新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson 37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会

Lesson 37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会
【New words and expressions】（9）
Olympic adj. 奥林匹克的
hold v. 召开
government n. 政府
immense adj. 巨大的
stadium n. 露天体育场
standard n. 标准
capital n. 首都
fantastic adj. 巨大的
design v. 设计
★Olympic adj. 奥林匹克竞赛的
the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会(= the Olympics)
the Olympic fire 奥林匹克圣火
★hold (held，held) v. 召开
(1) 举行，进行（会议、会谈等）= conduct
eg.have a meeting = hold a meeting 召开会议
hold习惯用被动：
The Olympic games was held in China in 2008. (two thousand eight)
The next conference will be held in Geneva.
下次会议将在日内瓦举行
庆祝（节日）；纪念 = celebrate
eg. Do you hold Christmas in your country
(3) 拿着，抓住，握住
eg. hold my hand = take hold of = catch hold of = get hold of
抓住
(4) 容纳 = contain
eg. This cup can’t hold much water. 这杯子装不了多少水。
The stadium can hold 20,000 people. 这个体育馆能容纳20000人。
坚持
eg. Hold on! 坚持住！
Hold the line. = Hold on a minute. 请稍等，不要挂断电话。
★government n. 政府
govern v. 治理、统治（国家、国民），抑制
eg. govern the people
govern a school
govern the city
govern one’s temper
eg. the local governement 地方政府
governor n. 管理者，统治者
★immense adj. 巨大的
★stadium n. 露天体育场
an indoor stadium 室内体育馆
playground n. 操场
gymnasium = gym n. 健身房，室内体育馆
（gymnasa (pl))
★standard n. 标准
n. 标准，水准，模范，规范
eg. living standard 生活水准 = the standard of living
standard time 标准时间（如北京时间）
adj. 标准的，一般的
eg. standard English 地道的英语
standard size 标准尺寸
adj. 极佳的，一流的
★capital n. 首都
n. 首都，省会
eg. London, Paris and Rome are capital cities.
(2) n. 大写字母 capital letter
eg. write in capitals 用大写字母书写
Begin your sentence with a capital. 句首用大写字母。
(3) n. 资本，资金
capitalism 资本主义
capitalist 资本家
adj. 致命的，可处死刑的
eg. capital punishment 死刑
★fantastic adj. 巨大的
(1) adj. 巨大的
= immense adj. 极大的, 无边的, 一望无际的
big 大的 small 小的
large 数量的大, 尺寸的大
great 伟大的, 重要的
big man 大人物 large man 大块头
great man 伟人
huge adj.(体积的)巨大的, 庞大，极大的, 无限的
fantastic adj. 巨大的(建筑等，表惊叹)，好极的, 宏伟的
(2) adj.(口）极好的，美妙的，很棒的
★design v. 设计
(1) v. 设计，拟订
eg. George has designed a new bridge.
(2) n. 图样，图纸；设计
eg.Susan has just drawn a design for a new dress.
Here is the design of the new house.
designer n. 设计师
well－designed 设计不错的（复合形容词：副词+过去分词）
【Text】
The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
参考译文
4年以后, 奥林匹克运动会将在我们国家举行. 由于将有大批的人到我们国家来, 所以政府准备建造一些新的饭店、一个大型体育场和一个新的奥运会标准游泳池. 他们还将修筑一些新的道路和一条铁路专线. 奥运会就在首都市郊举办, 整个地区将被称作 “奥林匹克城” . 工人们将在今年年底前把新路铺好; 到明年年底, 他们将把新体育场建成. 这些巨大的现代化建筑是由库尔特·冈特设计的. 大家都将急切地注视着新建筑的建成. 我们都非常激动, 盼望着奥运会的到来, 因为在这个国家里还从未举办过奥运会.
【课文讲解】
1、The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time.
The Olympic Games will be held 是一般将来时态的被动语态
改成主动语态是：
We will hold the Olympic Games in our country in four years’ time.
game n.[c] 游戏，比赛
eg. Playing house is one of the favorite games of children.
