新概念英语第二册 讲义笔记 Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble 哈勃望远镜的困境

Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble 哈勃望远镜的困境
【New words and expressions】（17）
Hubble n. 哈勃
telescope n. 望远镜
launch v. 发射
space n. 空间
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 国家航空和航天局
billion n. 10亿
faulty adj. 有错误的
astronaut n. 宇航员
shuttle n. 航天飞机
Endeavour n. “奋进”号
robot-arm n. 机器手
grab v. 抓
atmosphere n. 大气层
distant adj. 遥远的
galaxy n. 星系
universe n. 宇宙
eagle eye 鹰眼
★telescope n. 望远镜
tele- 远距离的，远的，电视的
telescope 望远镜
telephone 电话
telegram 电报
television 电视
telephotography 摄远摄影术
teleprompter 讲词提示器
★launch v. 发射
（1）v. 使运动，送入轨道，发射
eg. launch a missile 发射一枚导弹
launch a satellite 发射卫星
（2）v. 着手（事业）,开始（攻击）
eg. We launched a new project. 我们着手一次新的计划。
（3）v. 使（某人）投入（事业等）
eg. My parents launched me into business. 我的父母亲让我经商。
★space n. 空间(指宇宙空间)
（1）n.[c] 空白，空地
eg. Is there a space for the car 这里有停车位吗？
（2）n.[u] 空间
eg. There isn’t much space left for your luggage.
没有多余的空间给你放行李。
（3）n. 太空，外层空间
eg. I dream of traveling through the space to live on another planet.
room n. 空间（不可数）；房间（可数）
eg. Could you make room for me 你能为我腾一点空间吗
★billion n. 10亿
two billion 二十亿
several billion 几十亿
dozen 一打十二个
score 二十个
hundred 一百
thousand 一千
million 百万
billion 十亿
hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的
thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的
★faulty adj. 有错误的，有缺陷的，不完善的
（faultier, faultiest）
a faulty argument 有错误的论据
fault
n.[c] 缺点，缺陷，毛病，故障
eg. I like him despite his faults. 尽管他有错误，我还是喜欢他。
n.[u] 过失，过错（侧重于造成错误的个人责任）
eg. Whose fault is this 这是谁的过错？
mistake (日常生活中各种情况的)错误
error 错误（比较正式）
blunder 大错，粗心的错误，疏忽
defect 指更为严重的缺陷
★astronaut n. 宇航员
astro-前缀 星的，外太空的
astronaut 宇航员
astrology 占星术
astronomy 天文学
astrophysics 天文物理学
★shuttle n. 航天飞机
(1) n. 梭
(2) n. 航天飞机
eg. a space shuttle 航天飞机
shuttle bus 区间公共汽车
shuttle service 定期往返班次
★Endeavour n. “奋进”号
(1) n. 努力，尽力 = attempt, effort
eg. Please make every endeavor to arrive in time.
请尽量准时到达。
（2） v. 努力，尽力（比try要更加正式）
eg. He endeavored to win votes for his proposal.
他努力争取赞成自己提案的票。
★robot-arm n. 机器手
robot n. 机器人, 遥控设备
★grab v. 抓
(1)v. 抓，抢，抢夺，攫取
（grabbing, grabbed）
eg. He grabbed my collar. 他抓住了我的衣领。
（2）v. (热切地)抓住，抓住(机会)
eg. grab a chance 抓住机会
★atmosphere n. 大气层
(1) n. 大气，大气层（包围地球的气体）
eg. the atmosphere 大气层
（2）n.气氛，情绪
eg. a friendly atmosphere 友好的气氛
That restaurant has real atmosphere. 那家餐馆真的很有气氛。
★distant adj. 遥远的
反义词：near
eg. a distant town 一个遥远的小镇
in the distant past 在往昔
be distant from 离…远
★galaxy n. 星系
distant galaxies 遥远的星系
the Galaxy = the milky way 银河，银河系
★universe n. 宇宙，世界，天地万物
the universe 宇宙
eg. God is believed to have made the universe.
