河北省2024届高三上学期9月开学检测英语试题（含解析 无听力音频 无听力原文）
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| 名称 | 河北省2024届高三上学期9月开学检测英语试题（含解析 无听力音频 无听力原文） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-09-25 19:19:43 | ||
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绝密★启用前
河北省2024届高三年级开学检测
英 语
本试卷共8页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.本试卷由四个部分组成，其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题，第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。
2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考场、座位号、考生号填写在答题卡上。
3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who did David visit on holiday
A. His friends. B. His parents. C. His relatives.
2. Where are the speakers
A. In a shop. B. In a library. C. In a train station.
3. What does the woman worry about
A. A taxi. B. The money. C. Her dictionary.
4. What was the man busy doing
A. Travelling. B. Visiting friends. C. Doing homework.
5. What does the woman ask the man to do
A. Choose a major. B. Prepare his exam. C. Help her with maths.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the man want to be a doctor
A. To go to big cities.
B. To work for people in the village.
C. To help his parents live a better life.
7. What is the woman’s plan
A. To learn architecture.
B. To read a lot of books.
C. To become a professor.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is directly responsible for the extinction of animal species
A. Polluted air. B. Global warming. C. A shortage of drinking water.
9. How will we save the earth
A. Be friendly to sea life. B. Stop using plastic bags. C. Eat more green vegetables.
听第8段材料、回答第10至13题。
10. How does the man find the machines in the gym
A. Hard to choose. B. Safe to use. C. Simple to start.
11. What does every machine have
A. Instructions. B. Trainers. C. Price.
12. When is the gym busy
A. In the evening. B. In the afternoon. C. In the morning.
13. How often will the man probably go to the gym
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What does the woman think of science
A. Easy to learn. B. Far from daily life. C. Useful in solving problems.
15. What does the woman want to know
A. The entire world.
B. The importance of science.
C. The most valuable inventions of science.
16. What is probably the topic of the dialogue
A. A hobby. B. A major. C. A dream.
17. What is probably the relationship between the two speakers
A. Wife and husband. B. Teacher and student. C. Conductor and passenger.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When did Alfred Nobel die
A. October 21, 1833. B. December 10, 1896. C. December 10, 1901.
19. How much prize did Tu Youyou probably get from the 2015 Nobel Prize
A. One third. B. One fourth. C. The total sum.
20. Who is probably the speaker
A. A professor. B. A driver. C. A musician.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
With its Victorian charm and windswept beauty, Block Island appeals to both outdoorsy travelers who want to hike, bike, boat and explore and to those who simply want to abandon reality back on the mainland.
See Mohegan Bluffs
As dramatic as any scenery in New England, the Mohegan Bluffs are 150-foot cl ay cliffs on the south side of Block Island. Unforgettable Atlantic Ocean views await those who descend a wooden staircase more than 140 steps to the sliver of sand below. The only protection you’ll need when you go to this spot is sunscreen.
ADDRESS: 121 Mohegan Trail, New Shoreham, RI 02807, USA
PHONE +1 401-466-5009
Climb to the Top of Southeast Light
Block Island’s Southeast Light seemed doomed to fall into the sea. Erosion threatened this 1874 brick beacon until it was safely moved in land in 1993. The lighthouse’s small museum is open free to the public between Memorial Day weekend and the second Monday in October, and for a fee, you can often venture to the top of the tower on a tour: the 360-degree island views are worth it.
ADDRESS: 122 Mohegan Trail, New Shoreham, RI 02807, USA
PHONE: +1 401-466-5009
Meet Exotic Animals
At Abrams’ Animal Farm, you can meet a variety of animals from abroad. This free mini/zoo is popular with families. Be sure to wander over to nearby North Light Fibers, where friendly alpacas（羊驼）are also eager to meet you.
ADDRESS: 1 Spring St, New Shoreham, RI 02807, USA
PHONE: +1 401-466-2421
Paddle the Great Salt Pond
To fully appreciate Block Island’s ecological wonders, you’ll want to get out on the water. Pond and Beyond Kayak offers two-and-a-half-hour small group ecotours of the Great/Salt Pond that are perfect for even inexperienced paddlers. You’ll be able to ask questions and hear local insights, in addition to spying on wildlife and oyster farms.
ADDRESS: 216 Ocean Ave, New Shoreham, RI 02807-7710, USA
PHONE: +1 401-578-2773
21. Where can you enjoy the 360-degree island views
A. Mohegan Bluffs. B. The Top of Southeast Light.
C. Abrams’ Animal Farm. D. The Great Salt Pond.
22. If your family want to visit a free mini zoo, which address will you go to
A. 121 Mohegan Trail, New Shoreham. B. 122 Mohegan Trail, New Shoreham.
C. 1 Spring St, New Shoreham. D. 216 Ocean Ave, New Shoreham.
23. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A story. B. A magazine. C. A textbook. D. A guidebook.
B
Dangerous drivers can be anywhere. Drunk, sleepy and distracted driving can sometimes end tragically, notes Jeesung Lee, 17. This rising high-school junior in South Korea attends St. Johnsbury Academy Jeju. He wondered whether AI could help warn people of such drivers. A system he’s designed can now warn drivers when other drivers near them are acting dangerously.
Jeesung’s system can find cars traveling at dangerous speeds or suddenly switching lanes（车道）. His computer program then sends a message to cellphones in the area. It can text drivers to watch out. Live video surveys many major roads around the globe, often for traffic reports, especially to assess what happened after an accident occurs, Jeesung notes. His AI-based program instead aims to head off accidents.
It monitors streaming video in real time. Jeesung trained his computer program with publicly available videos showing car accidents. He then tested his system using video it hadn’t seen. It correctly identified dangerous driving some 80 percent of the time, the teen now reports. It also sends out warnings less than two seconds after spotting risky driving.
You can’t get those warnings just yet. To do so, Jeesung wants to use GPS to pinpoint the locations of phone users. That would require permission from South Korea’s government, he notes. But the system should prove quick and reliable, Jeesung says. And it should cost little, he adds. It needs no additional hardware. And his system can be used with existing cameras.
Car accidents are a lending course of death and injuries. Jeesung hopes a system like his can limit these. He sims to continue improving and testing the system in Jeju and eventually go global.
24. What caused Jeesung to design the system
A. Feeling sleepy in class. B. Playing computer games.
C. Seeing dangerous drivers. D. Acting wrongly after drinking.
25. What is the purpose of Jeesung’s design
A. To speed up cars. B. To stop accidents.
C. To report accidents. D. To survey main roads.
26. What can we infer from paragraph 4
A. The system will be cheap.
B. Existing hardware is of little use.
C. Jeesung can know the locations of phone users.
D. South Korea’s government has given Jeesung permission.
27. What can we learn about Jeesung
A. He is warm-hearted. B. He is ambitious.
C. He has a lot of money. D. He has an expensive car.
C
We usually hear the term addiction used when talking about drugs or alcohol. But researchers are finding that certain foods can trigger（引发）the same feelings as drugs. It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical in our brain. Drugs and alcohol can cause a similar high. So, it turns out, can some popular snack foods.
