新概念英语二册超详讲义笔记Lesson 71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟

Lesson 71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟
【New words and expressions】（9）
parliament n. 议会，国会
erect v. 建起
accurate adj. 准确的
official n. 官员，行政人员
Greenwich n. 格林尼治
observatory n. 天文台
check v. 检查
microphone n. 扩音器，麦克风
tower n. 塔
parliament n. 议会，国会（英）
congress 议会，国会（美）
eg. member of parliament (MP) （英）国会议员
congressman (美)国会男议员
congresswoman (美)国会女议员
erect v. 建起
（1）v.建起，建造 = set up = put up = build
eg. They are planning to erect a monument.
他们正在计划建一个纪念碑。
（2）v. 竖立，使直立
eg. erect a flagpole 竖立旗杆
erect a tent 搭起帐篷
elect 选举
erupt 爆发，（火山）喷发
accurate adj. 准确无误的
反义词：inaccurate adj.不准确的
eg. an accurate clock 精确的钟表
an accurate map 精确的地图
accurate figures 准确的数字
an accurate report 正确的报导
Is your watch accurate 你的表准吗
He is accurate in his judgement. 他的判断准确无误。
He is accurate at figures. 他的计算准确无误。
to be accurate 正确的说
accurately adv. 精确地，准确地
accuracy n. [u] 精确，准确
inaccuracy n. 不精确，不准确
eg. I began to doubt the accuracy of his statement.
我开始怀疑他陈述的准确性。
with accuracy = accurately 正确地
official n. 官员，行政人员
（1）n. 官员，行政人员
eg. government officials 政府官员
a public official 公务员
a city official 市政府官员
（2）adj. 官方的，公务（上）的；正式的
eg. an official residence 官邸
an official duty 公务
The statement is not official. 这个声明是非正式的。
officially adv. 官方地，正式地
office n. 办公室
officer n. 官员，军官
Greenwich n. 格林尼治(伦敦交区，由此开始计算经度)
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Greenwich Observatory 格林尼治天文台
sandwich 三明治
sandwich generation 上有老，下有小的一代
observatory n. 天文台
check v. 检查
(1)v. 检查，查核，核对
eg. have the clock checked 找人检查大钟
check the copy against the original 将副本与正本核对一下
The inspector checked my tickets. 查票员检查我的票
Let’s check your answers. 让我们检查你的答案。
Please check on the names at the information desk.
请到服务台查对一下姓名。
(2) v. 阻止，抑制住，制止
eg. We should check the spread of the disease. 我们应该抑制住疾病的蔓延。
check in （旅馆）入住登记
check out 付账离开
check-out 付款处（尤指超市）
check-list 点名册
(3) n. 查核，核对，检查
eg. an engine check 引擎检查
make a check on the quality 检查品质
(4) n. (美)支票（英cheque）
eg. Write a cheque for 10,000 dollars. 开一张1万美元的支票。
checkbook 支票簿
(5) n. 格子
eg. check pattern 格子图案
microphone n. 扩音器，麦克风
micro-前缀 微小的
micro-economy 微观经济
micro-biology 微生物学
macro-前缀 宏大的
macro-economy 宏观经济
tower n. 塔
n. 塔
eg. tower-block 塔楼，高层建筑
water tower 水塔
the Eiffel Tower 艾菲尔铁塔
the Tower of london 伦敦塔
a clock tower 钟楼
a television tower 电视塔
v.高耸，超越
eg. The high mountains towered over the village.
高山耸立，俯视着村庄。
【Text】
When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
参考译文
当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。“大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。此钟不仅外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上接了麦克风。“大本”钟很多出差错。然而有一次，它却把时间报错。在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！
【课文讲解】
1、When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.
you will see是个定语从句修饰things
the famous clock 是个同位语
which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C是个定语从句，修饰clock
the B.B.C. = British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司
2、If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.
本句是if条件句，对过去时作相反假设
the Houses of Parliament 国会大厦（英国议会是由上议院（House of Lords）和下议院（House of Commons）组成）
burn down （使）烧成平地，烧毁
eg. The hospital was burned down last month.
