新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson 56 Faster than sound 比声音还快

Lesson 56 Faster than sound! 比声音还快！
【New words and expressions】（11）
sound n. 声音
excitement n. 激动，兴奋
handsome adj. 漂亮的；美观的
Rolls-Royce 罗尔斯--罗伊斯
Benz n. 奔驰
wheel n. 轮子
explosion n. 爆炸，轰响
course n. 跑道；行程
rival n. 对手
speed v. 疾驶
downhill adv. 下坡
★sound n. 声音
（1）n. 声音
eg.the sound of the wind 风的声音
the sound of the sea 大海的声音
the sound of a car 汽车的声音
the sound of music 音乐之声
the sound of voices 说话的声音
sound-recording 录音
sound n. 任何声音都可以
voice n. 人的声音
noise n. 和周围不和谐的声音, 噪音
（2）v. 听起来(sound是系动词，后接形容词作表语)
eg. sound like 听起来像
That music sounds beautiful. 那个音乐听起来很美。
That music sounds sad. 那个音乐听起来很忧伤。
Your explanation sounds reasonable. 你的解释听起来合情合理。
（3）adj. (睡眠)酣睡的，香甜的
soundly adv. （睡眠）酣睡地，香甜地
sleep soundly 睡得很香
have a sound sleep 美美地睡了一觉
★excitement [u] n. 激动, 兴奋
eg. cause excitement 引起激动
to one's excitement… 令某人激动的是……
excite v. 使…兴奋，刺激
eg. His story excites me very much. 他的故事令我非常激动。
excited adj. 感到激动的
eg. an excited mob 激动的人群
exciting adj. 令人激动的
eg. an exciting moment 兴奋的时刻
The most exciting thing is that… 最令人激动的是……
The most surprising thing about it is that 最令人惊讶的事情是……
It excited me that… 让我激动的是……
★handsome adj. 漂亮的, 美观的
（1）（指男子）好看的，漂亮的，英俊的，相貌堂堂的
（2）美观的，漂亮的
eg. a handsome horse 一匹骏马
a handsome building 一幢很漂亮的建筑
handsome与人连用有阳刚的美，与物相连表示美观大方，并表示制作精良；handsome跟女性连用的时候就表示这个女孩子有阳刚气，类似女侠的概念。
beautiful形容人的时候表示内在和外在美的统一, 完美的概念，也可形容物。
pretty 美丽(用于女孩或小孩)，有柔美的意思，pretty跟男性连用就表示没有阳刚气，女性化。
nice 美好的(人，天气, 食物, 物品的品质等)
lovely 可爱的
good-looking 很好看的
smart 小巧而美丽的(物)或时髦而美丽的(人)
cute 漂亮, 常用来形容小孩
-some 与名词或动词复合构成形容词，描述人或物的特征或属性。
eg. quarrelsome 爱与人争吵的
bothersome 令人讨厌的或惹人恼火的
= tiresome
worrisome 令人担心的
troublesome 麻烦的
★wheel n. 轮子
（1）n. 车轮，轮子
eg. the wheels of car 汽车轮子
wheel chair 轮椅
（2）方向盘，舵轮 （steering wheel）
eg. be behind wheel 握着方向盘(在开车)
= sit behind wheel = be at the wheel = sit at the wheel
Will you take the wheel 你来开车好吗？
★explosion n. 爆炸, 轰响
explosion n. 爆炸（声），（愤怒，笑声等）爆发
eg. a bomb explosion 炸弹的爆炸
The explosion was heard a mile away. 炸弹在一英里外爆炸。
an explosion of laughter 轰堂大笑
explode vt. 使爆炸；vi. 爆炸
eg. explode a bomb 引爆炸弹
The fireworks exploded in his hand. 烟火在他手里爆炸了。
At last his anger exploded. 终于他勃然大怒。
The audience exploded in laughter. 观众轰然大笑。
explosive n. 爆炸物,炸药；
adj. 爆炸(性)的, 爆发(性)的, 暴露
★course n. 跑道，行程
（1）n. 航线，路线，行程
eg. a southward course 向南的路线
Our course is directly north. 我们的路线是朝正北。
（2）n. 进程，过程
eg. the course of history 历史的进程
The course of learning English is bitter, but the result is exciting.
