2024届高三英语一轮复习：定语从句课件（共28张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语一轮复习：定语从句课件（共28张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-09-25 12:11:36 | ||
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(共28张PPT)
同学们
大家好
请 大 家 睁 大 眼 睛
不 要 眨 眼
欢
迎
来
到
英语
英 语
小 课 堂
今天我们学习的是
定语从句
定语从句
Attributive Clauses
关系代词引导的定语从句
什么是定语从句？
一、定语从句的概述
在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。
Marry is a beautiful girl
形容词作定语
Marry is a girl who has long hair
修辞girl，作定语从句
定语从句的结构
Marry is a girl who has long hair
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系副词
关系代词
that, which, who(宾格为whom，所有格为whose)
where, when, why等
关系代词和关系副词有三个作用：①引导从句；
②指代先行词；③在定语从句中作成分。
被定语从句修饰的成分叫先行词
引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that，whichwho whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。
eg.
The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.
充当主语
I lost the book(( that/which ) you gave me)
充当宾语
二、关系代词的用法
1．关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们的具体使用情况如下表所示：
关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 备注
关 系 代 词 who 人 主语、宾语 whom, which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和who
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语 whose＋n.＝the＋n.＋of which/whom＝of which/whom＋the＋n.(先行词指人时用whom，指物时用which)
定语从句
在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，被定语从句修饰的词叫做“先行词!”
定语从句的位置:通常在先行词(在主句中)后。
定语从句的引导词
关系代词 ：指人： that(主语、宾语)whose(定语) who(主语、宾 语)，whom(宾语)
指物: that(主语、宾语)which(主语、宾 语)whose(定语)
关系 副词 :where(地点状语 ) why(原因状语)when(时间状语)
2．在定语从句中，使用关系代词时我们应该考虑两点：一是先行词是“人”还是“物”；二是关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。
He is a man who/that means what he says.
他是一个说话算话的人。
(先行词指人，关系代词who/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语)
Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher
你们班有谁的父亲是老师？
(先行词指人，关系代词whose引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作定语)
To be frank, I don’t like the movie (which/that) you recommended to me yesterday.
坦率地讲，我不喜欢你昨天推荐给我的那部影片。
(先行词指物，关系代词which/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略)
关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数确定从句谓语动词的单复数。
He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class. 他是我们班里唯一懂法语的学生。
(the only one为先行词)
He is one of the students who know French in our class.
他是我们班里懂法语的学生之一。
(students为先行词)
whose还是which？
关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，无论指人还是指物，都要用whose，而不能用which。
That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.
那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。
Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world－famous
你看过《泰坦尼克号》这部电影吗？它的男主角是世界著名的。
关系词，引定从，它们的用法各不同。
that可作主宾表，指人指物它都行。
which专来指物用，主语、宾语它也能。
who和whom来指人，whom仅作宾语用。
whose一词作定语，指人指物都管用。
1．关系代词用that而不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all, much, anything, nothing, everything，little, none等不定代词时或先行词被all，much，any，no，every，some，little等不定代词修饰时
She told me everything that she knew.
她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。
三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析
(2)先行词既有人又有物时
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
(3)先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(4)先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(5)先行词为the last, the only, the very, the same等或被这些词修饰时
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。
Which is the true story that he told us
他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？
(6)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时
2．关系代词用which而不用that的情况
(1)先行词为that时
—What’s that which is under the desk
桌子底下的那个东西是什么？
—It’s a football.
那是一个足球。
(2)关系代词前有介词时
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他住的房间。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句时
Tom came back, which made us happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
the same...as与the same...that的区别
一般情况下，the same...as指的是与先行词同类的事物/人，而the same...that与先行词指的是同一个事物/人。
This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.
这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。(同一类，表相似)
This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr Li.
这就是我从李老师那里借的钢笔。(同一物，表同一)
强调句与定语从句的区别
It was the student that/who asked the silly question.
就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)
He was the student who asked the silly question.
他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)
选词填空(that/which)
①Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.
②Have you any books ________ are worth reading
③This is the best film ________ I have ever seen.
④I’m going to talk about the countries and people _______ I have visited.
⑤Bamboo is hollow, _____ ____ makes it very light.
that
that
that
that
which
专项练习
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____________ are built close to each other.