人们相信神创造了天地万物。
university n. 大学
★eagle eye 鹰眼
eagle
（1）n. 老鹰
（2）n. 鹰徽（美国的国徽）
eagle-eye 眼力好的，眼光锐利的，有洞察力的
eye
n. 眼光，洞察力
eg. He has a good eye for beauty. 他有很好的审美观。
n.眼神，目光
eg. with jealous eyes 用妒忌的眼神
with sleepy eyes 用昏昏欲睡的眼神
make eyes at sb. 向某人暗送秋波
【Text】
The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars. Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.
参考译文
哈勃望远镜于1990年4月20日由国家航空航天局发射升空, 耗资10多亿美元. 从最开始哈勃望远镜就有问题. 它传送给我们的图像很令人失望, 因为它的主要镜子有误差. 国家航天局准备纠正这一错误, 为此将把4名宇航员送入太空修复望远镜. “奋进” 号航天飞机将把宇航员送上哈勃. 当宇航员进行必要的修复工作时, “奋进” 号上的一只机器手将抓住望远镜并托住它. 当然, 哈勃位于地球的大气层之外, 因此, 它很快就会给我们传送我们所见到过的、有关行星和远距离星系的最清晰的照片. 哈勃将告诉我们有关宇宙的年龄和大小的许多事情. 等到你读到这篇文章时, 敏锐的哈勃望远镜已经为我们送来了成千上万张精彩的照片.

【课文讲解】
1、The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars.
on 用在具体某一天之前
at a cost of … 耗资，以……的价格/费用
cost n. 价格，成本
eg. The cost of the used car is &2000. 这辆旧车的价格是2000英镑。
price n. 价格
eg. How much is that blouse Let’s ask the price.
那件衬衫多少钱？让我们问一下价格。
value n. 价值
eg. The stolen items were of sentimental, rather than financial value.
被盗物品更具有情感上的价值，而不是经济上的价值。
cost v. 花费
eg. What does this blouse cost, please
这件衬衫花多少钱？
price v. 打听价格
eg. I want to price the bed before I buy any. 在我买床之前要打听价格。
value v. 尊重，重视
eg. I value your advice a great deal. 我非常重视你的建议。
2、Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble.
right from the start 从最开始（right起强调作用）
= just from the start = from the very beginning
right here 就在这里
right now 即刻
trouble with… 关于……有麻烦
eg. What's the trouble with you 你有什么麻烦 (医生常这样问)
3、The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty!
it sent us 作定语从句修饰pictures
main adj. 主要的，首要的（无比较级、最高级）
eg. the main thing to remember 要记住的主要东西
the main meal of the day 一天的正餐
the main course of a meal 一餐的主菜
in the main 大体上，大致上
faulty adj. 有错误的
fault n. 错误
eg. Sorry, it's my fault. 对不起，这是我的错。
4、NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it.
put sth. right 修好（故障等），校正，纠正
put + n. + adv./adj. 使成（某种状态）
eg. Remember to put the lights right tomorrow.
Put a watch ten minutes fast. 把表拨快10分钟。
put + n. + to
eg. Put the desk nearer to the window. 把桌子更靠近窗一些。
it will soon be sending up 将来进行时态（比一般将来时语气更加肯定）
send up 使上去，使（价格，湿度等）上升、提高
send away
（1）赶走，解雇，派
eg. He sent his daughter away to school in England.
他送女儿去英国上学。
（2）去函订购，函购
eg. I’ve sent away for a carpet I saw in the catalogue.
我去函订购了一条我在目录上看到的地毯。
send out 派遣，使到外面去
eg. The teacher sent the naughty boy out of the classroom.
