新概念英语二册Lesson 84 On strike 罢工超详教案讲义笔记

Lesson 84 On strike 罢工
【New words and expressions】（11）
strike n. 罢工
busman n. 公共汽车司机
state v. 正式提出，宣布
agreement n. 协议
relieve v. 减轻
pressure n. 压力，麻烦
extent n. 程度
volunteer v. 自动提出，自愿
gratitude n. 感激
Press n. 新闻界
object v. 不赞成，反对
★strike n. 罢工
n. 罢工（课）
eg. a general strike 大罢工
be on strike 在罢工
= be out on strike
go on strike 举行罢工
= go out on strike
n. 进攻，袭击
eg. They made a strike on the enemy base.
他们袭击了敌人的基地。
v. 殴打，打击，攻击
eg. strike the keys 敲击琴键
strike the keyboard 敲击
The clock will strike 12 in 50 minutes.
5分钟之后钟将敲响12点。
★busman n. 公共汽车司机
eg. bus stop 错过公共汽车
miss the bus 错过公共汽车/失掉机会（口）
a school bus 校车
a double-decker bus 双层公共汽车
★state v. 正式提出，宣布，表明
eg. She stated her opinion. 她表明了她的观点。
She stated the date of her departure 她正式提出了离开的日期。
state + that … /以wh开头的特殊疑问词
eg. The Prime Minister stated that he would visit Canada the next year.
首相宣布明年他将访问加拿大。
He didn’t state whether the article was true.
他没有表明文章是否是真的。
statement n.
陈述，声明，言明
eg. make a false statement 作不实的陈述
make a correct statement 作正确的陈述
I couldn’t believe his statement. 我不能相信他的陈述。
(政府等的正式）声明
eg. issue an official statement 发布官方声明
陈述句
eg. a simple statement 陈述句
a compound statement 并列句
a complex statement 复合句
state n. 州，状态
eg. the United States of America 美国
How many states are there in the universe
宇宙中有多少物质状态呢？
★agreement n. 协议
(意见等)一致，赞成，同意————反义词：disagreement
eg. We’re all in agreement on that point. 我们一致同意那一点。
nod to show one’s agreement 点头表示同意
by mutual agreement 经彼此同意
协议
eg. The meeting ended when we reached an agreement.
= The meeting ended when we came to an agreement.
= The meeting ended when we arrived at an agreement.
当我们达成协议的时候，会议结束了。
a trade agreement between China and the U.S.
中美之间的贸易协定
break an agreement 违背协定
★relieve v. 减轻
减轻，减少，缓和（痛苦等）
eg. The drug relieved my toothache. 这药物缓解了我的牙痛。
使（人）放心，安心，松了一口气
eg. The news relieved me. 这消息让我松了一口气。
= I was relieved at the news.
解除（负担，重负）；使快乐
eg. relieve sb. of 解除某人负担
My assistant relieved me of all the chores.
我的助手分担了我所有的琐事。
Let me relieve you of your suitcase. 我来帮你拎皮箱吧。
relieve one’s feelings (大哭大叫以）发泄苦闷
relieve oneself (上厕所）方便（委婉用法）
relief n.
宽慰，安心
eg. give a sigh of relief 宽慰地松一口气
= heave a sight of relief
It is a great relief to find they are safe.
得知他们平安是个很大的宽慰。
（痛苦等的）缓和，减轻
eg. Will this medicine give immediate relief from pain
吃了药能马上止痛吗？
to one’s relief 使（人）放心的是
relief works
失业救济工程；（为解决失业问题所设置的）公共设施
★pressure n. 压力，麻烦
(精神上的)压力，沉重压力
eg. Is he suffering from pressure of work 他有工作上的压力吗？
(社会的)压力
eg. the pressure of a politician 政治家的压力
压力，压迫
eg. I felt the pressure of his hand on my shoulder.
我感到他的手压在我的肩膀上。
a pressure of 60kg to the square foot 每平方英尺60公斤的压力
blood pressure 血压
相关短语：
eg. at high pressure 紧张地
at low pressure 悠闲地
put pressure on (upon) sb. 给某人施加压力
= bring pressure on (upon) sb.
They put pressure on me to sell my precious land.
= They brought pressure on me to sell my precious land.
他们给我施加压力，叫我卖了我珍贵的土地。
under the pressure of 在…逼迫下，在…压力下
pressure cooker 压力锅
press v.
