新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson 36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡

Lesson 36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡
【New words and expressions】（8）
record n. 记录
strong adj. 强壮的
swimmer n. 游泳运动员
succeed v. 成功
train v. 训练
anxiously adv. 焦急地
intend v. 打算
solid adj. 固体的，硬的
★record n. 记录； vt. 记录
(1) n. 记录，记载
eg. a record of sth.
a record of accidents 交通事故记录
set up a new world record 创造一个世界记录
（set up = build up = make = create = establish创造)
keep a record = hold a record 保持记录
break a record 破记录
equalize a record 平记录 (equalize vt.使相等, 补偿)
n. 唱片
eg. a pop record 流行歌曲唱片
a jazz record 爵士音乐唱片
n. 成绩，经历，前科
eg. a school record 学习成绩
a police record 前科 = a criminal record
v. 记录，写下，录音，录影
eg. I recorded his lecture. 我记录下了他的演讲。
His speech was recorded on a tape. 他的演讲录在磁带上了。
This singer has not been recording for years.
这位歌手已经好几年未灌录唱片了。
recorder n. 录音机，录像机
stereo n. 立体声音响
radio n. 收音机
camera n. 摄相机，照相机
★strong adj. 强壮的
(1) 健壮的，结实的 -- 反义词 ：weak 虚弱的
as strong as horse 力大如牛
a strong wind 一阵大风/ heavy rain 大雨
strong girl (隐示不是很瘦, 结实)
strong mind 意志坚强
Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦
能力等优秀的，卓越的，学科等擅长的
strong points 优点/ weak points 缺点
strong swimmer 游泳能手
味道，气味等浓的，强烈的
strong tea 浓茶/ weak tea 淡茶
a strong smell 浓烈的气味
议论等有力的，有权威的
a strong argument 有力的论据
strong evidence 有力的证据
相关短语
strong room 保险库
strong language 骂人的话
strong drink 烈性的酒精饮料/ soft drink 软饮料
★swimmer n.游泳运动员
swim swam swum
v. 游泳
v. 滑动（像游泳般）
eg. The white clouds swam across the sky. 白云飘过天空。
相关短语
eg. teach fish to swim 班门弄斧
swim with the stream 顺着潮流
swim against the stream 违反潮流
★succeed v. 成功
反义词：fail v. 失败
succeed in sth. 在某方面成功
succeed in doing sth. 做某事成功
fail in sth. 在某方面失败
fail to do sth. 没能做成某事
fail in doing sth. 做某事不成功
success n. 成功,成功者
failure n. 失败，失败者
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
★train v. 训练
n. 火车
underground/tube (Br) 地铁
subway (Am) 地铁
v. 训练，培养
train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做……(教, 而且有让人形成某种技能)
teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做……(只是教, 会不会不管)
training center 培训中心
trainer 教练； trainee 受训练的人
employer 雇主； employee 雇员
interviewer 记者，面试官； interviewee 被采访人，被面试人
trainers (Br)运动鞋/ sneakers (Am)
★anxiously adv. 焦急地，忧虑地（修饰动词）
anxious adj. 焦急的，忧虑的，渴望的，盼望的
eg. anxious look 焦虑的表情
be anxious for 渴望某事
be anxious to do 渴望做某事
be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
anxiety n. 渴望，忧虑[u][c]
nervous 紧张的
worried 焦急的，担心的
anxious = very worried
annoyed 恼火的
angry 生气的
irritated 愤怒的，暴怒的
★intend v. 打算
intend to do sth. ＝ mean to do sth.
打算做某事 （不用将来时，用一般现在时）
plan to do sth. 计划做某事（不用将来时，用一般现在时）
hope to do sth. 希望做某事（不用将来时，用一般现在时）
have intended to do / intended to do 本打算做某事（虚拟结构）
intention n. 目的，打算，意图
tend v. 倾向，趋向
★solid adj. 固体的, 硬的
(1) n. 固体 / liquid 液体 / gas 气体
(2)adj.固体的/ liquid 液体的 / gaseous 气体的
(3)adj.实质的，非空心的 反义词：hollow 空心的
solid tires 充满了气的轮胎
a solid meal 一顿丰盛的饭
（此时无比较级和最高级）
adj. 结实的，牢固的
a solid table 一张结实的桌子
【Text】
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
参考译文
黛比·哈特准备明天横渡英吉利海峡. 她打算早上5点钟从法国海岸出发. 黛比只有11岁, 她希望创一项新的世界纪录. 她是一个游泳能手, 很多人认为她一定能成功. 黛比的父亲将乘一条小船同她一道出发. 哈特先生训练她的女儿已经多年了, 明天他将焦急地注视着女儿游过这段漫长的距离到达英国. 黛比计划每两小时休息一下. 她将喝些饮料, 但不吃固体食物. 黛比的大部分同学将在英国海岸等候她. 他们当中还会有黛比的母亲, 她本人还是个姑娘时, 也曾横渡过英吉利海峡!
【课文讲解】
1、Across the Channel
across prep. 横穿，横渡
cross v. 穿过，横过，交叉 n.十字架
through prep. 从内部穿过
the Channel＝the English Channel
英吉利海峡(当“C”大写时, 一定是指the English Channel)
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.
be going to do 准备做某事
3、She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning.
set out 出发 = set off
set out from… 从某地出发
set out to do sth. = set about doing sth. = set about sth.