“We’re designed to find carbohydrates（碳水化合物）and fats reinforcing,” says Ashley Gearhardt. She’s a psychologist. “Evolving（进化）such tastes helped our ancestors overcome famine when we couldn’t find enough to eat and make sure we survive,” she explains. That critical role shaped the brain’s reward system, making us hard-wired to enjoy carbohydrates and fatty foods.
The problem isn’t with all foods containing carbohydrates and fats. Fruit is full of sugar. Oats and other whole grains have lots of carbohydrates. Nuts and meat have fat. But such unprocessed foods—eaten in a form that’s similar to how they grew—also contain other nutrients, such as fiber, that slow digestion. That limits how quickly our bodies can absorb the nutrients. Cookies, candy, soda, fries and other highly processed foods lack those additional nutrients. Such foods contain ingredients that have been highly changed from their natural state. They’re full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and added fats. What’s more, they often contain ingredients that don’t naturally occur together. “Sugar and fat don’t come together in nature,” Gearhardt says. But highly processed foods often “have unnaturally high levels of both carbohydrates and fat.” When we eat these foods, we get a quick “hit” of carbohydrates and fats that give the brain a boost. That makes us want to eat them again and again.
“Pay attention to what you eat,” Gearhardt says. “It’s best to get plenty of nutritious foods for your mind and body. That doesn’t mean you can’t have a donut or pizza now and. then. Just be sure you’re aware of what you’re eating.”
28. What directly makes us happy according to paragraph 1
A. Addiction to foods. B. Snack foods.
C. Chemical in our brain. D. Some alcohol.
29. What does the underlined word “famine” in paragraph 2 mean
A. A lack of food. B. A lot of difficulty.
C. Enemies. D. Diseases.
30. What do we know about carbohydrates and fats
A. Cookies have less carbohydrates and fats.
B. Unprocessed foods have more carbohydrates and fats.
C. Humans are born to be tired of carbohydrates and fats.
D. Processed foods have unnatural carbohydrates and fats.
31. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Aware of Unprocessed Food B. Avoid Unprocessed Food
C. Eating Habits D. Snack Food Addiction
D
Ocean water can be used to cool buildings. This idea could help cities reduce their carbon footprint and slow climate change. Although plentiful, ocean water is too salt y to drink. But it could serve as an important and still largely untapped resource for many coastal cities. The idea came to Zi Zhang shortly after she moved from Michigan to Hong Kong a few years ago to get a PhD in engineering.
In 2013, Hong Kong built a system that used seawater to cool part of the city. The system pumps cold seawater into a plant with heat exchangers. The seawater absorbs heat to chill（冷却）pipes full of circulating water. That chilled water then flows into buildings to cool their rooms. This type of system tends to use far less energy than typical air conditioners. Zhang wondered: How much water and energy had this way saved Hong Kong And why weren’t other coastal cities doing this Zhang and her team set out for answers. The group focused on Hong Kong and two other big coastal cities: Jeddah and Miami. The idea was to see what it might look like if all three adopted city-wide saltwater systems. The cities’climates were quite different. But all three were densely populated, which should minimize some costs.
All three places would save lots of freshwater, the researchers found. Miami could save 16 percent of the freshwater it uses each year. Hong Kong, with more non-drinking-water needs, was saving up to 28 percent. Estimated energy savings ranged from just 3 percent in Jeddah to 11 percent in Miami. These savings came from the more efficient saltwater air conditioning. Also, the cities would need less energy to treat salt y wastewater than they have been using to treat sewage now.
Though costly to build, saltwater-cooling systems could pay off in the long run for many cities. And because these systems use so much less electricity, they’re greener and emit（排放）less carbon-rich greenhouse gases. Scientists refer to this as a type of decarbonization（脱碳）.
32. What is Zi Zhang’s idea about sea water in paragraph 1
A. Using sea water to cook.
B. Using ocean water to cool buildings.
C. Using sea water to stop climate change.
D. Using ocean water get rid of carbon footprint.
33. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The functions of sea water. B. The energy use in buildings.
C. The purpose of Zi Zhang’s research. D. Hong Kong’s sea water use system.
34. What is the aim of using numbers in paragraph 3
A. To prove Zi Zhang’s idea. B. To attract readers’ attention.
C. To show the writer’s caution. D. To explain Zi Zhang’s theory.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward the research
A. Objective. B. Ignorant. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Good note-taking can be very important to academic and professional success. 36 However, you may not be sure how to take notes. To do so, use note-taking techniques for written texts or presentations such as lectures, seminars（研讨会）, and meetings.
37 Keep your notes organized by writing important details at the top of each page. Include information such as the date, bibliographic（书目的）information, and page number of your notes. Noting details can make it easier for you to return to your notes and get important information.
Use your own language. 38 Avoid noting anything in the text verbatim, or word for word, unless it is a phrase or quote you may later use. Taking notes in your own words actively engages your brain, helps you better understand the text, makes you more likely to retain the information, and may minimize the risk of plagiarism（剽窃）.
Develop your own system of signs and abbreviations that can help you more quickly take notes and review them. 39
Skip lines on the paper for later review. As you write your keywords and ideas down, leave space between each line. 40 This helps you quickly have and identify all of the relevant material to that keyword or thought.
A. Note details at the top of your paper.
B. Notes can help you finish projects properly and pass tests.
C. Write down key facts, ideas, and details in your own words.
D. Summarize what you’ve written on the page in 2-4 sentences.
E. Think about the text you’re reading or the lecture you’re listening to.
F. For example, “SM” for “scientific method,” or “GH” for “gender history.”
G. Having extra room allows you to make additional notes that you may not understand.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Kevin Hyde, who has been sailing his whole life, recently invited Joe DiTommasso to Florida on his sailboat. The first part of their 41 went well, and they stopped for a 42 in the Outer Banks.
That’s where things went 43 . Suddenly they found themselves inside a heavy storm at sea. “I’ve never heard winds so bad my whole life!” Joe 44 . As the ocean churned（剧烈翻滚）around them, the 50-foot mast（桅杆）of the sailboat 45 , and their radios didn’t 46 either, leaving them at the mercy of the stormy sea.
When Kevin and Joe’s families 47 touch with them, they reported them missing to the Coast Guard. Soon, a full 48 began, but rescuers weren’t even sure which 49 to start looking for them.
Floating for days with no mast, gas, or electricity, Kevin and Joe prayed for 50 . By the 10th day at sea, they were feeling more 51 than ever.
Just when it seemed that all was lost, they got 52 from a huge international ship called the Silver Muna. 53 , an attentive crew member 54 the tiny sailboat. Captain Neeraj Chaudhary immediately stopped his ship. Rescuing the men was exciting for all involved and even the ship’s captain cried when the men were 55 aboard his ship.
