新概念英语二册超详讲义笔记Lesson 86 Out of control 失控

Lesson 86 Out of control 失控
【New words and expressions】（11）
swing v. 转向
speedboat n. 快艇
desperately adv. 绝望地
companion n. 同伙，伙伴
water ski （由快艇牵引水橇）滑水
buoy n. 浮标
dismay n. 沮丧
tremendous adj. 巨大的
petrol n. 汽油
drift v. 漂动，漂流
gently adv. 缓慢地，轻轻地
★swing v. 转向
v. 转向，突然转向；转变方向，转变思想 （swing swung swung)
eg. I wanted to swing round and shout at him.
我想转身向他吼叫。
That bicycle will swing around the corner.
那辆自行车在转弯处转弯。
It’s impossible to swing a car in such a narrow path like this.
在这么狭窄的小路上不可能调转方向的。
no room to swing a cat 无转身之地，过于狭窄
= no enough room to swing a cat
摆动，使摆动
eg. It’s bad manners to swing your legs while eating.
吃饭的时候晃腿是不礼貌的。
The monkey is swinging itself from tree to tree.
猴子从一棵树晃到另一棵树。
n. 摆动，振动
eg. The swing of the ship makes me sick. 船的晃动使我恶心。
n. 秋千
eg. There are some swings in the park. 公园里有一些秋千。
get on a swing 上秋千
swing shift 中班工人（美口语）
★speedboat n. 快艇
speedway n.（美）高速公路；赛车跑道
speed n. 速度，速率
eg. run at full speed 全速奔跑
at a speed of 40 miles an hour 以每小时40英里的速度
at speed 以高速
speedy adj. 快速的，及时的
eg. a speedy reply 及时的回答
★desperately adv. 绝望地
adv. 绝望地，不顾一切地，情急地
eg. He said desperately that the opposing team was too strong for us.
他绝望地说对手对我们来说太强大了。
adv. 极度地
eg. He was desperately busy. 他极度地繁忙。
desperate
adj. 不顾一切的，亡命的
eg. make desperate efforts to do sth. 拼命地努力要做某事
The desperate thief shot at the policeman. 那个亡命的窃贼向警察开枪。
adj. 悲观的，几乎没有希望的
eg. Her illness is desperate, but not hopeless.
她的病不乐观，但并不是毫无希望。
adj. 渴望的，很渴望的
be desperate for sth. 渴望某事物
be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事
eg. He was desperate for fame. 他渴望名望。
He is desperate to pass the entrance exam. 他渴望能通过入学考试。
★companion n. 同伙，伙伴
n. 同伴，伙伴
eg. Bad companions can lead young people astray.
青年交了坏朋友可能会误入歧途。
a companion in arms 战友
a lifelong companion 毕生的伙伴
n. 旅伴
eg. I had a good companion while traveling. 旅行时我有个好的旅伴。
看护妇（受雇陪伴老妇或病人的妇女）
eg. a hospital companion 医院的护工
★water ski （由快艇牵引水橇）滑水
ski n.v. 滑雪
eg. go skiing 去滑雪
skate n.v. 滑冰
eg. go skating 去滑冰
★buoy n. 浮标，救生圈
eg. life buoy 救生圈
buoyancy n. 浮力；乐观的性情
buoyant adj. 乐观的，轻松愉快的
buoyantly adv. 有浮力地，轻快地
★dismay n. 沮丧
n. 沮丧，惊慌，胆怯
in dismay = with dismay 惊慌地，胆怯地
to one’s dismay 使人惊慌的是（通常置于句首）
v. 使惊慌，使胆怯
be dismayed at 对某事惊慌
eg. She was dismayed at the news. 听到这个消息他非常惊慌。
★tremendous adj. （大小、数量、程度）惊人的，巨大的
eg. a tremendous explosion 可怕的爆炸声
a tremendous effort 惊人的努力
He ran at a tremendous speed. 他以惊人的速度奔跑。
tremendously adv. 非常地，极大地
eg. The exam was tremendously difficult. 这个考试极其地难。
★petrol n. 汽油（英式英语）
gas = gasoline 汽车（美式英语）
eg. petrol station 加油站
= gas station = filling station(美语)
petroleum n. 石油
petro 岩石
oleum 油
★drift v. 漂动，漂流
v. 漂流，漂动
eg. The raft was drifting down the river. 那艘小筏子顺着河漂流。
The wind drifted the boat toward the shore.风使小船漂向了岸边。
n. 漂流，漂移
eg. the drift of an iceberg 冰山的漂移
the drift of population from country to city
农村人口向城市转移的趋势
n. 漂流物
eg. big drifts of snow 吹积成的大雪堆
a drift of dead leaves 吹积成的枯叶堆
driftwood n. 漂木
★gently adv. 缓慢地，轻轻地
adv. 轻轻地，和缓地，缓慢地
eg. Handle the glassware gently. 小心地处理玻璃气皿。
(2) adv. 温柔地
She spoke gently to the frightened child. 她温柔地和那个吓坏的孩子说话。
gentle
adj. 温柔的，和善的
eg. He is a very gentle person. 他是个非常和善的人。
Mothers are always gentle with their babies.
母亲对婴儿总是很温柔的。
adj. 和缓的/mild
eg. speak in a gentle voice 用和缓的语调说话
a gentle slope 和缓的斜坡
adj. 驯服的
a gentle horse 驯服的马
as gentle as a lamb 像羊羔一样温顺
【Text】
As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea. The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.