3、Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.
take one’s name from 以……命名
name
eg. in the name of 以…名义
make a name for oneself 扬名
name sb. to do sth. 指名（某人）去做某事
Sir用于英国人的全名（或名字）之前时表示“爵士”（不单独用于姓之前），如Sir John Gilbert（约翰.吉尔伯特爵士）或Sir John（约翰爵士），但不能称为Sir Gilbert。
who was reponsible for the making of the clock定语从句修饰Sir Benjamin Hall
be responsible for 对……需负责任/承担责任的
= be in charge of
eg. Who is responsible for the accident
John is responsible for the building of the bridge.
-ing形式前面无冠词时可直接跟宾语：making the clock；-ing前有冠词时则其后不能直接跟宾语，而必须用of：the making of the clock。
4、It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.
to be of + n. 表示人或物的特征
eg. This diamond is of great value. 这颗钻石极其贵重。
Your advice is of great importance. 你的意见极其重要。
immense
adj. 巨大的，极大的，广大的
eg. an immense building 巨大的建筑(体积上的)
an immense territory 巨大的领土（面积上的）
The man left an immense fortune. 这人留下一大笔财富。（数量上的）
adj. (口)绝妙的，极好的
eg. That play was an immense success. 那出戏是个巨大的成功。
not only … but … as well 不但…，而且…
= not only … but also
5、Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.
official n. 公务员
adj. 官方的
have the clock checked 派人校正这个钟
have sth. done 派人做…，请人做…
twice a day 每天两次
once a day 每天一次
once a week 每周一次
6、On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.
be connected to 把…与…连接(被动语态)
= be connected with
connect…to… 把…与…连接(主动语态)
= connect…with…
connect + n. (将电话)转接给…，连接
be connected with 与…有（亲戚）关系
7、Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.
wrong
adv.
eg. go wrong （机器等）发生故障，出毛病
adv. 失败，不好，不顺利
eg. Everything went wrong in those days.
那些日子一切都不顺利。
adv. 错误地，不正确地
eg. He answered wrong. 他答错了。
I have spelt her name wrong. 我把她名字拼错了。
adj. 错误的，不正确的
eg. wrong number 错误的数字
Something is wrong with… 某事出错了
n. 不正当的行为，坏事
eg. be in the wrong 不对，错了
do a person wrong 虐待、冤枉某人
= do wrong to a person
8、Once, however, it failed to give the correct time.
fail to do 没能做某事
9、A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
hang (hung – hung)
v. 悬挂，吊
eg. She hung curtains over the window 她在窗上挂了窗帘。
A picture is hung on the wall. 墙上挂了一幅画。
v.处（人）绞刑，上吊 （hanged – hanged）
eg. The murderer was hanged. 谋杀犯被绞死了。
He hanged himself. 他上吊自杀了。
a pot of 一锅
hand 针
the second hand 秒针，二手的
the minute hand 分针
the hour hand 时针
slow down （使……）慢下来/减速（可分开使用）（slow v. 使减速）
a slow train 慢车（slow adj. 缓慢的）
at a slow pace 以缓慢的步伐
a slow pupil 理解力差的学生
eg. Slow and steady wins the race. 欲速则不达。
= Slow but steady wins the race.
【Key Structures】
过去完成进行时
构成：had + been + doing
含义：The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to
rain. 到下雨为止，已经拨种整整一个月了。
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
eg. If the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.
要是当时英国人不是害怕侵略的话，隧道早就完工了。
情态动词
must 必须（主观）
have to 不得不（客观）
ought to 应该
should do 应该
should have done 本应该做某事
ought to have done 一定做过某事
= must have done
现在分词、动名词的被动语态
构成：being + done
having been + done
将来完成时
构成：will have + done
eg. By the time you read this, the Hubble’s eagle eye will have sent us
thousands of wonderful pictures.
在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中间，只能用一般现在时来表达将来时，即“主将从现”。
eg. The moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise.
have sth. done
eg. They will need to have three of the engines rebuilt.
【Special Difficulties】
Official, Employee and Shop assistant
official n. 官员，公务员，高级官员
Bank officials get high salaries.
Before he retired, Jeremy had been a government/city official.
employee n. 雇员，雇工（包括各个层次的）
Later he became a government employee.
shop assistant 零售店的店员（美语中用salesclerk）
The shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
Hang/Hung and Hang/Hanged
hang（hung，hung） vt. 悬挂
I’m hanging this picture on the wall.
hang（hanged，hanged） vt. 绞死，吊死，上吊
As he has murdered three men, he ought to be hanged.
I wonder why she hanged herself.