41. A. friendship B. journey C. life D. day
42. A. meal B. discussion C. rest D. plan
43. A. wrong B. bad C. wild D. smooth
44. A. recalled B. shouted C. thought D. smelled
45. A. broke away B. broke in C. broke out D. broke off
46. A. reply B. work C. stop D. escape
47. A. kept B. found C. left D. lost
48. A. behavior B. search C. discover D. invention
49. A. person B. boat C. direction D. radio
50. A. rescue B. food C. water D. free
51. A. lucky B. regretful C. excited D. desperate
52. A. attacks B. help C. emails D. letters
53. A. Luckily B. Sorrowfully C. Interestingly D. Patiently
54. A. studied B. designed C. destroyed D. spotted
55. A. blown B. expanded C. pulled D. exported
第二节（共 10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, the 56 （tradition）solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. The solar terms 57 （create）thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. Solar term culture is still useful today to guide people’s lives.
Start of Autumn 58 （reflect）the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. Although autumn just begins, hot weather will not come to 59 end. The period of hot days after Start of Autumn, usually 60 （last）for 30 days, is called “Autumn Tiger.” Because of decreasing precipitation（降水）, it is even 61 （hot）during this period than during Major Heat.
On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually people will weigh 62 （them）and compare their weight to 63 it was at the Start of Summer. If one has lost weight during the summer, then at the beginning of autumn, he 64 she needs to eat many different kinds of delicious food, especially meat.
In Shandon g province, people make dumplings during the Start of Autumn, and they call it “Eating the Autumn”. On the day of Start of Autumn, senior 65 （member）of the family will stand in the middle of the hall, praying for the harvest in autumn.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华。请给你在美国的好友Bob写一封邮件。介绍你在假期中学到的一项生存技能或生活技能。内容包括：1.技能的名称：2.如何学的；3.学习感悟。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bob,
How is everything going _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The two kids were whispering. Their dad, Jason, could hear them, but they didn’t know that. Jason listened intently.
“…and now I can’t sleep,” he heard his daughter say. “It’s okay, Ashley. Mom and Dad are sleeping. I’ll help you,” Todd said. “Thanks,” said Ashley.
Jason silently opened his bedroom door. His wife was asleep, and he decided not to wake her up. He watched as the two slinked（溜）down the stairs. He followed, unseen, unheard. The kids went to the living room. He watched as his son, Todd, put a blanket on the floor. He watched as Todd arranged the couch pillows on the blanket, against the couch. Ashley sat on the blanket and held her favorite teddy bear.
“I’ll be right back,” whispered Todd. Jason held still as Todd went to the kitchen. He quietly watched as Todd carefully made two peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. And he watched as Todd went back to the living room and sweetly handed his sister a sandwich. Ashley gave Todd a smile. Jason wondered what show the kids would watch on television so late at night. He decided to find out before making his presence known. He did not expect to see what he saw next.
Ashley turned on a small flashlight. Todd picked up a book that Jason hadn’t noticed before. One of the two had carried it downstairs. “Okay, Ashley, this was one of my favorites when I was little,” said Todd. Jason smiled in his hiding place in the dark. Todd was only nine. He watched, unable and not wanting to look away. Todd read in a voice just above a whisper while Ashley sat and listened and very quietly chewed. Her head rested on her brother’s shoulder, and she looked so peaceful. Could these really be the same children who had been fighting only a few hours earlier
Todd read another book, which Jason had also not seen earlier. Then Todd said, “That’s/all we can do, Ashley. My teacher said we have to get at least eight hours of sleep. Give me a second to eat my sandwich, okay ”
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右。
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Jason saw the brother was making sure that he did what his teacher said. _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jason went quietly into his room and opened his journal. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高三年级开学检测——英语答案与解析
听力答案及听力材料
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A
11. A 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. A
Text 1
W: Hi, David. Where did you go on holiday
M: I went to Beijing with my parents.
W: What did you do there
M: We visited the Great Wall and some relatives!
Text 2
M: Look at this one, Lucy. I really like it and it’s cheap as well.
W: That is the right size. Put it back on the hanger and let’s go and pay for it.
Text 3
M: What is wrong with you You look so upset.
W: I left my dictionary in a taxi, and I am anxious whether I can get it back. You know, my mother bought it for me last week.
Text 4
W: So school has started again and how was your holiday
M: I had a busy time. I wanted to travel and visit my friends in my hometown but I had to finish all of the homework.
Text 5
M: Hi Sally. How are you
W: I am fine, what about you
M: Yeah fine. What about your preparation for the upcoming annual exam
W: Pretty good, but I am struggling with mathematics. I hope you can help me before the exam.
Text 6
W: Why do you want to become a doctor
M: Actually I am from a tiny village. I spent my early childhood there and I have seen the village life from so close. People suffer a lot because of lacking good doctors. Still, there are lots of problems. I want to work for them.
W: That’s a noble reason.
M: Yeah, my parents are encouraging me to become a doctor and they are going to help as much as they can. What are you going to be
W: I have a plan to study on architecture. I think I am pretty good at design and drawings. I have a dream to work in the construction industry too.
M: That’s an amazing plan. What is the reason behind choosing this particular profession
W: I am not sure, I just like it. And I am reading lots of books related to the architect and the basics. I think I am going to enjoy the profession. I love it by the way.
Text 7
M: I think we need to be careful about water mostly. We will face a shortage of drinking water. So we need to stop wasting and polluting the water.
W: Yeah, that’s also true for air pollution. Have you seen the data on global warming
M: Yes, global warming is true and some people don’t even believe it. We need to be careful and stop polluting the environment. Otherwise, maybe mother earth will not be the same after 50 to 100 years. We have already spoiled many things.
W: I agree with you. many animal species have extincted from nature just because of huge changes in the climate. And global warming is directly responsible for that.
M: What do you think we should do to save the environment
W: First of all, we need to go green and stop using plastic materials. It’s a huge threat to sea life and it ruins the land.
M: I agree with you. It was great talking to you, dear.
Text 8
W: So, is this your first time using a gym
M: Yeah. I never thought about it before.
W: Let me show you around quickly. These are our strength-training machines.
M: You see, this is why I don’t like gyms. There are so many machines! I never know where to start.
W: That’s okay. It’s actually quite simple. Every machine has instructions, you see So it tells you which muscle group it targets, and explains how to do the exercise safely.
M: Do people normally use all the machines in a visit
W: It depends. If you want to build your muscle strength, then it’s better to focus on one body part each time you come.
M: Does it get busy
W: Yeah, in the evenings. If you can come in the middle of the day, it’s generally quite quiet.
M: Okay, so should I come every day
W: No, not necessarily! You need rest days as well. How often were you thinking of coming
M: I don’t know…Once or twice a week, maybe Is that enough
W: I’d say three times a week is better. If you only come once a week, you won’t really get much benefit from it.
M: Alright, I guess I’ll try.
Text 9
M: How are you, Jane
W: I am good. What about you, Sir
M: I am fine too. So I have heard you are so much interested to learn about science.
W: Yes sir. I was passionate about science from a very young age.
M: This is very good. I think every student should be like you. So what do you think is the most interesting thing about science
W: Science is inventing new things for making human life easy and simple. That’s what I love most about science. There are thousands of problems and science comes with a solution.