玩过家家是孩子们最喜欢的游戏之一。
games (pl.) 游戏（复数),运动会
the Games (国际）体育比赛
in four years’ time = in four years’
四年之后（in常与将来时连用表示“……时间之后”）
four years later 四年后
four years ago 四年前
2、As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool.
will be visiting 将来进行时态
as/because原因，as是连词，引出原因状语从句，as用于表示原因时通常位于句首，它所表明的原因对于讲话对象可能是已知的，因此没必要再予以强调。because任何时候都可代替as，来说明一种或几种原因，但as则不一定总能代替because。because一般跟在主句后面，强调讲话的对象可能不知道的原因。
a great many + pl. = a large number of + pl.许多
many a + single n. （谓语用单数）
3、They will also be building new roads and a special railway line.
will be building 修建(将来进行时态）
a special railway-line 专线铁路
The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called ‘Olympic City’.
will be held 一般将来时态的被动语态
outside prep. 在外面
will be called 一般将来时态的被动语态
5、Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
by the end of 与完成时态连用
eg.by the end of this year 到今年年底前
by the end of next year 到明年年底前
by是完成时的标志, 表示“到……为止，在……之前，并不晚于某时的任何时间”，不能与表示一段时间的名词名词连用，只能与表示时间点的名词或词组连用，用于肯定句与用于否定句有一定区别。
I’ll have left by Monday. 到星期一我将已离开。（星期一之前的任何时间）
I won’t have left by Monday. 我星期一之前不会离开。 （星期一还在）
in the end 最后（强调结果）
finally 最后（强调经历一个艰难过程后终于…）
at last 最后（强调次序）
at the end of + 时间/地点
eg. at the end of this month 这个月月底
at the end of this road 这条路的尽头
will have completed 将来完成时态
By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium.
work n. 工作
on prep. 关于
The fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter.
have been designed 现在完成时态的被动语态
8、Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up.
will be watching 将来进行时态
as是连词，相当于while，当“当，正值”讲，引出时间状语从句，它引导的从句虽然表示将来的动作但要用一般现在时，不能用 “…will go up”
be built强调建造；go up 向上，（建筑物）被兴建起来，拔地而起
9、We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
excited adj. 感到兴奋的(be excited 系表结构）
look forward to + n./pron./doing sth. (很高兴的)盼望，期待
（常用进行时态）
look forward to…与expect(期待)的区别是expect没有高不高兴的成分
eg. I’m looking forward to your letter. 我期待着你的来信。
look
n. 神情，表情
eg. good-looking 长相好看的
common-looking 长相普通的
ordinary-looking 长相普通的
have a look at 看一眼 = look at
vi.
eg. look at 看…
look for 寻找
look after 照顾
look into 向…里面看；调查，研究
look on 旁观
look through 透过…看；快速浏览
look over 反反复复地看
look back 回顾
look farward 向前看，渴望
look out 小心
look up 查字典；拜访；抬起头，仰视
【Key structures】　
一般将来完成时
一般将来时： will + do
现在完成时： have/has + 过去分词
将来完成时： will(shall）have + v.ed
表示将来某时会完成的事情，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响，常常与表将来的时间状语连用。
eg. I shall have finished this book before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
When we get there they’ll probably have left.
区别：一般将来时是将要发生的事。
一般将来时除了可以用来预言将来发生的事以外，还可以表示“意愿”，如允诺、建议、请求、提议等。
The radio hasn’t been mended yet. Never mind! I’ll mend it for you. （允诺）
Will you open the door for me please! （请求）
Shall we go for a swim tomorrow （建议）
将来进行时除了表示最近或不久的将来正在进行的动作外，还可以表示计划或安排好的事：
A great many people will be visiting the country.
将来完成时用于表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作。将来完成时由will have+过去分词构成。它常与by和not…till/until+表示时间的名词连用。
I hope they’ll have finished it in time for the journey.
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.
I will have finished it until/till tomorrow.
现在完成式 : 到现在某一点时间为止
过去完成式 : 到过去某一点时间为止
将来完成式 : 到将来某一点时间为止, 某个动作已经发生