新概念英语第二册 Lesson 27 A wet night 雨夜 笔记

Lesson 27 A wet night 雨夜
【New words and expressions】（15）
tent n. 帐篷
field n. 田地，田野
smell v. 闻起来
wonderful adj. 极好的
campfire n. 营火，篝火
creep v. 爬行
sleeping bag 睡袋
comfortable adj. 舒适的，安逸的
soundly adv. 香甜地
leap v. 跳跃，跳起
heavily adv. 大量地
stream n. 小溪
form v. 形成
wind v. 蜿蜒
right adv. 正好
★tent n. 帐篷
put up a tent 搭帐篷
pull down a tent 拆帐篷
★field n. 田地, 田野,领域，专业，视野
in the field 在田野里
in one's field 在……领域
(eg. He is an expert in his field.)
one’s special field 某人的专业
football field 足球场地
airfield 飞机场(介词用on)
★smell v. 闻起来
smell smelled smelled / smell smelt smelt
(1)(感官动词)+ adj.
(表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态，表语常由名词、形容词、
副词、介词短语、动词的ing形式、不定式、从句来充当。)
(2)不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态
Eg. The fish smells A . (主系表结构：系动词后面形容词作表语)
A. good B. nicely C.well
(类似系动词：sound 听起来；look 看起来；feel 感觉；taste尝起来)
★wonderful adj. 极好的
Great ! (与物相连，口语中用得更多)
Excellent ! adj.卓越的, 极好的(与人相连)
She is an excellent teacher.
Outstanding ! (人) 好得站了出来
Brilliant! adj.灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的
Fantastic! adj.极好的
★campfire n. 营火, 篝火
camp n. 营地
a holiday camp 度假营地
a prison camp 战俘营
an army camp 军营
a concentration camp (德国纳粹的)集中营
pitch a camp 扎营
have a foot in both camps 脚踩两只船
have a foot in the grave 行将就木
camp v.设营，扎营，宿营，露营
go camping 野营，度假
campfire 营火，篝火
= open fire
camp bed 折叠床，行军床
fire [c][u] (一堆堆的火为可数, 炉子里的火为不可数)
★creep (crept，crept) v. 爬行 (蹑手蹑脚的) 也是平行的爬
= crawl v. 平行地爬
(crawl使用于如蛇类，无足，以腹部着地而行或者动作迟缓之虫类，而creep则表示四足动物，缓慢而行，然而，快速前进之虫类，仍多以creep表示。)
creep out 蹑手蹑脚(别人不注意, 偷偷摸摸的)
climb v. 爬(上下爬)
climb the tree， climb up or down
The baby is crawling on the floor.
★sleeping bag 睡袋
sleeping是动名词:
正在……
passing plane 正在路过的飞机
② 用来做……
listening material 听力材料
walking stick　 拐杖
sleeping car 卧铺车厢 = sleeper
sleeping pill(药丸) 安眠药
★soundly adv. 香甜地
sleep soundly 睡得很甜
表示睡觉的短语：go to bed 上床/go to sleep 睡觉/fall asleep坠入梦乡（fall为半联系动词）/sleep well睡得很好/sleep deeply 睡得很沉/fall fast asleep 睡得好香（fast asleep熟睡）
★comfortable adj. 舒适的
反： uncomfortable 不舒适的
eg. Make yourself comfortable! 请别客气!
(1) comfort n.
[u] 舒适，身心健康，安慰
live in comfort 过得舒服
a few words of comfort 几句安慰的话
[c] 令人安慰的人或事
Her children are a great comforts to her.
(生活方面)使人舒适的设备(pl.)
v. comfort sb. 安慰某人
(2) comfortably adv. 舒适地
= in comfort
★soundly adv. 酣熟地，充分地
sleep soundly = sleep deeply = sleep well = be fast asleep
睡得很香
sound adj.(睡眠)酣的，香甜的
be a sound sleeper = be a fast sleeper 一个睡得很香的人
a sound heart (身心)健康的，健全的
★leap vi. 跳，跳跃
= jump as far as one can = jump over 用力地跳
leap leapt leapt/lept/
leap 大多用于向“前方”的跳跃
jump 向“前方”、“上方”、任一方的跳跃皆可
(jump up and down 上窜下跳)
skip 课文行的跳过去，单词，文章
(Let us skip it )
leap n. 跳跃
eg. She made beautiful leaps. 她优美地跳跃了几下。
Great leap forwardd 大跃进(1958)
by leaps and bounds(弹跳) 突飞猛进，迅速地
leap year/月 闰年/月
a leap in the dark 有勇无谋的行为，瞎闯
Look before you leap. 三思而后行
★heavily adv. 大量地
heavy
adj. 沉的，超出一般规模、数量、力量的，重大的
eg. a heavy rain/snow 一场大雨/大雪
= It rains cats and dogs.