M: You are right. Science has a huge impact on our life. We are covered with science. Now we can’t decline the importance of science in our life.
W: Sir, what are the most valuable inventions of science
M: To them, computer, electricity, and motor engine are three biggest inventions and these three things have changed the entire world and brought lots of revolution in different times.
W: Oh yeah, I can understand now. Thank you so much, sir, for sharing.
Text 10
W: Dear class. This time I will tell you about the Nobel Prizes. Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833 in Sweden and died on December 10, 1896, in Italy. He founded the Nobel Prizes. The first distribution of the prizes took place on December 10, 1901, the fifth anniversary of Nobel’s death. After Nobel’s death, the Nobel Foundation was set up to carry out his will.
Each Nobel Prize consists of a gold medal, a document, and a sum of money, the amount of which depends on the income of the Nobel Foundation. A Nobel Prize is either given entirely to one person, divided equally between two persons, or shared by three persons. In the latter case, each of the three persons can receive a one-third share of the prize or two together can receive a one-half share.
Tu Youyou, a Chinese scientist, received the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, shared with one Japanese scientist and one American scientist.
A
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，介绍了美国 Block岛的4个景点。
21. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Climb to the Top of Southeast Light部分“...you can often venture to the top of the tower on a tour: the 360-degree island views are worth it.”的描述可知。
22. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据Meet Exotic Animals部分的“This free mini zoo is popular with families.”和“ADDRESS: 1 Spring St, New Shoreham, RI 02807, USA”的描述可知。
23. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第1段“...Block Island appeals to both outdoorsy travelers…”的描述可知。
B
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jeesung Lee设计预防车祸事故的系统的故事。
24. C 【解析】细节理解题。据第1段中的“Dangerous drivers can be anywhere. ...He wondered whether AI could help warn people of such drivers.”可知。
25. B 【解析】细节理解题。据第2段的“His AI-based program instead aims to head off accidents.”可知。
26. A 【解析】推理判断题。据第4段的“And it should cost little, he adds. It needs no additional hardware. And his system can be used with existing cameras.”可知。
27. B 【解析】推理判断题。据全文，尤其是最后1段中的“He aims to continue improving and testing the system in Jeju and eventually go global.”可知。
C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。分析了加工食物令人成瘾的原因。
28. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第1段的“It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical in our brain.”可知，C选项符合题意。
29. A 【解析】猜测词义题。根据第2段的“when we couldn’t find enough to eat and make sure we survive”可知。
30. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段的“Such foods contain ingredients that have been highly changed from their natural state. They’re full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and added fats.”和“have unnaturally high levels of both carbohydrates and fat.”可知。
31. A 【解析】标题。据全文，尤其是最后一段可知。
D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了利用海水减少碳足迹的问题。
32. B 【解析】细节理解题。据第1段的“Ocean water can be used to cool buildings. This idea...The idea came to Zi Zhang...”可知B项正确。
33. C 【解析】文章大意题。据第2段的“Zhang wondered...Zhang and her team set out for answers...The idea was to see...”可知答案为C。
34. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第3段的主题句“All three places would save lots of freshwater, the researchers found.”可知，A项正确。
35. D 【解析】推断观点态度题。据最段的“Though costly to build, saltwater-cooling systems could pay off in the long run for many cities.”可知D项正确。
七选五
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了如何做笔记。
36. B 【解析】逻辑关系题。据前面的“Good note-taking can be very important to academic and professional success.”可知。
37. A 【解析】逻辑关系题。考查主题句。据后一句“Keep your notes organized by writing important details at the top of each page.”及本段内容可知。
38. C 【解析】逻辑关系题，据主题句“Use your own language.”可知C项正确。
39. F 【解析】逻辑关系题。据前面的“Develop your own system of signs and abbreviations”可知F项正确。
40. G 【解析】逻辑关系题。据主题句“Skip lines on the paper for later review.”可知G项正确。
完形填空
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了海上遇险获救的故事。
41. B 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。据前面的“invited Joe Di Tommasso to Florida”可知。
42. C 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。据前面的“stopped”可知。
43. A 【解析】考查形容词及语境理解。据后面的“Suddenly they found themselves inside a heavy storm at sea.”可知。
44. A 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。前面的“I’ve never heard winds so bad my whole life！”是事后回忆的内容。
45. D 【解析】考查动词短语及语境理解。据后面的“leaving them at the mercy of the stormy sea”可知。
46. B 【解析】考查形容词及语境理解。据后面的“leaving them at the mercy of the stormy sea”可知。
47. D 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。与下文的“they reported them missing to the Coast Guard.”相呼应。
48. B 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。与后面的“but rescuers weren’t even sure...to start looking for them”相呼应。
49. C 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。与本句的前后呼应“but rescuers weren’t even sure which... to start looking for them”相呼应。
50. A 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。据前面的“but rescuers weren’t even sure...”可知。
51. D 【解析】考查形容词及语境理解。desperate的意思是“绝望的”，与前面的“Floating for days with no mast, gas, or electricity... By the 10th day at sea,”相呼应。
52. B 【解析】考查名及语境理解。得到“帮助”与后面的获救内容相呼应。
53. A 【解析】考查副词及语境理解。与下文的被海员发现相呼应。
54. D 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。与后面的“Captain Neeraj Chaudhary immediately stopped his ship.”相呼应。
55. C 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。与前面的“Rescuing the men was exciting for all involved...”相呼应。
语法填空
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了立秋的风俗。
56. traditional 【解析】考查词性转化。形容词traditional作定语。
57. were created 【解析】考查谓语动词的被动语态。
58. reflects 【解析】考查主谓一致。
59. an 【解析】考查固定搭配及冠词的用法。come to an end的意思是“结束了”。
60. lasting 【解析】考查现在分词做状语。
61. hotter 【解析】考查形容词比较级的用法。
62. themselves 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。
63. what 【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。
64. or 【解析】考查连词的用法。or的意思是“或者”。
65. members 【解析】考查可数名词的复数形式。
应用文写作
Dear Bob,
How is everything going I can’t wait to share with you what I learned during my summer holiday. I learned to swim. You may feel surprised that I began to learn it at this age. Right. It was really a challenge for me. I learned from a swimming class and my classmates there are so young. They learned fast but my coach was so nice and she encouraged to get familiar with water and then learned to float on water. Eventually I overcame the difficulties and now I can swim well. From this experience I understand more deeply the Chinese saying: never too late to learn.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
读后续写
Jason saw the brother was making sure that he did what his teacher said. Jason tried to hold his laugh. He watched the two kids pick up the blanket and the books, put the pillows back, and go quietly up the stairs. He waited a while before he went up the stairs to check on the kids. He found both of them were in their own beds, fast asleep. He even noticed the smiles on Ashley’s and Todd’s faces. They must have been in a beautiful dream.
Jason went quietly into his room and opened his journal. He turned on the lamp and was sure to keep the light on the lowest setting to avoid waking up his dear wife. He wrote: “Tonight I witnessed Todd being so good to Ashley...” he continued until he had put down everything he had just seen. Content, he put the journal away, turned off his lamp, and went to sleep. In his dream he saw his son and daughter growing up happily and taking good care of each other.