参考译文
当那人试图让快艇转弯时，方向盘脱手了。他绝望地向他的伙伴挥手，他的伙伴在过去的15分钟里一直在滑水。他们两个还没来得及意识到究竟发生了什么事情，就被猛地抛入了海里。快艇撞上了一个浮标，但它仍在水面上快速行驶着。两个人刚开始向岸边游去，就突然惊愕地发现快艇正在转着圈行驶，它现在正以惊人的速度直冲他们驶来。不到1分钟的工夫，它从离他们只有几英尺远的地方呼啸着驶了过去。快艇过去之后，他们以最快的速度向前游去，因为他们知道快艇马上就要转回来。他们刚刚来得及游出危险区，快艇就又转完了一圈。然而这一次它的速度慢多了。汽油几乎已经用光。没过多久，噪音便彻底消失，快艇开始在水面上慢悠悠地漂流。
【课文讲解】
1、Out of control
out of 失去，欠缺
eg. We are out of bread.
He has been out of work for two months.
The plane got out of control and crashed in the mountains.
2、As the man tried to swing the speedboat round, the steering wheel came away in his hands.
as引导时间状语从句
steering wheel 方向盘
steer v. 掌舵，驾驶
eg. He carefully steered his car around the corner.
他小心地驾驶车子绕过那个拐角。
steer a ship 驾驶船
steersmen n. 舵手
come away 掉下，脱落
eg. When I tried to lift the suitcase, the handle came away.
当我试图提起箱子的时候，柄掉了下来。
3、He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes.
wave to sb. 向某人挥手
who had been water skiing for the last 15 minutes是个who引导的非限定性定语从句
for the last + 一段时间 （通常搭配完成时态）
4、Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea.
what was happening是个宾语从句，作动词realize的宾语
hardly … when 一…就…
（hardly是个否定词，当否定词提前，句子需要部分倒装。）
eg. Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.
= We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.
我们一到乡下就下雨了。
be thrown into 被抛进，被扔进
5、The speedboat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water.
across是个介词，表示穿过水面
6、Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore, when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle.
with dismay 惊愕地
that the speedboat was moving in a circle 的that从句作notice的宾语从句
7、It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed.
come towards 朝着来
straight adv. 笔直，径直
eg. go straight 直走；改邪归正
keep straight on 一直往前走
look straight up 仰看正上方
come straight to the point 一语说出问题的核心
at tremendous speed 以惊人的速度
eg. at full speed 以全速
8、In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away.
in less than a minute 不到一分钟
in less than 不及
eg. in less than no time 一会儿，立刻
roar
v. (猛兽)吼叫，咆哮
eg. Lions were roaring in the distance. 狮子在远处吼叫着。
v. 大声喊叫，吵嚷
eg. The patient roared with pain. 病人疼得大叫起来。
The audience roared with laughter at the joke.
对这个笑话观众们轰然大笑。
v. 轰鸣，呼啸
eg. The truck roared past. 卡车轰隆隆地驶了过去。
The thunder roared. 雷声隆隆。
roar oneself hoarse 喊哑了嗓子
set the room in a roar 引出满堂哄然大笑
set the table in a roar 引得满桌哄然大笑
9、After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return.
pass v. 经过（passed passed）
past prep. 经过
10、 They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle.
enough
adv. 足够地（修饰形容词，放在形容词之后）
eg. Your work is not good enough. 你的工作不够好。
I missed the train this morning. I didn’t get up early enough.
今天早上我没赶上火车，我起得不够早。
adj. 足够的（修饰名词，放在名词之前）
eg. I didn’t buy enough sugar. 我没买足够的糖。
There are enough flowers in that vase. 花瓶里的花够多的。
fairly adv. 相当，非常（修饰形容词，放在形容词之前）
eg. George is a fairly tall person but still not tall enough to get into the
police force. 乔治身材相当高，但要加入警察部队还不够高。
I knew he’s a fairly good player, but he doesn’t play well enough to get
into the team.
我知道他是个相当好的队员，但是他球还打得不够好还不能参加球队。
11、On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably.
on this occasion 这一次
slow down 慢下来
considerably adv. 很，颇，相当
considerable
adj. 很，可观的，相当的
eg. a considerable difference 明显的差别
adj. 重要的
eg. a considerable man 一个要人
considerate adj. 体贴的，考虑周到的
eg. be considerate of 体贴的，周到的
12、The petrol had nearly all been used up.
use up 用尽，耗尽（常用被动语态）
eg. The soldiers were used up after the long battle.
漫长的战斗之后，战士们耗尽了体力。
use的常见短语：
eg. bring sth. into use(n.) 启用
come into use 投入使用
puters have come into use in the class. 这个班开始使用计算机了。
make use of 利用
eg. You should make the best use of this chance. 你该充分利用这次机会。
He made use of his free time to learn French. 他利用闲暇时间学法语。
13、Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.
before long 不久
drop 渐渐消失
【Key Structures】
过去完成时：had + done
过去完成进行时：had been doing
【Special Difficulties】
Enough and Fairly
enough表示“足够”，用在形容词或副词之后，有“为了某种目的”的含义
I’m old enough to know I’m doing.
I didn’t arrive at the station early enough. 我到车站到得不够早（我误了火车）。
fairly表示“相当”，通常修饰表示肯定意义的词：
The water in the pool is fairly warm, but not warm enough to swim in.
He is fairly quick, but not quick enough to take part in the race.
【Summary Writing】
The moment the speedboat struck the buoy, both men were thrown into the water. As it moved off very quickly across the water, the men began to swim towards the shore. Turning in a circle, the speedboat came straight towards them. After it had just missed them, they swam until they were out of danger. When the boat returned it had lost speed. Soon all the petrol was used up and it floated across the water.
Because the speedboat had struck a buoy, both men were thrown into the water. It moved off very quickly and, while the men were swimming towards the shore, it turned in a circle, came straight towards them and only just missed them. They had no sooner swum out of danger than the boat returned. This time, however, it had lost speed because nearly all the petrol had been used up and it floated across the water.