新概念英语二册超详讲义笔记Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里

Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里
【New words and expressions】（12）
trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境
surface n. 地面，表面
explosive n. 炸药
vibration n. 震动
collapse v. 坍塌
drill v. 钻孔
capsule n. 容器
layer n. 层
beneath prep. 在......之下
lower v. 放下，降低
progress v. 进展，进行
smoothly adv. 顺利地
★trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境
v. 陷入，使陷入困境
eg. He was trapped in the game preserve. 他被困在了禁猎区。
v. 将（某人）诱入圈套，诱骗（某人）
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
eg. They trapped her into marrying him. 他们诱骗他嫁给了他。
n. (捕鸟，兽等用的）圈套，陷阱
eg. a bear caught in a trap 困在陷阱中的一只熊
set a trap for mouse 放老鼠夹子
= set a mousetrap
n. 诡计，圈套，策略
eg. He fell into a trap. 他陷入了圈套。
★surface n. 地面，表面
n. 地面，表面
eg. a smooth surface 光滑的表面
n. 外表，外观
eg. look only at the surface of things 看事物只看外表
on the surface 表面上的，外观上的
friendship on the surface 表面上的友谊
eg. You looked satisfied on the surface then.
那个时候你表面上看起来很满足。
adj. 外表的
eg. surface differences 表面上的差异
surface kindness 表面上的好心
短语：
eg. surface mail 陆(水)路邮件，普通邮件
（相反的airmail航空邮件)
send a letter by surface mail 通过陆路或水路邮寄一封信
★explosive n. 炸药
n. 爆炸物，炸药
eg. high explosive 强力炸药
adj. 爆发的，爆发性的
eg. an explosive substance 爆炸物
explosion n.
爆发，破裂，爆炸声
eg. a gas explosion 瓦斯爆炸
爆发
eg. an explosion of laughter 爆发出笑声
explode v.
(炸药，煤气等)爆炸事件
eg. The heat exploded the corked bottle. 热气使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。
(因生气，笑等)使(感情)爆发，(感情)爆发
eg. He exploded in anger. 他大发脾气。
His jealousy exploded when his mother kissed another child.
看到妈妈亲吻了另一个孩子，他的醋劲大发。
★vibration n. 震动，震颤
eg. the vibration of the traffic 车辆来往产生的震动
vibrate
v. 震动，摇动
eg. His shoulders vibrated with anger. 他气得双肩直颤动。
(2) v. 受…而感动，（心）颤动，惊动
eg. My heart vibrated to the soulful painting.
那张充满感情的画感动了我的心灵。
★collapse v. 坍塌
v. 瓦解，崩溃，倒塌
eg. The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
在雪的重压下，屋顶倒塌了。
The heavy flood collapsed the bridge. 洪水冲垮了桥。
v. （计划，事业等）跨掉，挫败
eg. Our project collapsed because of shortage of funds.
我们的计划因资金不足而遭挫败。
v. 折叠，可折叠
eg. This table collapses, so I can store it easily.
这个桌子可以折叠，所以很好存放。
collapse a tent 把帐篷折叠起来
★drill v. 钻孔
v. 钻孔
eg. drill a hole in the wall 在墙上钻孔
drill a tooth 在牙上钻孔
v. 训练（某人），反复练习，接受训练
eg. drill troops 操练军队
drill in English pronuciation 英语发音练习
n. 锥子，钻孔机
eg. an electric drill 电动钻孔机
make a hole with a drill 用钻孔机打洞
n. 训练，演练，演习
eg. a fire drill 消防演习
drill in English words 英文单词的反复练习
★capsule n. 容器，胶囊
eg. He swallowed two capsules at a time. 他一下吃了两粒胶囊。
medicine:
eg. pill 药丸
powder 药粉
tablet 药片
capsule 胶囊
★layer n. 层
层，一层
eg. a layer of clay 一层黏土
a cake with two layers 双层蛋糕
置放者，砌…的人（通常构成复合词）
eg. a bricklayer 泥瓦匠
下蛋的鸡
eg. a good layer 常下蛋的鸡
a bad layer 不常下蛋的鸡
★beneath prep. 在…之下
在…之下（可用以表示接触或未接触时，稍为严谨的表达法，一般多用under)
eg. Let’s take a rest beneath the tree. 让我们在树下休息一会儿。
The ground beneath my feet was soft. 我脚下的土地很松软。
(地位，价值)较…差的，较…不值得的
eg. His work is beneath contempt. 他的行为令人不齿。
Such words are beneath you. 说这种话有失你的身份。
★lower v. 放下，降低
v. 放低（高度，位置），变低，下降
eg. She lowered her eyes. 她垂下眼睛。
lower a flag 降旗
lower the sails 降帆
lower the water in the canal 降低运河中的水位
v. 降低（价格，数量，程度，声音等）
eg. lower the rent of a house 降低房租
lower one’s voice 压低声音
the Lower House (两院制的）下议院
the House of Representatives （美）众议院
the House of Commons （英）下议院
the Upper House 上议院
★progress v. 进展，进行
v. 进展，进行
eg. We are now progressing steadily with our work.
我们现在工作进展顺利。
v. 进步，上进
eg. You have progressed quickly in mathematics.
你数学方面进步很快。
n. 前进，进行
eg. make swift progress toward the destination
朝目的地迅速前进
make slow progress toward the destination
朝目的地缓慢前进
n. 进步
eg. the progress of medicine 医药的进步
★smoothly adv. 顺利地，平滑地
eg. go smoothly 进展顺利
The escalator didn’t operate smoothly.