河北省2024届高三年级开学检测
英 语
本试卷共8页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.本试卷由四个部分组成，其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题，第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。
2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考场、座位号、考生号填写在答题卡上。
3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who did David visit on holiday
A. His friends. B. His parents. C. His relatives.
2. Where are the speakers
A. In a shop. B. In a library. C. In a train station.
3. What does the woman worry about
A. A taxi. B. The money. C. Her dictionary.
4. What was the man busy doing
A. Travelling. B. Visiting friends. C. Doing homework.
5. What does the woman ask the man to do
A. Choose a major. B. Prepare his exam. C. Help her with maths.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the man want to be a doctor
A. To go to big cities.
B. To work for people in the village.
C. To help his parents live a better life.
7. What is the woman’s plan
A. To learn architecture.
B. To read a lot of books.
C. To become a professor.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is directly responsible for the extinction of animal species
A. Polluted air. B. Global warming. C. A shortage of drinking water.
9. How will we save the earth
A. Be friendly to sea life. B. Stop using plastic bags. C. Eat more green vegetables.
听第8段材料、回答第10至13题。
10. How does the man find the machines in the gym
A. Hard to choose. B. Safe to use. C. Simple to start.
11. What does every machine have
A. Instructions. B. Trainers. C. Price.
12. When is the gym busy
A. In the evening. B. In the afternoon. C. In the morning.
13. How often will the man probably go to the gym
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What does the woman think of science
A. Easy to learn. B. Far from daily life. C. Useful in solving problems.
15. What does the woman want to know
A. The entire world.
B. The importance of science.
C. The most valuable inventions of science.
16. What is probably the topic of the dialogue
A. A hobby. B. A major. C. A dream.
17. What is probably the relationship between the two speakers
A. Wife and husband. B. Teacher and student. C. Conductor and passenger.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When did Alfred Nobel die
A. October 21, 1833. B. December 10, 1896. C. December 10, 1901.
19. How much prize did Tu Youyou probably get from the 2015 Nobel Prize
A. One third. B. One fourth. C. The total sum.
20. Who is probably the speaker
A. A professor. B. A driver. C. A musician.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
With its Victorian charm and windswept beauty, Block Island appeals to both outdoorsy travelers who want to hike, bike, boat and explore and to those who simply want to abandon reality back on the mainland.
See Mohegan Bluffs
As dramatic as any scenery in New England, the Mohegan Bluffs are 150-foot cl ay cliffs on the south side of Block Island. Unforgettable Atlantic Ocean views await those who descend a wooden staircase more than 140 steps to the sliver of sand below. The only protection you’ll need when you go to this spot is sunscreen.
ADDRESS: 121 Mohegan Trail, New Shoreham, RI 02807, USA
PHONE +1 401-466-5009
Climb to the Top of Southeast Light
Block Island’s Southeast Light seemed doomed to fall into the sea. Erosion threatened this 1874 brick beacon until it was safely moved in land in 1993. The lighthouse’s small museum is open free to the public between Memorial Day weekend and the second Monday in October, and for a fee, you can often venture to the top of the tower on a tour: the 360-degree island views are worth it.
ADDRESS: 122 Mohegan Trail, New Shoreham, RI 02807, USA
PHONE: +1 401-466-5009
Meet Exotic Animals
At Abrams’ Animal Farm, you can meet a variety of animals from abroad. This free mini/zoo is popular with families. Be sure to wander over to nearby North Light Fibers, where friendly alpacas（羊驼）are also eager to meet you.
ADDRESS: 1 Spring St, New Shoreham, RI 02807, USA
PHONE: +1 401-466-2421
Paddle the Great Salt Pond
To fully appreciate Block Island’s ecological wonders, you’ll want to get out on the water. Pond and Beyond Kayak offers two-and-a-half-hour small group ecotours of the Great/Salt Pond that are perfect for even inexperienced paddlers. You’ll be able to ask questions and hear local insights, in addition to spying on wildlife and oyster farms.
ADDRESS: 216 Ocean Ave, New Shoreham, RI 02807-7710, USA
PHONE: +1 401-578-2773
21. Where can you enjoy the 360-degree island views
A. Mohegan Bluffs. B. The Top of Southeast Light.
C. Abrams’ Animal Farm. D. The Great Salt Pond.
22. If your family want to visit a free mini zoo, which address will you go to
A. 121 Mohegan Trail, New Shoreham. B. 122 Mohegan Trail, New Shoreham.
C. 1 Spring St, New Shoreham. D. 216 Ocean Ave, New Shoreham.
23. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A story. B. A magazine. C. A textbook. D. A guidebook.
B
Dangerous drivers can be anywhere. Drunk, sleepy and distracted driving can sometimes end tragically, notes Jeesung Lee, 17. This rising high-school junior in South Korea attends St. Johnsbury Academy Jeju. He wondered whether AI could help warn people of such drivers. A system he’s designed can now warn drivers when other drivers near them are acting dangerously.
Jeesung’s system can find cars traveling at dangerous speeds or suddenly switching lanes（车道）. His computer program then sends a message to cellphones in the area. It can text drivers to watch out. Live video surveys many major roads around the globe, often for traffic reports, especially to assess what happened after an accident occurs, Jeesung notes. His AI-based program instead aims to head off accidents.
It monitors streaming video in real time. Jeesung trained his computer program with publicly available videos showing car accidents. He then tested his system using video it hadn’t seen. It correctly identified dangerous driving some 80 percent of the time, the teen now reports. It also sends out warnings less than two seconds after spotting risky driving.
You can’t get those warnings just yet. To do so, Jeesung wants to use GPS to pinpoint the locations of phone users. That would require permission from South Korea’s government, he notes. But the system should prove quick and reliable, Jeesung says. And it should cost little, he adds. It needs no additional hardware. And his system can be used with existing cameras.
Car accidents are a lending course of death and injuries. Jeesung hopes a system like his can limit these. He sims to continue improving and testing the system in Jeju and eventually go global.
24. What caused Jeesung to design the system
A. Feeling sleepy in class. B. Playing computer games.
C. Seeing dangerous drivers. D. Acting wrongly after drinking.
25. What is the purpose of Jeesung’s design
A. To speed up cars. B. To stop accidents.
C. To report accidents. D. To survey main roads.
26. What can we infer from paragraph 4
A. The system will be cheap.
B. Existing hardware is of little use.
C. Jeesung can know the locations of phone users.
D. South Korea’s government has given Jeesung permission.
27. What can we learn about Jeesung
A. He is warm-hearted. B. He is ambitious.
C. He has a lot of money. D. He has an expensive car.
C
We usually hear the term addiction used when talking about drugs or alcohol. But researchers are finding that certain foods can trigger（引发）the same feelings as drugs. It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical in our brain. Drugs and alcohol can cause a similar high. So, it turns out, can some popular snack foods.