着手做某事
4、Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record.
hope to do sth. 希望自己做…… （用一般现在时表示愿望）
hope that+从句 希望别人做……
set up为“创立，建立”，可以指某个具体的事物，如set up a school；也可以指抽象的，如某个机构、组织等。
set up a new world record = make a new world record
= build up a new world record = create a new world record
创造新的世界纪录
5、She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed.
a strong swimmer 游泳健将，游泳能手
feel (that) +从句 认为……，相信……（宾语从句中的that 可以省略）
= believe that
be sure to do sth. 肯定要做某事，一定要做某事（肯定语气比“must”（must + 动词原形，表示一定, 一种推测）强，对某件事情动词有把握）
be sure of… 一定会获得、赢得某事物
eg. Be sure to come early next time. 下次一定要早点来。
You are sure of a warm welcome. 你一定会得到一个热烈欢迎的。
6、Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years.
...with her 同她一道
in a boat = by boat 乘船
7、Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England.
will be watching 将来进行时（表达对将来的行为、状况的一种判断推测。）
watch 观看（指正在发生的事情）
look 看 （指看的动作）
as she swims the long distance to England
(as 引导时间状语从句，as = when当)
as 随着；由于，因为；一面…一面
eg. As she grew older, she became more beautilful.(随着）
As I had a cold, I was absent from school.(由于，因为）
He sang songs as he was taking a bath.(一面…一面 = while)
8、Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours.
intend to do sth. 打算做某事
rest作“休息”讲时，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。
take a rest = have a rest = take a break = have a break
休息一下
every two hours 每两小时
= every other hour 每隔一小时
every two days 每两天
= every other day 每隔一天
every three or four days 每三四天
every now and then 不时，偶尔
9、She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food.
something to drink 可以喝的东西（不定式作定语）
have something/nothing/anything to eat/read/do(修饰语放在其后）
eg. something important 重要的事
nothing important 没什么重要的事
anything else 别的什么事
solid adj. 固体的，非流体的
firm adj. 稳固的，不松动的，无疑的，严格的，严厉的
stable adj. 坚定的，常用来形容性格
10、Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast.
most + n. = most of the + n. 大多数的……
eg. most young people / most of the young people 大多数年轻人
will be waiting 将来进行时
eg. will be right here wating for you.
on the coast 在海边
11、Among them will be Debbie's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
此句为倒装句，未倒装前：
Debbie’s mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl, will be among them.
倒装句：地点+will+名词
常见的倒装句：Here you are. / Here is my ticket.
全部倒装：地点(介词短语或副词)+动词+名词
倒装句型中如果主语是名词, 放在动词后面, 如果是代词, 放在动词前面。
who引导限定性定语从句
among prep. 在……之中, ……之一(三者或三者以上)
between prep. 两者之间
限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句
没有逗号的是限定性定语从句
有逗号的是非限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句少了后面的句子, 这句话意思不完整,非限定性定语从句前面的句子完整, 后面的句子起着补充说明的作用
非限定性定语从句不可以用that，非限定性定语从句一旦有逗号隔开, 后面的句子和前面的句子关系不紧密, 起补充作用。
限定性定语从句：（去掉定语从句，句子变得含糊不清）
eg. He is the man who you are looking for. 他就是你要找的人。
The people who we met at the party were friendly to us.
我们遇到的这些人很友好。
非限定性定语从句：（去掉定语从句，对句子影响不大）
eg. He didn’t tell me any news ,which worried me.
他不告诉我任何消息，这件事情令我担心。（which代替前面整个句子）
Mary bought a little bird, which was very pretty.
(去掉which was very pretty, 主句仍然完整成立）
【Key structure】
一般将来时
will do sth./ shall do sth.
2、be going to + v.原形（am, is, are)
表示打算、准备做的事或即将发一或肯定要发生的事。
在陈述句和疑问句中，我们常常可用be going to 来代替shall或will,但在条件句或类似这样的句子中，我们不能用be going to。
eg. You will enjoy yourself if you travel by sea.
某些动词表示按计划或时刻表要做的事，用一般现在时或进行时表示一般将来时。
eg. mean to do; plan to do; hope to do; intend to do
趋向性动词，表示要发生的事，用现在进行时表示将来时。
eg. go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, return, join
I’m coming to see you. = I will see you.
The train is leaving. = The train will leave.
5、be to do表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方意见。
eg. When is the factory to go into production？
工厂什么时候投入生产？
be about to do… 正要做…
eg. We are about to leave. 我们正要出发。
set out to do 着手做某事
【Special Difficulties】
Watch, Look at, Follow
Watch (something happening) 观看 (正在发生的事情)，注视，注意看
Do you have to watch me eating my supper 你非得看我吃晚饭吗？
How long have you been watching the race
Look at 仔细看，（留意）看
Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。
Follow (go after) 跟随 (走在后面)
I followed my mother into the kitchen. 我跟着母亲走进厨房.
The dog followed me all the way home.
在特定的时候，follow也可以表示注视，即用目光“跟随”：
Have you ever seen a cat follow/watch a bird’s every movement
你有没有见过猫注视鸟的一举一动？
Solid, Firm, Stable
Solid (not liquid) 固体的 (非流体的)，硬的(固体)；结实的，坚固的（指家具、建筑物等）
This is a solid table. 这张桌子很结实。
Firm
① (not loose) 稳固的 (不松动)，不会更改的，牢固的
I've fixed that hook. It is firm now. 我把鱼钩固定好了, 现在它很牢固.
This table is firm. You can stand on it.
② (not doubtful) (无疑) 表示态度、信念等坚定的、坚决的
He gave me a firm refusal. 他断然拒绝.
He is firm about going abroad. 在出国这件事上他态度很坚决。
③ (not lenient) 严格的，严厉的
You must be very firm with that child. 对那个孩子你一定要非常严格.
Stable (often describing character) 坚定的，稳重的, 可靠的，可信赖的（指人的性格）；稳定的，稳固的（指工作、机构、环境等）
He is a very stable person. 他是一个性格坚定的人.
He is not a very stable person. 他不太稳重/可靠。
I’m glad that you’ve got a stable job now.