新概念英语第二册 Lesson 29 Taxi! 出租汽车！笔记

Lesson 29 Taxi! 出租汽车！
【New words and expressions】（10）
taxi n. 出租汽车
Pilatus Porter 皮勒特斯 波特（飞机名）
land v. 着陆 (不及物)
plough v. 耕地
lonely adj. 偏僻的, 人迹罕见的(地方)
Welsh adj. 威尔士的
roof n. 楼顶 (从外面看)
block n. 块, 一座大楼
flat n. 公寓房
desert v. 废弃
★taxi n. 出租汽车
cab /k b/ (Am) 出租车
taxi driver 出租车司机
= cab driver
take a taxi to… 打车去某地
by taxi = by cab (表示方式)
★Pilatus Porter 皮勒特斯·波特(飞机名)
land
(1) v. (使)着陆
eg. The plane can land anywhere.
(2) n.
[u] 陆地，土地，地
land -- sea, water
ground -- sky
farming land 农业用地
building land 建筑用地
[c] 祖国(喻)
mother land = home land = native land 祖国母亲
by land 由陆路 ---- by air, by sea
landlord 店主，房东 landlady 女店主，女房东
★plough v. 用犁耕地
plough a field = plough up a field 耕田
the Plough(大写) 北斗七星
★lonely
（1）lonely adj. 指地方偏僻的，人迹罕至的
eg. a lonely village in Africa
(2)lonely adj. 孤独的, 孤僻的(人)
eg.She felt lonely. 她感到孤独（主观）（lonely作feel的表语)
alone adj. 单独的, 独一无二的, 孤独的, 独自的；
(alone作形容词不可放名词前，只能做表语、补语、后置定语）
adv. 独自地
eg.She is alone. 她独自一个人（事实, 客观）
He lives alone. 她一个人住。（adv.)
Leaves me alone. 别理我。（adj.)
★roof n. 楼顶（从外面看）
n. 房顶，车顶，顶部 pl. Roofs
eg. have no roof over one’s head
= have no place to live 没有地方住
n. 最高处
eg. the roof of the world 世界屋脊
the roof of the mouth 上鄂
（3）ceiling n. 天花板（从里面看）
eg. hit the ceiling 勃然大怒
hit the roof 大发雷霆
raise the roof 闹翻了天
★block n. 块, 一座大楼
[c] n. (木，石，金属等的）大块
eg. a block of concrete 一块混凝土块
a block of marble 一块大理石
a block of rock 一块岩石
[c] n. 大建筑物，大楼（内有许多相互独立的公寓或办公室的）
eg. a block of flat 一栋公寓楼
a tower block 高层建筑，塔楼
office block 办公楼 写字楼
★flat n. 公寓房
n. 公寓，单元房，一套房间(Br)
apartment (Am)
flatlet 小公寓
--let 小的
booklet 小册子
piglet 小猪
tablet 药片
Bomblet 小炸弹
adj. 平坦的
eg. flat land 平原
(3) adj. 泄了气的，瘪下去的
eg. flat tyre 瘪了的轮胎
adj. 浅的，扁的
eg. flat dish 浅碟子
The cake was flat. 这个蛋糕没有发起来。
（5）adj. 啤酒等会起泡的，饮料走了气
eg. My cola has gone flat.
★desert
/’dez t/ n. 沙漠，荒漠
/di’z :t/ v. 离弃，放弃，遗 弃
desert（强调丢弃、抛弃） deserted deserted
= abandon = give up (强调放弃某一想法，打算等）
deserted adj.无人的
eg. a deserted street 空无一人的大街
a deserted office 空荡荡的办公室
a deserted area 无人地区
(4)deserted adj. 被离弃的，被遗弃的，被抛弃的
eg. a deserted wife 被抛弃的妻子
【Text】
Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service.The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcett's first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.
参考译文
本.弗西特机长买了一辆不同寻常的出租汽车, 并开始了一项新的业务. 这辆 “出租汽车” 是一架小型瑞士飞机, 叫 “皮勒特斯.波特” 号. 这架奇妙的飞机可以载7名乘客. 然而, 最令人惊奇的是它能够在任何地方降落 : 雪地上, 水面上, 甚至刚耕过的田里. 弗西特机长的第一名乘客是位医生, 他从伯明翰飞往威尔士山区一个偏僻的村庄. 从那时开始, 弗西特机长已经载送乘客到过许多不寻常的地方. 一次, 他把飞机降落在了一栋公寓楼的屋顶上; 还有一次, 降落在了一个废弃的停车场上. 弗西特机长刚刚拒绝了一位商人的奇怪要求. 这个人想要飞往大西洋上的一个孤岛 -- 罗卡尔岛, 弗西特机长之所以不送他去, 是因为那段飞行太危险了.