“We’re designed to find carbohydrates（碳水化合物）and fats reinforcing,” says Ashley Gearhardt. She’s a psychologist. “Evolving（进化）such tastes helped our ancestors overcome famine when we couldn’t find enough to eat and make sure we survive,” she explains. That critical role shaped the brain’s reward system, making us hard-wired to enjoy carbohydrates and fatty foods.
The problem isn’t with all foods containing carbohydrates and fats. Fruit is full of sugar. Oats and other whole grains have lots of carbohydrates. Nuts and meat have fat. But such unprocessed foods—eaten in a form that’s similar to how they grew—also contain other nutrients, such as fiber, that slow digestion. That limits how quickly our bodies can absorb the nutrients. Cookies, candy, soda, fries and other highly processed foods lack those additional nutrients. Such foods contain ingredients that have been highly changed from their natural state. They’re full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and added fats. What’s more, they often contain ingredients that don’t naturally occur together. “Sugar and fat don’t come together in nature,” Gearhardt says. But highly processed foods often “have unnaturally high levels of both carbohydrates and fat.” When we eat these foods, we get a quick “hit” of carbohydrates and fats that give the brain a boost. That makes us want to eat them again and again.
“Pay attention to what you eat,” Gearhardt says. “It’s best to get plenty of nutritious foods for your mind and body. That doesn’t mean you can’t have a donut or pizza now and. then. Just be sure you’re aware of what you’re eating.”
28. What directly makes us happy according to paragraph 1
A. Addiction to foods. B. Snack foods.
C. Chemical in our brain. D. Some alcohol.
29. What does the underlined word “famine” in paragraph 2 mean
A. A lack of food. B. A lot of difficulty.
C. Enemies. D. Diseases.
30. What do we know about carbohydrates and fats
A. Cookies have less carbohydrates and fats.
B. Unprocessed foods have more carbohydrates and fats.
C. Humans are born to be tired of carbohydrates and fats.
D. Processed foods have unnatural carbohydrates and fats.
31. What is the best title for the text
A. Be Aware of Unprocessed Food B. Avoid Unprocessed Food
C. Eating Habits D. Snack Food Addiction
D
Ocean water can be used to cool buildings. This idea could help cities reduce their carbon footprint and slow climate change. Although plentiful, ocean water is too salt y to drink. But it could serve as an important and still largely untapped resource for many coastal cities. The idea came to Zi Zhang shortly after she moved from Michigan to Hong Kong a few years ago to get a PhD in engineering.
In 2013, Hong Kong built a system that used seawater to cool part of the city. The system pumps cold seawater into a plant with heat exchangers. The seawater absorbs heat to chill（冷却）pipes full of circulating water. That chilled water then flows into buildings to cool their rooms. This type of system tends to use far less energy than typical air conditioners. Zhang wondered: How much water and energy had this way saved Hong Kong And why weren’t other coastal cities doing this Zhang and her team set out for answers. The group focused on Hong Kong and two other big coastal cities: Jeddah and Miami. The idea was to see what it might look like if all three adopted city-wide saltwater systems. The cities’climates were quite different. But all three were densely populated, which should minimize some costs.
All three places would save lots of freshwater, the researchers found. Miami could save 16 percent of the freshwater it uses each year. Hong Kong, with more non-drinking-water needs, was saving up to 28 percent. Estimated energy savings ranged from just 3 percent in Jeddah to 11 percent in Miami. These savings came from the more efficient saltwater air conditioning. Also, the cities would need less energy to treat salt y wastewater than they have been using to treat sewage now.
Though costly to build, saltwater-cooling systems could pay off in the long run for many cities. And because these systems use so much less electricity, they’re greener and emit（排放）less carbon-rich greenhouse gases. Scientists refer to this as a type of decarbonization（脱碳）.
32. What is Zi Zhang’s idea about sea water in paragraph 1
A. Using sea water to cook.
B. Using ocean water to cool buildings.
C. Using sea water to stop climate change.
D. Using ocean water get rid of carbon footprint.
33. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The functions of sea water. B. The energy use in buildings.
C. The purpose of Zi Zhang’s research. D. Hong Kong’s sea water use system.
34. What is the aim of using numbers in paragraph 3
A. To prove Zi Zhang’s idea. B. To attract readers’ attention.
C. To show the writer’s caution. D. To explain Zi Zhang’s theory.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward the research
A. Objective. B. Ignorant. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Good note-taking can be very important to academic and professional success. 36 However, you may not be sure how to take notes. To do so, use note-taking techniques for written texts or presentations such as lectures, seminars（研讨会）, and meetings.
37 Keep your notes organized by writing important details at the top of each page. Include information such as the date, bibliographic（书目的）information, and page number of your notes. Noting details can make it easier for you to return to your notes and get important information.
Use your own language. 38 Avoid noting anything in the text verbatim, or word for word, unless it is a phrase or quote you may later use. Taking notes in your own words actively engages your brain, helps you better understand the text, makes you more likely to retain the information, and may minimize the risk of plagiarism（剽窃）.
Develop your own system of signs and abbreviations that can help you more quickly take notes and review them. 39
Skip lines on the paper for later review. As you write your keywords and ideas down, leave space between each line. 40 This helps you quickly have and identify all of the relevant material to that keyword or thought.
A. Note details at the top of your paper.
B. Notes can help you finish projects properly and pass tests.
C. Write down key facts, ideas, and details in your own words.
D. Summarize what you’ve written on the page in 2-4 sentences.
E. Think about the text you’re reading or the lecture you’re listening to.
F. For example, “SM” for “scientific method,” or “GH” for “gender history.”
G. Having extra room allows you to make additional notes that you may not understand.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Kevin Hyde, who has been sailing his whole life, recently invited Joe DiTommasso to Florida on his sailboat. The first part of their 41 went well, and they stopped for a 42 in the Outer Banks.
That’s where things went 43 . Suddenly they found themselves inside a heavy storm at sea. “I’ve never heard winds so bad my whole life!” Joe 44 . As the ocean churned（剧烈翻滚）around them, the 50-foot mast（桅杆）of the sailboat 45 , and their radios didn’t 46 either, leaving them at the mercy of the stormy sea.
When Kevin and Joe’s families 47 touch with them, they reported them missing to the Coast Guard. Soon, a full 48 began, but rescuers weren’t even sure which 49 to start looking for them.
Floating for days with no mast, gas, or electricity, Kevin and Joe prayed for 50 . By the 10th day at sea, they were feeling more 51 than ever.
Just when it seemed that all was lost, they got 52 from a huge international ship called the Silver Muna. 53 , an attentive crew member 54 the tiny sailboat. Captain Neeraj Chaudhary immediately stopped his ship. Rescuing the men was exciting for all involved and even the ship’s captain cried when the men were 55 aboard his ship.
