新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson 43 Over the South Pole 飞越南极

Lesson 43 Over the South Pole 飞越南极
【New words and expressions】（13）
pole n.（地球的）极
flight n. 飞行
explorer n. 探险家
lie v. 处于
serious adj. 严重的
point n. 地点
seem v. 似乎
crash v. 坠毁
sack n. 袋子
clear v. 越过
aircraft n. 飞机
endless adj. 无尽的
plain n. 平原
★pole n.（地球的）极
(1) 波兰人 / poland 波兰
(2) (地球的)极，极地
the South Pole 南极；
the North Pole 北极
Pole Star 北极星
(3) 电极
the positive pole 正极
the negative pole 负极
(4) 杆，棒，柱
a flag pole 旗杆
telephone pole 电线杆
★flight n. 飞行
(1) 飞行，航班
eg. This is his first flight over the North Pole. 这是他第一次飞越北极。
All flights have been cancelled because of the fog.
因为雾的缘故所有航班都取消了。
flight recorder 飞行记录器，黑匣子
(2) (飞鸟的)群，（飞机的）一队
eg. a flight of wild geese 一群飞雁（ goose单， geese 复）
(3) 一段楼梯
eg. a flight of stairs 一段楼梯
fly flew flown v. 飞
★explorer n. 探险家, 探测者, 探测器 [计]Windows资源管理器
explore v.探险, 探测
eg. explore the North Pole 探险北极
exploration n.(科研相关)探险,探求,开发
★lie v. 处于
(1) v. 平躺，位于 lie – lay –lain –lying
lie on one’s back 仰面躺着
lie on one’s stomach 趴着
lie on one’s side 侧躺
lie in bed 躺在床上
(2) v. 放，置于 lie - laid - laid - laying
eg. Taiwan lies in the east of China. 台湾位于中国的东部。
Lay the book where it was. 把书放回原处。
(3) v. 说谎 lie - lied - lied - lying
(4) n. 谎话 tell a lie 说谎话
★serious adj. 严重的
(1) 严肃的，正经的
eg. a serious conversation 一次严肃的谈话
a serious person 一个严肃的人
(2) 重大的，危险的
eg. a serious problem 一个严重的问题
a serious mistake 一个严重的错误
a serious accident 一次严重的事故
a serious trouble 一个严重的麻烦
seriously adv. 认真地，危险地
eg. Don’t look at me so seriously. 别那样一本正经地看着我。
He was seriously injured in the traffic acciden. 他在交通事故中受伤严重。
★point n. 地点
(1) 地点，位置
eg. a particular point 某个地点
a point of departure 出发点
a turning point 转折点
at one point 在某个地方，在某一时刻或瞬间
strong point 优点
weak point 缺点
(2) 点（几何中）
eg. AB and CD intersect at point P. AB与CD交于P点。
(3) 小数点，句号
eg. 2.6 读作 two point six
(4) 尖端，尖头
eg. knife-point 刀尖
pencil-point 铅笔尖
★seem v. 似乎，看起来（不用于进行时态）
= appear 看起来
seem to be 看起来是
seem like 看起来像
seem as if /as though 看起来似乎……
seem that + 从句 看起来似乎……
★crash v. 坠毁
(1) v. 猛撞，撞毁，坠毁
eg. The plane crashed in the mountains. 飞机在山脉里坠毁了。
A Chinese plane crashed in Korea recently. 一架中国飞机在韩国坠毁了。
(2) v. 突然倒下，撞击…后发出声响，哗啦一声地冲撞
eg. The dishes crashed to the floor. 餐具哗啦一声掉到地板上。
The wall crashed down. 那面墙哗啦一声倒塌了。
(3) n. 相撞，（飞机的）坠毁、迫降，哗啦声，轰隆声
eg. All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.
