面的发展？假如你是李明，你妈妈经常建议你去报补习班，请根据下面的提示和要求，给你妈妈写一封信，谈一谈你的看法。
提示：
1．What's your idea about taking after-school classes?
2．Why do you think so?
3．What would you like to do in your spare time?
要求：
1．文中须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。
2．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
3．词数60～80个。(短文开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)
Dear_mum，
I love you.Thank you so much for bringing me up.
It seems that many students go to take after-school classes.You want me to go there，too.I think taking after-school classes isn't helpful to me.In fact，it is just a waste of time and money.I used to go to different kinds of these classes，but I didn't do a better job than others in study.So in my spare time，I think I should spend more time reading，doing sports，taking some social activities and doing some housework.These can help increase my knowledge and enjoy my life.
Learning by using is a real practice.I have leaned a lot from it.I'm sure I will be more creative and confident in my study.
All My Love.
Yours
Li Ming
(七)(2014，荆州)
莹莹的父母外出打工了，她到学校寄宿学习。开始她感到不习惯，在老师和朋友们的帮助下，现在学习、生活非常好。假设你是莹莹，请根据下表提示给父母写一封信，介绍你的在校情况和今后的打算。
1
Subjects
favorite，do well in...
2
Activities
competition，sports...
3
Friends
get on well...
4
Spare time
wash clothes，reading...
5
Plan
work hard...
要求：1.文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。
2．条理清楚、语句通顺、语法正确、书写规范。
3．可以适当发挥。
4．词数：80词左右。文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mom and Dad，
How time flies！I miss you very much！I was not used to everything here a few weeks ago.But now I enjoy my school life.We_have_nine_subjects_at_school.My_favorite_subject_is_history.It's_interesting_and_I_can_learn_a_lot_from_it.With_the_help_of_my_teacher，I_do_better_in_English.There_are_many_activities_at_school.Last_week，I_took_part_in_a_singing_competition_and_won_the_first_prize.I_have_made_lots_of_friends_here_and_we_get_on_well_with_each_other.In_my_spare_time，I_usually_wash_my_clothes_or_do_some_reading.Sometimes_I_play_sports_with_my_friends.I'm_stronger_than_before.Don't_worry_about_me.I_can_look_after_myself_very_well_and_will_work_harder_in_the_future.
Yours，
Yingying
(八)(2014，成都)
你即将升入高中，面临寄宿 (a boarding school) 和走读 (a day school)两类学校的选择。请你以“A boarding school or a day school？”为标题，写一篇 80～120 词的短文，内容须包括：
1．读寄宿学校的利和弊各一点；
2．读走读学校的利和弊各一点；
3．你的选择和理由(理由不得与上述两点内容重复)。
注意：1.短文必须包括所有要点；
2．可根据内容要点适当添加有关细节，使行文连贯；
3．书写规范，卷面整洁。
One possible version：
We are going to graduate from our middle school，and we will make a choice to enter a boarding school or a day school.Both kinds of schools have their advantages and disadvantages.
If we choose a boarding school，we will save more time to study.However，we may have less time staying with our family.If we choose a day school，parents can know more about our studies.At the same time，computer games may take a bad influence on us.
As for me，I prefer a boarding school.We should concentrate on our study to get good grades in high school.