41. A. friendship B. journey C. life D. day
42. A. meal B. discussion C. rest D. plan
43. A. wrong B. bad C. wild D. smooth
44. A. recalled B. shouted C. thought D. smelled
45. A. broke away B. broke in C. broke out D. broke off
46. A. reply B. work C. stop D. escape
47. A. kept B. found C. left D. lost
48. A. behavior B. search C. discover D. invention
49. A. person B. boat C. direction D. radio
50. A. rescue B. food C. water D. free
51. A. lucky B. regretful C. excited D. desperate
52. A. attacks B. help C. emails D. letters
53. A. Luckily B. Sorrowfully C. Interestingly D. Patiently
54. A. studied B. designed C. destroyed D. spotted
55. A. blown B. expanded C. pulled D. exported
第二节（共 10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, the 56 （tradition）solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. The solar terms 57 （create）thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. Solar term culture is still useful today to guide people’s lives.
Start of Autumn 58 （reflect）the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. Although autumn just begins, hot weather will not come to 59 end. The period of hot days after Start of Autumn, usually 60 （last）for 30 days, is called “Autumn Tiger.” Because of decreasing precipitation（降水）, it is even 61 （hot）during this period than during Major Heat.
On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually people will weigh 62 （them）and compare their weight to 63 it was at the Start of Summer. If one has lost weight during the summer, then at the beginning of autumn, he 64 she needs to eat many different kinds of delicious food, especially meat.
In Shandon g province, people make dumplings during the Start of Autumn, and they call it “Eating the Autumn”. On the day of Start of Autumn, senior 65 （member）of the family will stand in the middle of the hall, praying for the harvest in autumn.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华。请给你在美国的好友Bob写一封邮件。介绍你在假期中学到的一项生存技能或生活技能。内容包括：1.技能的名称：2.如何学的；3.学习感悟。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bob,
How is everything going _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The two kids were whispering. Their dad, Jason, could hear them, but they didn’t know that. Jason listened intently.
“…and now I can’t sleep,” he heard his daughter say. “It’s okay, Ashley. Mom and Dad are sleeping. I’ll help you,” Todd said. “Thanks,” said Ashley.
Jason silently opened his bedroom door. His wife was asleep, and he decided not to wake her up. He watched as the two slinked（溜）down the stairs. He followed, unseen, unheard. The kids went to the living room. He watched as his son, Todd, put a blanket on the floor. He watched as Todd arranged the couch pillows on the blanket, against the couch. Ashley sat on the blanket and held her favorite teddy bear.
“I’ll be right back,” whispered Todd. Jason held still as Todd went to the kitchen. He quietly watched as Todd carefully made two peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. And he watched as Todd went back to the living room and sweetly handed his sister a sandwich. Ashley gave Todd a smile. Jason wondered what show the kids would watch on television so late at night. He decided to find out before making his presence known. He did not expect to see what he saw next.
Ashley turned on a small flashlight. Todd picked up a book that Jason hadn’t noticed before. One of the two had carried it downstairs. “Okay, Ashley, this was one of my favorites when I was little,” said Todd. Jason smiled in his hiding place in the dark. Todd was only nine. He watched, unable and not wanting to look away. Todd read in a voice just above a whisper while Ashley sat and listened and very quietly chewed. Her head rested on her brother’s shoulder, and she looked so peaceful. Could these really be the same children who had been fighting only a few hours earlier
Todd read another book, which Jason had also not seen earlier. Then Todd said, “That’s/all we can do, Ashley. My teacher said we have to get at least eight hours of sleep. Give me a second to eat my sandwich, okay ”
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右。
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Jason saw the brother was making sure that he did what his teacher said. _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jason went quietly into his room and opened his journal. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
高三年级开学检测——英语答案与解析
听力答案及听力材料
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A
11. A 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. A
Text 1
W: Hi, David. Where did you go on holiday
M: I went to Beijing with my parents.
W: What did you do there
M: We visited the Great Wall and some relatives!
Text 2
M: Look at this one, Lucy. I really like it and it’s cheap as well.
W: That is the right size. Put it back on the hanger and let’s go and pay for it.
Text 3
M: What is wrong with you You look so upset.
W: I left my dictionary in a taxi, and I am anxious whether I can get it back. You know, my mother bought it for me last week.
Text 4
W: So school has started again and how was your holiday
M: I had a busy time. I wanted to travel and visit my friends in my hometown but I had to finish all of the homework.
Text 5
M: Hi Sally. How are you
W: I am fine, what about you
M: Yeah fine. What about your preparation for the upcoming annual exam
W: Pretty good, but I am struggling with mathematics. I hope you can help me before the exam.
Text 6
W: Why do you want to become a doctor
M: Actually I am from a tiny village. I spent my early childhood there and I have seen the village life from so close. People suffer a lot because of lacking good doctors. Still, there are lots of problems. I want to work for them.
W: That’s a noble reason.
M: Yeah, my parents are encouraging me to become a doctor and they are going to help as much as they can. What are you going to be
W: I have a plan to study on architecture. I think I am pretty good at design and drawings. I have a dream to work in the construction industry too.
M: That’s an amazing plan. What is the reason behind choosing this particular profession
W: I am not sure, I just like it. And I am reading lots of books related to the architect and the basics. I think I am going to enjoy the profession. I love it by the way.
Text 7
M: I think we need to be careful about water mostly. We will face a shortage of drinking water. So we need to stop wasting and polluting the water.
W: Yeah, that’s also true for air pollution. Have you seen the data on global warming
M: Yes, global warming is true and some people don’t even believe it. We need to be careful and stop polluting the environment. Otherwise, maybe mother earth will not be the same after 50 to 100 years. We have already spoiled many things.
W: I agree with you. many animal species have extincted from nature just because of huge changes in the climate. And global warming is directly responsible for that.
M: What do you think we should do to save the environment
W: First of all, we need to go green and stop using plastic materials. It’s a huge threat to sea life and it ruins the land.
M: I agree with you. It was great talking to you, dear.
Text 8
W: So, is this your first time using a gym
M: Yeah. I never thought about it before.
W: Let me show you around quickly. These are our strength-training machines.
M: You see, this is why I don’t like gyms. There are so many machines! I never know where to start.
W: That’s okay. It’s actually quite simple. Every machine has instructions, you see So it tells you which muscle group it targets, and explains how to do the exercise safely.
M: Do people normally use all the machines in a visit
W: It depends. If you want to build your muscle strength, then it’s better to focus on one body part each time you come.
M: Does it get busy
W: Yeah, in the evenings. If you can come in the middle of the day, it’s generally quite quiet.
M: Okay, so should I come every day
W: No, not necessarily! You need rest days as well. How often were you thinking of coming
M: I don’t know…Once or twice a week, maybe Is that enough
W: I’d say three times a week is better. If you only come once a week, you won’t really get much benefit from it.
M: Alright, I guess I’ll try.
Text 9
M: How are you, Jane
W: I am good. What about you, Sir
M: I am fine too. So I have heard you are so much interested to learn about science.
W: Yes sir. I was passionate about science from a very young age.
M: This is very good. I think every student should be like you. So what do you think is the most interesting thing about science
W: Science is inventing new things for making human life easy and simple. That’s what I love most about science. There are thousands of problems and science comes with a solution.
M: You are right. Science has a huge impact on our life. We are covered with science. Now we can’t decline the importance of science in our life.
W: Sir, what are the most valuable inventions of science
M: To them, computer, electricity, and motor engine are three biggest inventions and these three things have changed the entire world and brought lots of revolution in different times.