eg. a heavy crop 丰收
a heavy cold 重感冒
a heavy smoker 大烟鬼 = smoke heavily 烟瘾重
a heavy drinker 大酒鬼
heavy traffic 交通拥堵
heavy loss 重大损失
a heavy sleeper 睡得很死的人
(2) (食物)腻人的，难消化的
heavy food = rich food 油腻的食物
light food 清淡的食物
★stream n. 小溪
in a stream = in streams 川流不息
a stream of water 一股溪流
a stream of people 人潮川流不息(喻)
river 江，河
brook 小河，小溪
lake 湖
★form
v. 形成
(1) 形成，构成
form sentences = make sentences
(2) 形成(想法，计划，意见等)
I cannot form an opinion about it.
这件事我没有意见。
n. 表格，形式
fill in the forms 填表格
formal adj. 正式的
反义词： informal 非正式的
formal clothes 礼服
★wind (wound；wound) v. 蜿蜒
① /waund/ v. 蜿蜒
wind one's way 蜿蜒而行
The road winds its way. 这条路蜿蜒而上。
wind the watch 上发条
② /wind/ n. 风；v. 刮风 (单数天气现象不可数，一阵风可数)
a strong wind = a heavy wind 强风
★right adv. 正好
right 做副词时强调后边的形容词、副词、介词短语，不强调动词，可用just来替换
Right here. 就在这儿
“Right here waiting for you” 《在此等候》
I found my lost watch right in the graden.
我就在花园里找到了我丢失的手表
just like 正好； just as 正如
后边加代词时只能用just，如：just you 就是你了，不能用“right”代替
【Text】
Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelled good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!
参考译文
傍晚时分, 孩子们在田野中央搭起了帐篷. 这件事刚刚做完, 他们就在篝火上烧起了饭. 他们全都饿了, 饭菜散发出阵阵香味. 他们美美地吃了一顿饭后, 就围在营火旁讲起了故事, 唱起了歌. 但过了一阵子. 天下起雨来, 于是他们扑灭了篝火, 钻进了帐篷. 睡袋既暖和又舒服, 所以, 他们都睡得很香. 午夜前后, 有两个孩子醒了, 大声叫了起来. 原来帐篷里到处都是水!他们全都跳出睡袋, 跑到外面. 雨下得很大, 他们发现地上已经形成了一条小溪. 那小溪弯弯曲曲穿过田野, 然后正好从他们的帐篷底下流过去.
【课文讲解】
汉语与英文只有意义的对等, 没有字的对等
My idea is the same as yours. 我的想法与你一样的
I agree with you.(口语)
I think so.(口语)
1、A wet night
英文中表示 “湿” 的词：wet，damp，moist/m ist/ (湿的程度减少)
wet adj. 湿淋淋的（反义词是dry）
You are wet.
damp adj. 让人感觉不太舒服
moist /m ist/ adj. 潮湿的； n. 潮湿，稍湿（给人感觉舒服，如湿润）
moist cake 松软的蛋糕
moist eyes 水灵灵的眼睛
dreamy eyes 梦幻般的眼睛
humid/hju:mid/ adj. 指气候比较潮湿
2、Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field.
late in the afternoon 傍晚
early in the morning 　 清早
late at night 深夜
put up = set up = pitch 搭建（强调搭，如搭个草棚等）
in the middle of 在……当中，在……中间
（相对两边，既可以用于表示地理位置，又可以用于表示时间或在某个过程当中)
eg.in the middle of the river 河中心
He heard someone shouting in the middle of the night.
Mary was in the middle of reading when her aunt arrived.
in the center of 在……中心，在……中部/中央
（相对四面，一般用于表示地理位置，腹地）
在陆地的腹地用 “center”
Alice Spring is a small town in the centre of Australia.
3、As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire.
as soon as 一…就(后面跟句子)
= the moment = just after
this = they put up their tent in the middle of the field
open fire 在野外生的火, 篝火，盆火（指无遮盖的、没有围起来的火）
cook v. 煮，烹调
eg. She cooked us a delicious meal.