2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _____________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
3．The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
4．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _______________ I met in the English speech contest last year.
that/which
which/that
whose_
who/whom/that
5．—Do you have anything to say for yourselves
—Yes, there’s one point _____________ we must insist on.
6．I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else’s fault.
7．Jack is the most intelligent man _______________ I’ve ever met.
8．As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _________ is named after his grandfather.
9．Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _________ (wear) evening dress.
10．I have the same magazine ______ you bought just now.
that/which
that
that/who/whom
which
wears
as
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．This is the magazine __________________________.
这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。
2．The girl ____________________ is one of my classmates.
正在唱歌的女孩是我的一个同学。
3．We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______________ ___________.
我们正在讨论昨晚见到的钢琴和钢琴家。
(that/which) I like best
who/that is singing
(that) we saw
last night
4．Everything ____________________ has been done.
应当做的事情已经做了。
5．This afternoon we’ll go to see the photo show _____________ __________________.
今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。
6．I’ll tell you _______________________________.
我要告诉你他上周告诉我的一切。
7．That tree ___________________________ looks very beautiful.
那棵开着淡红色的花的树看起来很漂亮。
that should be done
(that/which)
you have visited
all (that) he told me last week
whose flowers are light red
8．The girl ______________________________________ is Tom’s sister.
他们正在谈论的女孩是汤姆的妹妹。
9．Can you lend me the book _________________________________
你能借给我你昨天买的那本书吗？
10．Is this the factory _______________________ the other day
这是你那天参观过的那家工厂吗？
(who/whom/that) they are talking about
(that/which) you bought yesterday
that/which you visited
Ⅲ．使用定语从句简要介绍你的家人和你。
1．我父亲在本市非常著名的一家医院工作。( which/that )
2．我的母亲就在我上学的那所学校教数学。( that )
3．她喜欢看著名演员主演的电视剧。( whose )
4．我是一个热爱篮球的男孩。( who )
5．我有几个经常一起打篮球的好朋友。( whom )
参考范文：
My father works in a hospital which is very famous in our city. My mother teaches maths in the school that I study in. She likes watching TV plays whose leading actors are famous. I am a boy who likes playing basketball. I have several good friends whom I often play basketball with.
谢谢大家
同学们
大家好
请 大 家 睁 大 眼 睛
不 要 眨 眼
欢
迎
来
到
英语
英 语
小 课 堂
今天我们学习的是
定语从句
定语从句
Attributive Clauses
关系代词引导的定语从句
什么是定语从句？
一、定语从句的概述
在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。
Marry is a beautiful girl
形容词作定语
Marry is a girl who has long hair
修辞girl，作定语从句
定语从句的结构
Marry is a girl who has long hair
先行词
关系词
定语从句
关系副词
关系代词
that, which, who(宾格为whom，所有格为whose)
where, when, why等
关系代词和关系副词有三个作用：①引导从句；
②指代先行词；③在定语从句中作成分。
被定语从句修饰的成分叫先行词
引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that，whichwho whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。
eg.
The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.
充当主语
I lost the book(( that/which ) you gave me)
充当宾语
二、关系代词的用法
1．关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们的具体使用情况如下表所示：
关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 备注
关 系 代 词 who 人 主语、宾语 whom, which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和who
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语 whose＋n.＝the＋n.＋of which/whom＝of which/whom＋the＋n.(先行词指人时用whom，指物时用which)
定语从句
在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，被定语从句修饰的词叫做“先行词!”
定语从句的位置:通常在先行词(在主句中)后。
定语从句的引导词
关系代词 ：指人： that(主语、宾语)whose(定语) who(主语、宾 语)，whom(宾语)
指物: that(主语、宾语)which(主语、宾 语)whose(定语)
关系 副词 :where(地点状语 ) why(原因状语)when(时间状语)
2．在定语从句中，使用关系代词时我们应该考虑两点：一是先行词是“人”还是“物”；二是关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。
He is a man who/that means what he says.
他是一个说话算话的人。
(先行词指人，关系代词who/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语)
Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher
你们班有谁的父亲是老师？
(先行词指人，关系代词whose引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作定语)
To be frank, I don’t like the movie (which/that) you recommended to me yesterday.
