新概念英语二册超详讲义笔记Lesson 80 The Crystal Palace 水晶宫

Lesson 80 The Crystal Palace 水晶宫
【New words and expressions】（10）
palace n. 宫殿
extraordinary adj. 不平常的，非凡的
exhibition n. 展览
iron n. 铁
various adj. 各种各样的
machinery n. 机器
display n. 展览
steam n. 蒸汽
profit n. 利润
college n. 学院
★palace n. 宫殿
宫殿
eg. the Summer Palace 颐和园
Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫（英国）
(尤指欧洲大陆）华丽的大厦
eg. The nobles of Florence built splendid palaces.
佛罗伦萨的贵州们建造了华丽的宫殿。
His home is a palace compared to our little house.
和我们的小房子比起来，他的家就是宫殿。
★extraordinary adj. 不平常的，非凡的
非常的，非凡的
eg. a girl of extraordinary beauty 美丽非凡的女孩
奇特的
eg. What an extraordinary hat ! 多奇特的帽子啊！
临时的
eg. The committee meets regularly on Fridays, but there will be an extraordinary
meeting next Wednesday.
委员会在每周五定期碰面，但下周五会有个临时会议。
extraordinarily adv. 奇特地，非凡地
extra + ordinary
extra adj. 额外的，附加的
eg. extra pay for extra work 多劳多得
（extra + adj. 描述事物性质或特征在程度上大大超过原词所描述的）
extra - thin 格外瘦
extra - large 格外大
extra - special 格外特别
extra - bright 格外聪明
ordinary adj. 平常的，普通的，通常的
= normal = usual
eg. an ordinary day 平常的一天
ordinary people like you and me 你我之类的老百姓
★exhibition n. 展览
展览
eg. on exhibition 在展出，在展览
Some of the children’s paintings are now on exhibition at the school.
孩子们的一些画正在学校展出。
展览会
eg. an international trade exhibition 国际贸易展览会
make an exhibition of oneself 当众出丑，出洋相
Get up off the floor and stop making such an exhibition of yourself.
从地上爬起来，别再当众出丑了。
exhibit
n. (尤指博物馆里的)展品
eg. Don’t touch the exhibits.
a priceless exhibit 一件极贵重的陈列品
v. 展览（某类型物品）
eg. to exhibit paintings 展览绘画作品
to exhibit flowers 展出花卉
to exhibit new cars 展出新车
★iron n. 铁
铁
eg. Strike while the iron’s hot. 趁热打铁。
Iron and Blood. 铁血政策。（喻指“残暴的政治手段”。）
熨斗
坚忍不拔之毅力
eg. an iron will 坚强的意志
have (several) irons in the fire 同时进行数种不同的事情
a man of iron 铁汉
a woman of iron 铁女人
★various adj. 各种各样的
各式各样的
eg. Of all the various ways of cooking an egg, I like boiling best.
在各种烹饪鸡蛋方法中，我最喜欢煮鸡蛋。
for various reasons 由于种种原因
many and various 五花八门
许多
eg. Various people among those present thought they had heard the aircraft.
在场的人中许多人认为他们听到飞机的声音了。
variously adv. 各种各样地
variety n.
变化，多样性
eg. She didn’t like the work, because it lacked variety.
种种
eg. Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.
每一个在聚会上迟到的人都有种种原因。
variety meat (美语，委婉）（指牲畜的心、头、脑等部分）杂肉
variety show 综艺节目
variety store 杂货铺(美）
★machinery n. 机器(械) [u] (集合称)
a great deal of machinery 许多机器
a sewing machine 缝纫机
a machine tool 机床，工作母机
★display n. 展览
n. 陈列，展示
eg. be on display 在展览
Many priceless photographs are on display. 许多珍贵照片在展出。
a display of skill 技术表演
a display of fruit 陈列的水果
a display of military might 军事力量的展示
v. 陈列，展示，表露 = show
eg. to display fruit in a shop 在店里摆水果
to display one’s true feelings流露出真实感情
to display one’s wealth 炫耀财富
to display goods for sale 陈列商品
display one’s ignorance 显示出无知
★steam n. 蒸汽[u]
煮沸时所冒出的蒸汽，水气
eg. a steam engine 蒸汽机
steam-boat 汽艇；汽船
= steamed-bread 馒头
steam iron 蒸汽熨斗
steamer 蒸锅
(水冷却时所形成的)露，水气
eg. Steam formed on the inside of the kitchen windows.