老师把这个淘气的男孩赶出了教室。
to repair it 不定式表目的
5、The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble.
will be taking 将来进行时态
6、A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs.
make repairs 进行修理
make enemies 树敌
make trouble 惹麻烦
make money 赚钱
= make profit
= make fortune
make an experiment 做实验
make a face 做鬼脸
make a hit 很成功
make progress 取得进步
make a note 记笔记
make a move 走一着（棋）;开始行动；搬家
make a mistake 犯错误
make a payment 付款
make a resolution 下决心
make a trip 旅行
hold it 抓住它
7、Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen.
above adv./adj./prep 在高处，高于；超出；前文，上文；在天上，到天上
（本文是介词）
eg. My bedroom is immediately above. 我的卧室就在上面。
A voice called us from above. 从上面传来叫我们的声音。
As we stated above. 如上所述。
the powers above 上天神明
blessings from above 上天的祝福
gone above 上天堂
above all 最重要的，尤其是
above oneself 兴高采烈，得意忘形
that we have ever seen 作定语从句修饰stars and galaxies
8、The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe.
a great deal 大量
a great deal of… 大量的……
9、By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.
will have sent us 将来完成时态
by 到…时为止（搭配完成时态）
eg. By the end of last year, he had written 18 books.
到去年年底为止，他已经写了18本书了。
By this time tomorrow, you will have received your parcel.
到明天这个时候为止，你将已经收到包裹了。
engle eye 鹰眼，锐利目光
eg. His father’s eagle eye is always on him.
thousands and thousands of 成千上万的
【Key structures】　
将来完成时、将来进行时和将来完成进行时
将来完成时：will + have + done
含义：到将来某时为止将会完成某事
eg. Soon the astronauts will have repaired the telescope.
宇航员很快会把望远镜修好的。
将来进行时：will + be + doing
含义：
表达将来某时正在做某事；
对将来的动作或状态进行一种判断或推测，比一般将来时更加肯定；
提问的时候显得更加客气，更加有诚意。
eg. I will be writing letters all day tomorrow.
明天我一天都在写信。
将来完成进行时：will + have + been doing
含义：到将来为止动作一直在进行着
eg. By Friday midday, they’ll have been working on it for 7 days.
到星期五中午为止，他们已经干了7天了。
将来完成时
注意：在下面的句子中，will是情态动词，有“大概，料想”的含义，不能翻译成“将
要”。
eg. He will have arrived by this time tomorrow.
明天这个时候他已经到了。
The moment he has arrived, I will let you know.
他一来我就告诉你。
You will have heard the news, so I need not repeat it.
你们一定已经听到消息了，所以我就没必要重复了。
He will phone us later today. He will have received his exam results by then.
今天晚些时候他会给我们打电话的，那个时候他已经接到考试成绩了。
I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.
我将在本周末之前读完这本书。
Before long, he will have forgotten all about the matter.
过不久，他就会把这件事完全忘记。
【Special Difficulties】
Cost, Price, Value
cost
① n. 价格，价钱，费用（侧重指某项服务、工程等），成本（复数）
at the cost of 以……的费用，造价……
They built the bridge at a cost of over $600,000.
I don’t know the costs of these cars. 我不知道这些车的成本是多少。
② vt. 价钱为……，（使）花费（不用于被动语态）
The new car cost him $5,000.
How much did it cost to launch the Hubble telescope into space
What does this blouse cost, please 请问, 这件衬衣多少钱
price
① n. 价格，价钱（侧重于指某个具体东西或商品的价钱），物价（复数）
How much is that blouse Let's ask the price.
What’s the price of the dress, please
Prices are going up again. 物价又上涨了。
② v. 问……的价钱，查明/查询……的价格；给……定价/标价
They priced cars for two days before they bought one.
The dress is priced at $50, but you can have it at $40.
I want to price the bed linen in a few other shops before I buy any.
我想在买床单之前打听几家商店的价格.
value
① n. 表示抽象的价值或重要性，价值观（复数）
The stolen items were of sentimental, rather than financial value.
被盗物品更具有情感上的涵义, 而不是经济上的价值.
This book is of great value to me.
His values are different from those of mine.
② vt. 尊重，重视
value sth. 认为……有价值
value sth. owned by oneself 敝帚自珍
Value your time. 珍惜时间
If you don’t value my advice, I’ll speak no more.