压，按
eg. press the button 按按钮
The bag pressed hard against my back. 袋子重重压在我的背上。
催促（某人），强迫（某人）
eg. Please, don’t press me. 请不要催我。
He pressed his father to buy him a car. 他强迫爸爸给他买辆汽车。
press for higher wages 要求提高工资
press for reforms 逼迫改革
★extent n. 程度
程度，限度
eg. to some extent 在某种程度上
= to a certain extent
to a great extent 大部分，大大地
= to a large extent
I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge.
我对他的知识程度感到惊讶。
to the extent that 到…程度
= to such an extent that
宽度，大小
eg. a vast extent of land 广大的土地
The road is about 20 miles in extent. 这条路大约有20英里长。
From the hill we can see the full extent of the town.
从山丘上可以看到城市的全景。
★volunteer v. 自动提出，自愿
(1) v. 自动申请去做，自动请求去做
eg. volunteer help 自动提供援助
volunteer to do sth. 自动去做某事
The man volunteered to stop the drunken men from fighting.
这个人自动提出去劝阻别人打架。
volunteer for the army 志愿从军
I volunteer for his election campaign.
对他的选举活动我志愿助一臂之力。
① vt. &vi. 自愿，自动提出，自愿提供
Some college students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts.
After the fire, many people volunteered their services.
Frank has volunteered for the army.
② n. 自愿参加者，志愿者
Are there any volunteers for a try 有自愿试一试的人吗？
n. 志愿者
eg. Are there any volunteers for the event 这件事有志愿者吗？
★gratitude n. 感激
反义词：ingratitude n. 不感激
eg. I’d like to express my gratitude to you for your advice.
对于你的意见，我想表达我的感激。
out of gratitude 出于感激
with gratitude 感谢地
★Press n. 新闻界
新闻界
eg. freedom of the press 新闻（出版）的自由
the daily press 日报
(2) 记者群，报道组的阵容
eg. The president will meet the press this evening.
总统将在今晚会见记者。
The press was/were shut out from the summit meeting.
在高级会议上记者被拒之门外。
出版社
eg. Oxford University Press 牛津大学出版社
press conference 记者招待会
press release 新闻稿
press agency 通讯社
press agent 广告代理，宣传员
★object v. 不赞成，反对
(1) v. 反对，提出异议，讨厌
eg. The boss doesn’t object if you smoke in his office.
老板并不讨厌别人在他办公室里吸烟。
object to 反对，讨厌（to是介词）
Some members of the committee objected to our proposal.
委员会的一些成员反对我们的提议。
He objects to being treated like a child. 他反对被像小孩一样对待。
object that 提出异议
They objected that the schedule was too tight.
他们提出异议说这个计划太紧张了。
n. 东西，物体
eg. I could see a shining object in the sky. 我看到天上有个东西闪闪发光。
What’s that strange object in the box 盒子里那个奇怪的东西是什么？
对象，目标 = aim/purpose
eg. an object of interest 有趣的东西
an object of pity 同情的对象
His object in life is to become rich. 他的人生目标就是变得富有。
What’s the object of your visit 你来访的目标是什么呢？
objection n. 反对，异议，不服
eg. Do you have any objections 你有任何反对意见吗？
He raised an objection to what I proposed.
他对我的建议提出反对意见。
I’ve got no objections to his going there.
我不反对他去那儿。
【Text】
Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the students are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. The students are going to take the test in two days' time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!
参考译文
公共汽车司机决定下星期罢工。罢工定于星期二开始，谁也不知道会持续多久。司机们声称此次罢工将一直持续到就工资和工作条件问题达成全面协议的时候为止。多数人认为此次罢工至少会持续一个星期。很多私人汽车的车主正准备为乘车上班的人们提供“免费乘车”的服务，这将在某种程度上减轻对火车的压力。与此同时，有一部分大学生自愿在罢工期间驾驶公共汽车。所有的学生都是开车的能手，但在驾驶公共汽车之前，他们必须通过一项专门测验。学生们准备在两天后就接受测验。即使这样，人们仍会感到上班有困难。但到目前为止，公众已经向新闻界写信表达他们对学生们的感激之情了。只有一两个人提出反对意见，说学生们会把车开得太快！
【课文讲解】
1、Busmen have decided to go on strike next week.
go on strike 举行罢工
be on strike 在罢工
2、The strike is due to begin on Tuesday.
due adj. 预定的，约定的
eg. be due to do sth. 定于（某时做某事）
The plane is due (to arrive) in London at 9 o’clock.