学习英语的过程是痛苦的，但结果是令人激动的。
（3）n. 课程，课题，讲座
eg. an English course 一堂英语课程
an art course 一堂艺术课程
on the course 按照轨道运行
of course = certainly 当然
of the course
off course 偏离轨道
★rival n. 对手,竞争者
eg. a business rival 商业对手
a rival company 同行（业）
She has no rivals in this field. 在那个领域她没有竞争对手。
competitor n. 竞争者, 对手
opponent n. 对手,对方，敌手 反对者
contender n. 竞争者
challenger n. 挑战者
enemy n. 敌人
match n. 对手，匹敌者
★speed（sped，sped） v. 疾驶
（1）v. (使)急行，促进
speed – sped – sped
speed up 加速
speed down 减速
speeding n. 超速行驶
a speeding ticket 超速罚款单
（2）n. 速度
eg. at a speed of 以…的速度
at a very low speed 以很慢的速度
at top speed = at full speed 以全速
More haste, less speed. 速欲则不达。（haste n.匆忙）
★downhill adv. 下坡
反义词：uphill adv. 上坡
down - 表方向：
downstairs 下楼 —— upstairs 上楼
downriver 顺流 —— upriver 逆流
downstream 顺流 —— upstream 逆流
downwards 朝下 —— upwards 朝上
downwind 顺风 —— upwind 逆风
downtown 商业区，闹市区 —— uptown 非商业区
go downhill 恶化，每况愈下
【Text】
Once a year, a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them! A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour -- much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.
参考译文
旧式汽车的比赛每年举行一次. 去年有很多汽车参加了这项比赛. 比赛开始之前, 人们异常激动. 最漂亮的汽车之一是罗尔斯-罗伊斯生产的银鬼汽车, 而最不寻常的一辆则要属只有3只轮子的奔驰牌汽车了. 该车造于1885年, 是参赛车中最老的一辆. 在好一阵喧闹的爆炸声之后, 比赛开始了. 很多汽车在途中就抛了锚, 而有些驾驶员花在汽车底下的时间比坐在汽车里面的时间还长. 然而还是有几辆汽车跑完了全程. 获胜的那辆车达到了时速40英里——远远超过任何对手. 它在接近终点时, 冲下了山坡, 驾驶员费了好大劲才把车停下来. 这次比赛使每个人都挺开心. 它虽然与现代汽车比赛大不相同, 但激动人心的程度并不亚于现代汽车大赛.
【课文讲解】
1、Once a year, a race is held for old cars.
once a year 一年一次
once a week 一周一次
once a month 一月一次
once——twice——three times——four times
once or twice 一两次，偶尔
once adv. 曾经
eg. We once lived in Shanghai. 我们曾经住在上海。
be held for 比赛为……而举行
2、A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began.
enter for 报名参加
a great deal of +不可数名词 大量的……
a great number of +可数名词 许多……
a great many +可数名词 许多……
just before =just (起强调作用)
3、One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost.
one of …之一（直接作主语的时候, 它是做单数看待的）
(如果在定语从句中出现了one of作为先行词，它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词；如果在one of前面还有一修饰词only，那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词，才作单数看。)
eg. He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
handsome （指男子）好看的，漂亮的，英俊的，相貌堂堂的
pretty ,beautiful修饰女子、儿童
good-looking 修饰男子或女子
4、The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels.
which had only three wheels定语从句，修饰Benz
5、Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part.
Built in 1885 过去分词短语做状语，表示原因
= As it was built in 1885.(原因状语从句)
…taking part 现在分词短语做定语修饰car
take part in 参加
take place （必要事件）发生
be held 被召开，举行
occur/happen （偶然事件）发生
After a great many loud explosions, the race began.
a great many + 可数名词复数 许多，大量
after explosions 许多爆炸声之后
7、Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them!
break down 车子抛锚，（机械等）出故障，出毛病
eg. The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统出故障了。
We broke down on the highway. 我们在高速公路上抛锚了。
Give me a break! 够了，住嘴！
without a break 毫不休息地
同音异义字: brake 刹车
eg. put on the brakes 踩刹车
many cars 许多车子
many of the cars 车子当中的许多
eg.many students 许多学生
many of my students 我教过的许多学生
some pictures 一些照片
some of the pictures 那些照片中的一些
spend 花（钱、时间、精力）
spend sth. on
eg. He spent all his saving on a new car. 他花了他所有积蓄买了辆新车。
He spent 50 dollars at the supermarket. 在超市里他花了50美元。
spend…(in) doing sth. 花（时间/金钱）,度过
eg. I spent a month in Sweden last summer. 我去年夏天在瑞典呆了一个月。
How did you spend your summer vacation 你怎么过的暑假？
under the car指在车下面修理；in the car指正常驾驶。句中的under和in都是斜体，英文中的斜体字起强调作用。
8、A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour -- much faster than any of its rivals.
however 然而（插入语）
the winning car 获胜车
reach vt. 到达，达到，达成，伸出手，拿到
eg. We will reach Beijing tonight. 我们今天晚上将到达北京。
He reached the end of that novel. 他读完那本小说了。
I can’t reach the shelf. 我够不着那个架子。
arrive vi. 必须用介词in或at, 城市、国家、省份等大地方用in; 车站、港口、机场、村庄等小地方用at。
eg. We arrived in New York yesterday. We arrived at the station in good time.