凝结在厨房窗户上的水气。
短语：
let off steam 消除心中的闷气
= work off steam
eg. I was so angry. I worked off steam by taking a long walk.
我很气愤，我走了好久的路来消除心中的闷气。
full steam ahead 全速前进
get up steam 开始发动，开火起动
under one’s steam 凭自己的力量或努力
= under its own steam
★profit n. 利润
利润
eg. He sold his house at a profit; he made a profit of 1000& on the sale.
他卖房子赚了钱，在这笔生意上他赚了1千英镑。
There’s very little profit in selling land at present.
现在卖地利润很薄。
(正式)利益
eg. They are only interested in a quick profit.
他们急功近利。
profitless adj. 无利益可言的
eg. It would be profitless to do such a foolish thing.
做这种愚蠢的事情是无利可言的。
profitable adj. 有用的，有利益的
eg. She spent a profitable day cleaning the house thoroughly.
她善用这一天，彻底地清扫了房子。
短语：
a clear profit 净利
a gross profit 毛利
★college n. 学院
大学内的学院
eg. university n. (综合性的)大学
（美国）大学
collegiate adj. 学院的，大学生的
【Text】
Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyth's steam hammer. Though in those days, traveling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.
参考译文
19世纪最不寻常的建筑也许要数水晶宫了，它是为1851年的“世界博览会”而建在海德公园的。这座水晶宫不同于世界上所有的其他建筑，因为它是用钢和玻璃建成的。它是有史以来最高大的建筑物之一，因此，人们从各个国家纷纷前来参观。大量的商品从世界各地运送到了博览会，参展的还有很多机器，其中最奇妙的是内史密斯的蒸汽锤。尽管在当时旅行不像现在这么容易，但汽船还是把成千上万的参观者从欧洲大陆送过了英吉利海峡。一到英国，火车就把他们送到了水晶宫。参观的人数总共是600万。博览会的赢利用来建造博物馆和高等学校。后来，“水晶宫”被移到了伦敦南部。在1936年被焚毁之前，它一直是世界上最著名的建筑物之一。
【课文讲解】
Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.
which was built in Hyde Park中which引导非限定性定语从句，对所修饰的词作进一步说明。
（非限定性定语从句，前面用逗号隔开，在修饰物时用which,修饰人时用who, whom或whose,不用that。）
eg. She had eight children, three of whom lived to grow up.
她有8个孩子，3个已经长大成人了。
One herdsman, who looks after 800 sheep at most, earns about 690 yuan
a year. 一个照料800只羊的牧羊人每年大概赚690元。
（非限定性定语从句也可由where或when引导）
eg. In the old days, when I was a little boy, the city had no industry to
speak of. 在旧社会，当我还小的时候，这个城市根本没工业可言。
They will fly to Kunming, where they plan to stay for two or three days,
and then go on to Guilin.
他们将飞往昆明，计划待2、3天，然后飞往桂林。
the Great Exhibition 世界博览会
2、The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass.
be different from… 与……不同
be made of… 用…制造（指原材料没有发生化学上的变化）
be made from… 用…制造（造出的成品跟原材料不同）
be made in + 时间/地点
eg. Bread is made from wheat. 面包是由小麦制成的。
3、It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it.
“one of =最高级+复数名词”结构的语气比直接用形容词最高级+名词结构要缓和些，不那么绝对。
of all time 空前的，有史以来
（常与形容词的最高级连用，表示范围）
4、A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world.
a great many 大量的
= a good many
goods[c] = commodity[c] = merchandise[u]
various parts of the world 世界不同国家
all parts of the world 世界各地
all over the world 遍布世界
5、There was also a great deal of machinery on display.
there be 结构
a great deal of + [u] 许多，大量
machinery [u]n. 机器，机械装置（集合名词，与单数动词搭配）
某个具体的机器可用machine或者a piece of machinery来表示：
on display = on show 展出，陈列
有关介词on的短语：
eg. He has gone to Frankfurt on business. 他去法兰克福出差了。
出差
I didn’t catch the bus.I came here on foot. 我没赶上公车，我走着来的。
步行
I asked to see the officer on duty. 我看见官员在值班。
值班
On the whole(= all in all), it has been a very successful year.