He is new novel is due next month. 他的新小说预定下月出版。
到期的，期满的
He didn’t pay the rent when it was due. 他没有到期付房租。
be due to +n. 由于……，因为……
eg. The game was postponed due to rain. 比赛由于下面的缘故延期了。
due to 归因于，归咎于
eg. Her world-wide fame is due to his support.
她的举世闻名归因于他的支持。
The accident is due to your careless driving.
事故要归因于你的粗心驾驶。
No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions.
last 延续，持续
general agreement 全面协议
Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week.
at least 至少
5、Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work.
offer
提供…，提出议案，推举
eg. offer a bribe to 向…行贿
offer to do 建议将做
He offered to help us 他建议帮助我们。
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某人提供某事物
She offered him a cup of tea. 她向他冲了杯茶。
= She offered a cup of tea to him.
(卖方对买方)开价(出售物品)
eg. She offered $800 for the antique print. 这幅古画他开价800美金。
He offered an old camera at a reasonable price.
他以合理的价格出售了一个旧相机。
free rides 免费乘车
free adj. 免费的，不要钱的；无税的，免税的（无比较级变化）
eg. duty free 免税的
a free ticket to the concert 音乐会免费入场券
ride n. 骑，乘
eg. Could you give me a ride 我能搭个车吗？
An hour’s ride in the bus will take you to your destination.
一小时的车程后你将到达目的地。
rider n. 骑马的人，坐车的人，骑手
6、This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent.
to some extent = to a certain extent 在某种程度上
Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive
buses while the strike lasts.
volunteer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
last
adj. 最后的
eg. You are the last one I want to see. 你是我最不想见的人。
v. 持续
eg. The war lasted (for) 8 years. 战争持续了8年。
All the students are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.
a special test 一项专门的测试
The students are going to take the test in two days' time.
take the test 接受考试
pass the test 考试及格
make a test = carry out a test 进行实验
in two days’ time = in two days 两天之后
Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work.
find it difficult to get to work中it是形式宾语，diffcult是宾语补足语， to get to work是真正的宾语（避免头重脚轻现象）。
eg. He thought it easy to pass the examination. 他以为通过考试很容易。
（it是形式宾语，easy是宾补，to pass the examination是真正的宾语）
He considered it wrong that she should have to wait.
他认为她不得不等待是不对的。
（it是形式宾语，wrong是宾补，that从句是真正的宾语）
I feel it right that he should be punished.
我认为他应该受到惩罚。
（it是形式宾语，right是宾补，that从句是真正的宾语）
I think it wrong for people to behave like that.
我认为人们那样做是不对的。
(it是形式宾语，wrong是宾补，to behave like that是真正的宾语）
But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press.
public adj. 公开的
the public 公众，大众
in public 公开地
12、Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!
only adv. 仅仅
（only修饰主语，放在句首，句子的谓语并不用倒装语序。）
eg. Only you can do it. 只有你能做这件事情。
Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation here.
只有用这种方式，你才有机会改善这儿的处境。
（only + 状语放句首，句子的谓语采用倒装语序。）
object that… 提出异议，反对
eg. They objected that the book was too difficult for them.
object to 名词/动名词 反对，不喜欢，不赞成
eg. A lot of people object to smoking in public places.
eg. Do you object to my sitting beside you
【Special Difficulties】
it作先行宾语
在主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语的句型中，常用it作先行宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式或从句：
People are going to find it difficult to get to work.
常用这种结构的动词有：find，think，consider，feel，make，keep等：
She felt it right for them to arrest the thief.
They consider it impossible to finish the work in three days.
【Summary Writing】
The busmen’s strike, which begins on Tuesday, may last a week. Because of this, car owners have offered to give rides to people going to work. University students, too, have volunteered to drive busesbut they will have to pass a special test. Though it will be difficult to get to work, the public is grateful to the students. Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast.
Because of the busmen’s strike, which begins on Tuesday and may last a week, car owners have offered to give rides to people going to work. University students who have volunteered to drive buses will have to pass a special test. Despite the fact that it will be difficult to get to work, the public is grateful to the students, except for one or two people who have objected that they will drive too fast.