我们昨天到达了纽约，我们及时赶到了车站。
a speed of +数量词 速度为……
of 40 miles an hour 后置定语，修饰speed
much faster 快得多（a little faster 快一点）
(much hotter 热得多；much more expensive 远远贵得多；much slower 慢得多；
much heavier 重得多）
eg. She is much better today. 她今天好多了。
That was much the best meal I’ve ever tasted.
那是我吃过的最好的一餐了。
My favorite is usually much the most expensive.
我最喜欢的通常是最贵的。
any pron. 任何一个（用于肯定句）
any of its rivals＝any rival 任何一个竞争对手
any 在比较级中一旦出现, 它往往要加可数名词的单数
eg. I think any of his movies would interest you.
我想他的任何一部电影都会让你感兴趣的。
Any of you can apply for the job.
你们中任何人都能申请这份工作。
Beijing is bigger than any other city. （注意 “other” 不能丢）
(如果是不定代词, 可以说someone else, anyone else；如果不是不定代词, 要在名词前加other. )
9、It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it.
at the end of… 在…的末尾，在…结束时
反义： at the beginning of 在…开始时
eg. He spoke a few words at the end of the meeting.
in the end = at last 最后，终于
by the end of… 在…结束之前
= before the end of …
have trouble (in) doing sth. 干……有麻烦，做……很困难
（trouble既可数又不可数）
eg. He has no trouble in operating the new machine.
他操作新机器毫无困难。
10、The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure.
give sb.+n. 给某人……
give sb. pleasure 给某人快乐
give sb. a fright 吓了某人一跳
give sb. a surprise 给某人一个惊喜
a great deal of + 不可数名词 大量的，许多的
11、It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.
modern car race 现代车赛
be different from 和……不同
no less … than 不亚于，不少于
（= as many/much as 强调多）
eg. The audience was no less than five thousand. 听众有五千人之多。
not less … than 至少和…一样
(= at least as )
eg. She is not less beautiful than Mary. 她至少和玛丽一样漂亮。
no more … than 仅仅，只有
（= only）
eg. He is no more than a worker. 他仅仅是个工人。
not more … than 不如，至多
（= at most as）
eg. He is not more diligent than you are. 他不像你那样勤奋。
【Key Structures】
many以及much用法：
many 与much既可用作限定词，又可用作代词；前者修饰可数名词，后者修饰不可数名词。
表“许多”还可用a lot of, 可修饰[c]、[u]，常用于肯定句中。
用于修饰可数名词的有：
many: a great many , a good many, a great number of , a large number of
few: a few,
用于修饰不可数名词的有：
much: a great deal of, a good deal of
little: a little, a large amount of
既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有：
a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of
the same as ,be different from
比较关系的句型
as…as 和……一样
the same (…) as 与……相同/同样
You’ve made the same mistake as Tom.
有时the same可以单独使用：
My mother is much younger than yours.
She isn’t! They’re about the same age.
Those two dress are the same.
not so…as / not as…as 不如……
different from 与……不同（different前面可加very，much，a little等修饰语）
Is French food very different from Italian food
A Frenchman could tell you better than I can!
We’re planning something different this year from what we did last year.
litte和few在口语中多用not much，not many代替：
There isn’t much sugar/aren’t many sweets, but you can have a little/few.
much和many通常用于否定句和疑问句（正式文体除外）。在日常谈话中，通常避免在肯定句中使用much和many，而用别的数量词。口语中用得最多的表示“许多”的数量词是a lot of，它既可以与复数可数名词连用也可以与不可数名词连用，后面的动词用单数还是复数取决于名词。比a lot of正式一些的表达方式有：a great/good deal of+不可数名词，a great/good/large number of+复数名词，a great/good many of+复数名词。
在what引导的感叹句中不用much/many：
What a lot of sweets Tom’s bought!
I am less lucky. 我还不如他们幸运.
more exciting 更激动 = not less exciting.
【Special difficulties】
Handsome, Beautiful, Pretty, Good-looking
handsome adj. 漂亮的，英俊的，一般用来形容男子，也可以指东西的制作精良
beautiful adj. 美丽的，给人美感的，令人愉悦的，完美的，强调内在和外在的结合，用来形容女子、孩童、花草、服饰等，一般不用来形容男子的长相
pretty adj. 漂亮的，可爱的，令人怜爱的，强调女孩和小孩的外表美丽
good-looking adj. 好看的，标致的，美貌的，男女均适用
My furniture is good-looking.
Reach and Arrive in/at
reach vt. 到达，达到（适用的范围比较广，不仅仅限于地点）
When you reach my age, you’ll be able to understand it.
Can you get that book down for me please I can’t reach it.
arrive vi. 到达，抵达
在表示到达某个较大的地方时用arrive in，到达某个较小的地方/场所用arrive at
When I arrived at the station, the train had already gone.
Take part and Take place
take part (in) 参加，参与
I didn’t take part in their conversation.
It was the lodest car taking part.
take place＝happen 发生，进行，举行
What happened = What took place
All these took place before you were born.
The Olympic Games will take place in our country in four years’ time.