W: Oh yeah, I can understand now. Thank you so much, sir, for sharing.
Text 10
W: Dear class. This time I will tell you about the Nobel Prizes. Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833 in Sweden and died on December 10, 1896, in Italy. He founded the Nobel Prizes. The first distribution of the prizes took place on December 10, 1901, the fifth anniversary of Nobel’s death. After Nobel’s death, the Nobel Foundation was set up to carry out his will.
Each Nobel Prize consists of a gold medal, a document, and a sum of money, the amount of which depends on the income of the Nobel Foundation. A Nobel Prize is either given entirely to one person, divided equally between two persons, or shared by three persons. In the latter case, each of the three persons can receive a one-third share of the prize or two together can receive a one-half share.
Tu Youyou, a Chinese scientist, received the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, shared with one Japanese scientist and one American scientist.
A
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，介绍了美国 Block岛的4个景点。
21. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Climb to the Top of Southeast Light部分“...you can often venture to the top of the tower on a tour: the 360-degree island views are worth it.”的描述可知。
22. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据Meet Exotic Animals部分的“This free mini zoo is popular with families.”和“ADDRESS: 1 Spring St, New Shoreham, RI 02807, USA”的描述可知。
23. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第1段“...Block Island appeals to both outdoorsy travelers…”的描述可知。
B
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jeesung Lee设计预防车祸事故的系统的故事。
24. C 【解析】细节理解题。据第1段中的“Dangerous drivers can be anywhere. ...He wondered whether AI could help warn people of such drivers.”可知。
25. B 【解析】细节理解题。据第2段的“His AI-based program instead aims to head off accidents.”可知。
26. A 【解析】推理判断题。据第4段的“And it should cost little, he adds. It needs no additional hardware. And his system can be used with existing cameras.”可知。
27. B 【解析】推理判断题。据全文，尤其是最后1段中的“He aims to continue improving and testing the system in Jeju and eventually go global.”可知。
C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。分析了加工食物令人成瘾的原因。
28. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第1段的“It all comes down to what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due to a flood of the feel-good chemical in our brain.”可知，C选项符合题意。
29. A 【解析】猜测词义题。根据第2段的“when we couldn’t find enough to eat and make sure we survive”可知。
30. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段的“Such foods contain ingredients that have been highly changed from their natural state. They’re full of easy-to-absorb carbohydrates and added fats.”和“have unnaturally high levels of both carbohydrates and fat.”可知。
31. A 【解析】标题。据全文，尤其是最后一段可知。
D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了利用海水减少碳足迹的问题。
32. B 【解析】细节理解题。据第1段的“Ocean water can be used to cool buildings. This idea...The idea came to Zi Zhang...”可知B项正确。
33. C 【解析】文章大意题。据第2段的“Zhang wondered...Zhang and her team set out for answers...The idea was to see...”可知答案为C。
34. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第3段的主题句“All three places would save lots of freshwater, the researchers found.”可知，A项正确。
35. D 【解析】推断观点态度题。据最段的“Though costly to build, saltwater-cooling systems could pay off in the long run for many cities.”可知D项正确。
七选五
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了如何做笔记。
36. B 【解析】逻辑关系题。据前面的“Good note-taking can be very important to academic and professional success.”可知。
37. A 【解析】逻辑关系题。考查主题句。据后一句“Keep your notes organized by writing important details at the top of each page.”及本段内容可知。
38. C 【解析】逻辑关系题，据主题句“Use your own language.”可知C项正确。
39. F 【解析】逻辑关系题。据前面的“Develop your own system of signs and abbreviations”可知F项正确。
40. G 【解析】逻辑关系题。据主题句“Skip lines on the paper for later review.”可知G项正确。
完形填空
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了海上遇险获救的故事。
41. B 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。据前面的“invited Joe Di Tommasso to Florida”可知。
42. C 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。据前面的“stopped”可知。
43. A 【解析】考查形容词及语境理解。据后面的“Suddenly they found themselves inside a heavy storm at sea.”可知。
44. A 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。前面的“I’ve never heard winds so bad my whole life！”是事后回忆的内容。
45. D 【解析】考查动词短语及语境理解。据后面的“leaving them at the mercy of the stormy sea”可知。
46. B 【解析】考查形容词及语境理解。据后面的“leaving them at the mercy of the stormy sea”可知。
47. D 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。与下文的“they reported them missing to the Coast Guard.”相呼应。
48. B 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。与后面的“but rescuers weren’t even sure...to start looking for them”相呼应。
49. C 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。与本句的前后呼应“but rescuers weren’t even sure which... to start looking for them”相呼应。
50. A 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。据前面的“but rescuers weren’t even sure...”可知。
51. D 【解析】考查形容词及语境理解。desperate的意思是“绝望的”，与前面的“Floating for days with no mast, gas, or electricity... By the 10th day at sea,”相呼应。
52. B 【解析】考查名及语境理解。得到“帮助”与后面的获救内容相呼应。
53. A 【解析】考查副词及语境理解。与下文的被海员发现相呼应。
54. D 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。与后面的“Captain Neeraj Chaudhary immediately stopped his ship.”相呼应。
55. C 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。与前面的“Rescuing the men was exciting for all involved...”相呼应。
语法填空
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了立秋的风俗。
56. traditional 【解析】考查词性转化。形容词traditional作定语。
57. were created 【解析】考查谓语动词的被动语态。
58. reflects 【解析】考查主谓一致。
59. an 【解析】考查固定搭配及冠词的用法。come to an end的意思是“结束了”。
60. lasting 【解析】考查现在分词做状语。
61. hotter 【解析】考查形容词比较级的用法。
62. themselves 【解析】考查反身代词的用法。
63. what 【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。
64. or 【解析】考查连词的用法。or的意思是“或者”。
65. members 【解析】考查可数名词的复数形式。
应用文写作
Dear Bob,
How is everything going I can’t wait to share with you what I learned during my summer holiday. I learned to swim. You may feel surprised that I began to learn it at this age. Right. It was really a challenge for me. I learned from a swimming class and my classmates there are so young. They learned fast but my coach was so nice and she encouraged to get familiar with water and then learned to float on water. Eventually I overcame the difficulties and now I can swim well. From this experience I understand more deeply the Chinese saying: never too late to learn.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
读后续写
Jason saw the brother was making sure that he did what his teacher said. Jason tried to hold his laugh. He watched the two kids pick up the blanket and the books, put the pillows back, and go quietly up the stairs. He waited a while before he went up the stairs to check on the kids. He found both of them were in their own beds, fast asleep. He even noticed the smiles on Ashley’s and Todd’s faces. They must have been in a beautiful dream.
Jason went quietly into his room and opened his journal. He turned on the lamp and was sure to keep the light on the lowest setting to avoid waking up his dear wife. He wrote: “Tonight I witnessed Todd being so good to Ashley...” he continued until he had put down everything he had just seen. Content, he put the journal away, turned off his lamp, and went to sleep. In his dream he saw his son and daughter growing up happily and taking good care of each other.
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