【课文讲解】
1、Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service.
has bought 和 has begun (现在完成时态，强调过去动作对现在产生的影响）
Captain 机长 （本文含义）
可指上尉、队长、船长、连长、领班等。
service
n. 服务，贡献，帮助，功劳
eg. social services 社会福利事业
He did me a great service. 他帮了我很大忙。
n. 供水，通讯等公共事业，业务，公共汽车的行驶，班次等
eg. a mail service = a postal service 邮政业务
The telephone service 电话业务
n. 车辆、机器等定期的维修
eg. When did you take your car for service
你什么时候修的汽车？
after-sale service 售后服务
n. 军务，兵役
eg. He was in the service for two years.
他在服两年兵役。
I’m at your servce. 随时为您效劳。
2、The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'.
Swiss adj. 瑞士人的，瑞士的
N. 瑞士人（单复数同形）
Switzerland 瑞士
called a ‘Pilatus Porter’是过去分词短语,作aeroplane的定语。一般过去分词短语作定语时要放在所修饰的名词/代词之后，而一个单独的分词作定语时则往往放在所修饰的名词/代词前面。
过去分词做定语时是作为被动状态来翻译的
I have an instrument called a clavichord.
a ploughed field 被耕过的田； a deserted car park 被废弃的车场
written English 书面语 ； spoken English 口语
This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers.The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field.
that 从句在此处是表语从句。宾语从句中的that可省略；定语从句中的关系词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
anywhere 任何地方; somewhere 某个地方； nowhere 没什么地方
The most surprising thing is that… （surprising 可以由其它词替换）
The most exciting thing is that we can win the football match.
The happiest thing is that I can visit/see/(stay with) mother during the Spring Festival. (the Spring Festival 春节)
To one’s surprise, …
a ploughed field 被耕过的地里（ploughed 过去分词作定语）
4、Captain Fawcett’s first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains.
who引导定语从句
5、Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places.
fly - flew - flown
vi. 鸟，飞机等飞
vt. 驾驶飞机
fly sb./sth. To… 开飞机送某人/物去……
He has flown his car to France.
drive sb. to… 开车送某人去……
My friend drove me to Tianjin.
Time flies. 光阴似箭。
soar /s :/ 急速升空，高飞
float /fl ut/ 漂浮
hover /h v / 盘旋
glide /glaid/ 滑行
skim /skim/ 掠过
since then 从那时起（强调起点）
so far = up to now 迄今为止（强调终点）
6、Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park.
once…and on another occasion 一次……还有一次……
= on one occasion ... on another occasion
occasion n. 机会，场合
eg. on several occasions 在几次不同场合
in honor of the occasion 为表庆贺
on rare occasions 偶尔
7、Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman.
refuse 拒绝请求或给予某种东西
eg. request from sb. 来自某人的请求
request for sth. 要求得到
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
deny 否认（一种指控），不承认
8、The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.
a lonely island是Rockall的同位语
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
the Indian Ocean 印度洋
take sb. to … 送某人……
too 在副词或形容词前表示否定含义，强调程度大到了人们不愿去做
too expensive 太贵了（买不起）
very 强调程度深
【Key structures】　
一般过去时和现在完成时
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作。
时间状语多为：last year; last month; 3 years ago; in 1994; just now等。
（2）现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，而且还可以继续延续下去的动作，或表示经验。
时间状语多为表示到现在为止的这段时间。比如:since 1994; for three years; up until now; just; before等。此外，在用already, yet, just, ever, never这类副词作状语时，常可用现在完成时。
【Special Difficulties】
Refuse and Deny
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
I offered to pay him for his help but he refused (payment).
deny doing sth. / deny that +从句 否认（指控、做过某事等）
The secretary denies that she has stolen the letter.
当refuse作为及物/不及物动词表示“拒绝接受”时，不可与deny混用；当refuse作为及物动词表示“拒绝给予、拒绝要求”时，它与deny可以互相替换。
All those not holding tickets will be refused /denied entry. 无票者不得入内。
Bring，Take与Fetch
bring v. 从某处将某物“带来”，离说话人越来越近
He brought the book with him when he came to see me.
take v. 拿走，离说话人越来越远
He took the book with him when he left.
fetch v. 去某地将某物“取来”，是个双程动作，去了再来(双向动作)
Please fetch me a glass of water.
Very and Too
very adv. 很，非常（very描述状况，不涉及后果）
I arrived very late but I caught the train.
too adv. 太，过于（too表示“太……”，以至于引起某种后果）
I arrived too late and I missed the train.