总的来说，这是成功的一年。
Look at that smoke. That building must be on fire.
看那个烟。那幢大楼一定着火了。
I don’t think it was an accident. He did it on purpose.
我不认为那是个事故。他是故意的。
On the average, I made six telephone calls a day.
我平均每天打6个电话。
You mustn’t on any account sign the contract before you read it.
(not…on any account 绝不可以，切莫）
绝不可以在读完合同前签字。
I know I had agreed to let you go to the cinema, but on second thoughts,
you should stay at home and finish your homework.
我知道我曾答应让你去看电影，但经过重新考虑，你应该呆在家里把作业写完。
6、The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyth's steam hammer.
the most wonderful 最奇妙的（最高级）
7、Though in those days, traveling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe.
not as easy as it is today 不像今天这么容易
thousands of 成千上万
hundreds of 成百上千
millions of 数以百万计
8、On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train.
on + v.ing 一…就（前后主语必须一致）
eg. On hearing the news, we burst into cheers.
一听到这个消息， 我们就欢呼起来。
take…to 送去
bring…from 带来
fetch 去取（双向动作）
9、There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges.
in all 总共，合计
all in all 从各方面来考虑，从各方面来说
all or nothing (指行动过程）需要竭尽全力
at all 根本，丝毫
not at all 根本不
one’s all 自己所有的一切，生命
10、Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London.
move from … to … 搬迁，迁徙
eg. They moved from Taian to Nanjing. 他们从泰安搬到了南京。
We’re going to move to a house in the suburbs.
我们准备搬到郊区的一栋房子。
move v. 使（某人）感动，使动心
eg. His performance of the piano moved us greatly.
他的钢琴表演深深感动了我们。
11、It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.
the most famous 最著名的（最高级）
remain在这里为系动词，表示“保持不变，仍然”（后面可跟形容词、名词、动名词等）
eg. He remained silent. 他保持沉默。
burn sth. down （将某物）焚为平地，烧得精光
eg. The house burnt down in half an hour.
半小时之内房子烧毁了。
【Key Structures】
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
比较级： + er/ more + adj./adv.
最高级： + est/ (the) most + adj./adv.
【Special Difficulties】
带on的短语：
on display/show 展出，陈列
This is the best dress on display/show. 这是展出的最好的衣服。
on business 因公（与for pleasure相对）
Last month he went to New York on business and had little time to visit friends.
on foot 步行（与by bus，by car，by air等相对）
I usually go to work by car, but this morning I went on foot.
on duty 值班，值班的
It was Sunday and there was only one doctor on duty.
on the whole 总的看来，总的来说，大体上
On the whole, he is a hard-working student.
on fire 起火，着火
Soon the whole building was on fire.
on purpose 故意地，有意地，特意地（与by chance相对）
They have come here on purpose to see you.
She broke the vase on purpose.
on the average 平均，通常
On the average, he works more than ten hours a day.
on any account 无论如何，不管怎么说（通常用否定句）
Do not interrupt him on any account.
You mustn’t on any account sign the contract before you read it.
on second thought(s) 经重新考虑后（thought用单数或复数均可）
I intended to go to the party, but on second thought(s), I decided to stay at home.
【Summary Writings】
The Crystal Palace, which was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851, was different from other buildings because it was made of iron and glass. Goods from various parts of the world were on display as well as a great deal of machinery. So many visitors came by boat and train that it was possible to build colleges and museums from the profits. After the exhibition, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London, where it remained until it was burnt down in 1936.
The Crystal Palace was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, it was different from other buildings. There were not only goods from various parts of the world on display but there was a great deal of machinery as well. This attracted thousands of visitors who travelled by boat and train. Later, colleges and museums were built from the profits. The Crystal Palace was moved to South London and it remained there until 1936 when it was burnt down.