电动扶梯运行不顺利。
smooth
adj. 平滑的，顺利的（反义词rough）
eg. a smooth skin 光滑的皮肤
a smooth road 顺畅的道路
His efforts made the smooth passage of the bill possible.
他的努力使法案得以顺利通过。
adj. 口齿伶俐的
eg. a smooth talker 一个口齿伶俐的讲话者
adj. 温和的
eg. He is smooth in his manners. 他举止彬彬有礼。
v. 使平滑（坦）
eg. smooth out a tablecloth 铺平桌布
Don’t forget to smooth down the board before you paint it.
在刷油之前别忘了把木板刨平。
【Text】
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.
参考译文
6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。如果不把他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。实际情况是，他们已连续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了，但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。
【课文讲解】
1、Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours.
be trapped in a mine 被困在矿井里
a gold mine 金矿
work in a mine 在矿上工作
2、If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.
本句是一个真实的条件句：主将从现
be brought to the surface 被带到地面上来
lose one’s life 丧生
3、However, rescue operations are proving difficult.
rescue operation 营救工作
rescue
v. (从危险等)救出
rescue … from 从…中救出
eg. They rescued a boy from drowning. 他们从水中救出了男孩。
The firemen rescued a baby from the burning house.
消防员从着火的房子里救出一个婴儿。
n. 救助
eg. go to one’s rescue 去营救某人
prove v. 证明，显示出
prove + adj.
eg. It proves difficult. 这显得很困难。
prove + to be
eg. It proves to be difficult. 这显得很困难。
prove that
eg. It proves that it is difficult. 这显得很困难。
If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse.
这是个真实条件句，对将来可能发生事情假设：主将从现。
5、Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.
therefore adv. 因此，所以（可独立使用，也可位于动词前）
so conj. 因此，所以（不能放在动词前）
on the north side of the mine. 在矿井的北侧
on both sides of the street 在街道的两侧
on the other side of the square 在广场的另一侧
They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule.
intend to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算叫某人做某事
eg. He intends to study abroad next year. 他打算明年出国留学。
He intends his son to manage the company.
他打算叫儿子经营这家公司。
bring up
养育，培养，教育
eg. She has brought up three children. 她养大了三个孩子。
a well-brought up child 有教养的孩子
a bad-brought up child 没教养的孩子
提出话题
eg. His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.
在会上他提出新的建议。
If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.
本句话是个非真实条件句，当对过去事实作相反假设时，主句：would have done,从句：had done.
8、As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.
as it is = in fact = as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上
have been drilling （现在完成进行时，表示过去至现在一直在钻）
a long way to go (本文中)离钻透还早着呢
three months to go 还有三个月
9、Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.
which was lowered into the mine two hours ago中which引导非限定性定语从句
enable vt. 使……能够
enable sb. to do sth. 让某人能够做到某事
eg. The new contact enables us to demand whatever we want.
新的通讯方式能让我们得到想要的任何东西。
【前缀en-加在名词或形容词前可以使这个词成为动词，如endanger（危及，使遭受危险），enlarge（扩大，扩展，扩充），enslave（奴役，使成为奴隶），entrap（使……入陷阱/圈套，欺骗）】
keep in touch with 与…保持联系
= stay in touch with = get in touch with
eg. He still keeps in touch with his old friends. 他仍然和老朋友保持联系。
out of touch 失去联系
eg. I am out of touch with economic conditions now.
我现在对经济情况已经生疏了。
a near touch = a close call 千钧一发
closest relatives = immediate relatives 直系亲属
10、Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.
Though引导让步状语从句
run out of = use up 用完，用尽
run after = chase 追赶
run over 撞倒
run in （新汽车的发动机的）磨合运转；磨合试车
run into = run across = meet with = come across 偶遇
= meet by chance = meet by accident
11、They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.
rescue operations 营救工作
progress smoothly 进展顺利
12、If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.
这个是非真实条件句，与现在事实相反，主句：would do，从句：一般过去式
drill through 钻透
lose heart 失望
= lose one’s nerve
【Key Structures】
if 条件句 （L：16，40，64）
1. 真实条件句：主将从现
2. 非真实条件句：
(1) 与现在事实相反或对不可能的情况假设
主句：would do …
从句：一般过去式
与过去事实相反的假设
主句：would have done …
从句：had done …
【Special Difficulties】
与run有关的短语
run out of 用完，耗尽
They are running out of food and drink.
He has run out of money.
run after 追赶，追逐
Seeing that his sister was annoyed, he ran after her to apologize.
run over 在……驶过/辗过
The car ran over a snake/his legs.
run in 试车，试转（发动机等）
John is running his new car in.
Run in the engine before you start work.
run into 偶然碰见
I ran into Mary and Jane in the flower shop.
He ran into Sterlings while travelling in Italy.
【Summary Writing】
Six men who have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours may lose their lives because rescue operations are proving difficult. Since explosives might cause the roof of the mine to collapse, rescue workers are drilling a hole through hard rock, but progress is slow. Two hours ago, a microphone was lowered into the mine and the men have been in touch with their relatives. They are running short of food and drink but they are in good spirits.
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours and may lose their lives. Rescue operations are proving diffcult as explosives might cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Because of this, rescue workers are drilling a hole through hard rock, yet progress is slow. Now that a microphone has been lowered into the mine, the men are in touch with their relatives. Though they are running short of food and drink, they are in good spirits.