= She cooked a delicious meal for us.
(cook可以加双宾语)
roast 烤肉
bake (用烤炉)烘
broil 直接用火烤
grill 直接用火烤
fry 炒
deep fry 油炸
boil 煮
stew /stju:/ 炖，闷
steam 蒸
cook n. 厨师
a chief cook 大厨
over 在垂直上方
on 表面接触的上方
above 在上方(在比较高的位置上)
4、They were all hungry and the food smelled good.
hungry adj. 饥饿的
go hungry 挨饿
feel hungry 感到饿了
eg. Which country eats a lot
Hungary. 匈牙利
(词形，发音都很像)
hungrily adv. 饥饿地
hunger n. 饥饿
die of hunger 死于饥饿
have a hunger for fame 渴望名声
have a hunger for knowledge 有强烈的求知欲
hunger v. 渴望
5、They were all hungry and the food smelled good.
smell: link v.(系动词)
6、After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire.
by: beside/near
表示“在……之后”的句式：after+从句/doing/n.
after I arrived => After my arrival 在我到达之后
when the plane arrived => after the arrival of the plane
在……旁边：
(1)at the door 门边, (紧挨着的)
sit at the table 桌边
(2)by 在……旁边，靠近
(不会紧挨着的, 但也不会很远，通常指距离非常近)
Come and sit by me.
There are many trees by the river.
(3)next to = beside 与……相邻
He sits next to me./who is the next (表示紧邻着的）
the next door to my house.（next door 在隔壁）
(4)near 在附近
near the village
7、But some time later it began to rain.
some time later 一段时间之后
some time earlier 一段时间之前(以当时的这个动作为准的一段时间前)
some time ago
一段时间以前(以现在说话时间为准的一段时间前)
8、The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent.
put out 人为的熄灭火
I put out the fire.
be out 火自动熄灭
The fire is out.
The light is on. 灯亮着。
The light is out. 灯灭了。
The building caught fire. 大楼着火了。(catch fire 着火)
与put相关的短语
put away 收起来，收好
put aside 放在一边
put back 放回
put up 搭建
put sb. up =provide 为某人安排食宿
put out 扑灭
put on 穿上
put off = postpone 推迟，拖延
put up with 容忍，忍受
put down = write down 记下，写下，记录下
put 放
lay 横摆
set 并放
place 安置
arrange 排放
spread 摊开
9、Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly.
sleep soundly 睡得很香
10、In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting.
in the middle of the night = at midnight 在午夜
the mid-autumn day 中秋节
wake up vi. 醒来（主语自己醒）
wake sb. up 把某人叫醒
sb. be woken up 某人被叫醒，被吵醒
begin doing = begin to do = start doing = start to do
开始做某事
11、The tent was full of water!
be full of = be filled with 充满
(adj.) (vt.)
12、They all leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside.
hurry v.匆忙赶往…
hurry to + 地点
13、It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field.
如果强调某东西自动形成, 则可以用主动态, 如果强调某东西是人为的, 用被动态，在这里river formed 河流是自动形成
When I'm getting close to the door,the door opened. (自动门)
The door opened. 强调门自动开
The door was opened. 门被打开, 强调人为的
14、The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!
wind表示“曲折而行”时，既可以是及物动词，又可以是不及物动词
wound one's way across 蜿蜒穿过
flow – flowed – flowed 流淌
fly - flew - flown 飞
right在此处表示强调，意为“正好、恰恰、就”
right = just
eg.I met him right here.
He hit the man right on the nose.
【Key structures】
一般过去时态
一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性动作)，通常搭配表示过去的时间状语：yesterday, last week, in 1990, during the night , in those days…
一般过去时可与today, this week, this month, this year等时间状语连用，但这些时间状语必须指过去，决不包括“现在”在内。
省略时间状语，通过上下文，使用一般过去时。
在英语中，说到死去的人时，一般皆用过去时态。
一般过去时，有时有感彩。
注意动词过去式不规则变化：
begin – began - began creep - crept –crept
leap - leapt – leapt sleep – slept –slept
find - found –found see - saw - seen
put - put - put do - did - done
keep - kept - kept lose - lost - lost
leave - left - left meet - met - met
write - wrote – written sing - sang - sung
wake - woke - woken buy - bought – bought
come - came - come give - gave -given
go - went - gone wind - wound - wound
hang - hung - hung 悬挂 hang - hanged – hanged绞死