坦率地讲，我不喜欢你昨天推荐给我的那部影片。
(先行词指物，关系代词which/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略)
关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数确定从句谓语动词的单复数。
He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class. 他是我们班里唯一懂法语的学生。
(the only one为先行词)
He is one of the students who know French in our class.
他是我们班里懂法语的学生之一。
(students为先行词)
whose还是which？
关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，无论指人还是指物，都要用whose，而不能用which。
That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.
那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。
Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world－famous
你看过《泰坦尼克号》这部电影吗？它的男主角是世界著名的。
关系词，引定从，它们的用法各不同。
that可作主宾表，指人指物它都行。
which专来指物用，主语、宾语它也能。
who和whom来指人，whom仅作宾语用。
whose一词作定语，指人指物都管用。
1．关系代词用that而不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all, much, anything, nothing, everything，little, none等不定代词时或先行词被all，much，any，no，every，some，little等不定代词修饰时
She told me everything that she knew.
她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。
三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析
(2)先行词既有人又有物时
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
(3)先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(4)先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(5)先行词为the last, the only, the very, the same等或被这些词修饰时
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。
Which is the true story that he told us
他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？
(6)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时
2．关系代词用which而不用that的情况
(1)先行词为that时
—What’s that which is under the desk
桌子底下的那个东西是什么？
—It’s a football.
那是一个足球。
(2)关系代词前有介词时
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他住的房间。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句时
Tom came back, which made us happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
the same...as与the same...that的区别
一般情况下，the same...as指的是与先行词同类的事物/人，而the same...that与先行词指的是同一个事物/人。
This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.
这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。(同一类，表相似)
This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr Li.
这就是我从李老师那里借的钢笔。(同一物，表同一)
强调句与定语从句的区别
It was the student that/who asked the silly question.
就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)
He was the student who asked the silly question.
他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)
选词填空(that/which)
①Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.
②Have you any books ________ are worth reading
③This is the best film ________ I have ever seen.
④I’m going to talk about the countries and people _______ I have visited.
⑤Bamboo is hollow, _____ ____ makes it very light.
that
that
that
that
which
专项练习
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____________ are built close to each other.
2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _____________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
3．The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
4．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _______________ I met in the English speech contest last year.
that/which
which/that
whose_
who/whom/that
5．—Do you have anything to say for yourselves
—Yes, there’s one point _____________ we must insist on.
6．I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else’s fault.
7．Jack is the most intelligent man _______________ I’ve ever met.
8．As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _________ is named after his grandfather.
9．Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _________ (wear) evening dress.
10．I have the same magazine ______ you bought just now.
that/which
that
that/who/whom
which
wears
as
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．This is the magazine __________________________.
这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。
2．The girl ____________________ is one of my classmates.
正在唱歌的女孩是我的一个同学。
3．We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______________ ___________.
我们正在讨论昨晚见到的钢琴和钢琴家。
(that/which) I like best
who/that is singing
(that) we saw
last night
4．Everything ____________________ has been done.
应当做的事情已经做了。
5．This afternoon we’ll go to see the photo show _____________ __________________.
今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。
6．I’ll tell you _______________________________.
我要告诉你他上周告诉我的一切。
7．That tree ___________________________ looks very beautiful.
那棵开着淡红色的花的树看起来很漂亮。
that should be done
(that/which)
you have visited
all (that) he told me last week
whose flowers are light red
8．The girl ______________________________________ is Tom’s sister.
他们正在谈论的女孩是汤姆的妹妹。
9．Can you lend me the book _________________________________
你能借给我你昨天买的那本书吗？
10．Is this the factory _______________________ the other day
这是你那天参观过的那家工厂吗？
(who/whom/that) they are talking about
(that/which) you bought yesterday
that/which you visited
Ⅲ．使用定语从句简要介绍你的家人和你。
1．我父亲在本市非常著名的一家医院工作。( which/that )
2．我的母亲就在我上学的那所学校教数学。( that )
3．她喜欢看著名演员主演的电视剧。( whose )
4．我是一个热爱篮球的男孩。( who )
5．我有几个经常一起打篮球的好朋友。( whom )
参考范文：
My father works in a hospital which is very famous in our city. My mother teaches maths in the school that I study in. She likes watching TV plays whose leading actors are famous. I am a boy who likes playing basketball. I have several good friends whom I often play basketball with.
谢谢大家