所有乘客在飞机失事中丧生了。
a crash of thunder 雷声轰鸣
aircrash 空难
carcrash 车祸
★sack n. 袋子
a sack of rice 一袋大米
put food in a sack 把食物装进口袋
★clear v. 越过
(1) v. 经过，越过（上方没有接触地，凌空地）
eg. clear the mountain 飞跃山峰
The horse cleared the fense. 马越过了栅栏。
（fense n.篱笆,栅栏,墙 v.围住,防护）
clear up 天空放晴
clear away 消除
(2) v. 移走
eg. clear the table 移桌子
clear one’s throat 清嗓子
clear snow from the streets 清理街上的积雪
(3) adj. 清楚的，明白的，明显的
eg. Are you clear 你明白了吗？
★aircraft n. 飞机 (craft 飞行器)
= plane = airplane = aeroplane
bomber 轰炸机
fighter 战斗机
aircraft 飞行器，飞机，飞船，飞艇
helicopter 直升飞机
shuttle 航天飞机
★endless adj. 无尽的
endless = without end
eg. the endless road 看不到尽头的路
the endless wait 无尽的等待
-less (表否定含义的形容词)
eg. hopeless 毫无希望的 treeless 光秃秃的
helpless 无助的 careless 粗心大意的
useless 无用的 valueless 毫无价值的
worthless 毫无价值的
end
n. 末端，尽头
eg. the end of a road 路的尽头
a cigarette end 烟头
(2) n. 结束，终止，终结
eg. at the end of the year 年末
in the end = at last = finally 最后，终于
ending n. 结尾，结局（尤指故事、电影或戏剧）
★plain n. 平原
(1) n. 平原，旷野
eg. grassy plain 草原（grassy adj. 长满草的）
adj. 清楚的，明白的 = clear
eg. The notes you took are very clear. 你记的笔记非常清楚。
adj. 普通的，平常的
eg. plain clothes 便服
plain people 平民
adj. 朴素的，简朴的
eg. plain living 朴素的生活
plain looking 相貌平平
plain food 清淡的食物（反义词：rich food 油腻的食物）
【Text】
In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.
参考译文
美国探险家 R.E. 伯德在飞越北极3年之后, 于1929年第一次飞越了南极. 虽然开始时伯德和他的助手们拍下了飞机下面连绵群山的大量照片, 但他们很快就陷入了困境. 在有个地方, 飞机似乎肯定要坠毁了. 只有在飞至10,000英尺的高度时, 它才能飞过这些山头. 伯德马上命令他的助手们把两个沉重的食物袋扔掉, 于是飞机可以上升了, 它在离山头400英尺的高度飞越了过去. 伯德这时知道他能够顺利飞抵300英里以外的南极了, 因为前面再没有山了. 飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的白色原野!
【课文讲解】
1、In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time.
over 越过，横越
for the first time 第一次（time表示“次，回”，还可以说this time，last time，next time，another time，each time，for the last time等）
fly over 飞越
2、Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble.
连词though引导让步状语从句，其含义是“虽然……，尽管…”
eg. Although/Though/Even though I felt sorry for him ,I was secretly pleased that he was having difficulties.
虽然我为他感到惋惜，但对他的困难我却暗自高兴。
take a photograph of… 拍……的照片
a great many + (pl.) 许多，大量
that lay below 做定语从句修饰mountains
run into trouble = get into trouble 遇到麻烦，陷入困境
ask for trouble 自找麻烦
3、At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash.
at one point 在某一地方，在某一时刻（point也指时间上的某一点）
有关at的短语：
at first 起初，首先
at once 立刻，马上
at home 在家
at present 现在
at school 上学
arrive at 到达
at last 最后，终于
at any rate 不管怎样 （rate n. 速度，比率）
at heart 内心里，从本质上讲
at least 至少
at times 有时候
at a loss 不知如何是好，茫然，困惑（loss n. 损失）
it seemed certain that = it seemed to be sure that
4、It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet.
get over = fly over = clear 飞越
rise to … 上升至……
rise rose risen
5、Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks.
throw out 抛出，丢弃
throw away 抛弃
throw up 放弃（职业，学业等），呕吐
6、The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.
by prep.
相差，以……之差
eg. She is taller than I by three centimeters. 他比我高3厘米。
(2) 在…旁边
eg. by the fire; by the lake
经过，沿着
eg. He came throught the field, not by the road.
他不是沿着马路，而是直接穿过田野来的。
在…之前
eg. I have to go back by ten o’clock. 我必须10点前回去。
以…， 用…
eg. by train; by phone; by airmail用航空邮寄
【Key structures】
Can and Be able to
can 只有现在时和过去时，can – could, 此外could有时并不强调过去时而表示
请求，更加礼貌、客气。
be able to 可用于各种时态。
情态助动词can/could用于表示请求别人允许或答复时的情况:
Can/Could I borrow you pen
can有时可以表示可能性：
I can have lunch with your tomorrow if you like.
2. 当我们要表明一个动作已经成功地完成的时候，我们必须用was/were able to，不能用could. 如果表示某一动作没有取得成功， 则可用couldn’t
3. 在表示天生的或学到的能力时，can/could可用于现在时和过去时，can/could与be able to通常可以互换，表示将来的“能力”时，则用will be able to：
I could drive a car by the time I was sixteen.
I tried again and found I could/was able to swim.
Can Jane swim yet
No, but she’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time.
在谈到说话时正在发生的事时，一般不用be able to：
Look! I can stand on my head.