新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise 是因祸得福吗？

Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise 是因祸得福吗？

【New words and expressions】（16）
blessing n. 福分，福气
disguise n. 伪装
tiny adj. 极小的
possess v. 拥有
cursed adj. 可恨的
increase v. 增加
plant v. 种植
church n. 教堂
evil adj. 坏的
reputation n. 名声
claim v. 以……为其后果
victim n. 受害者，牺牲品
vicar n. 教区牧师
source n. 来源
income n. 收入
trunk n. 树干
★blessing n. 福气, 福分
ask for God’s blessing 求神保佑
say a blessing 做祷告
count one’s blessings 知足
a blessing in disguise 初看似乎不幸，过后看来却是幸运的事
因祸得福
bless v. 保佑
bless – blessed - blessed
eg. God bless you! = Bless you! 上帝保佑你
★disguise n. 伪装
（1）n. 伪装
eg. wear a beard as a disguise 用络缌胡子伪装
He was in disguise, so I couldn’t recognize him.
他乔装打扮过了，所以我没认出他来。
（2）v. 伪装，假扮
eg. I couldn’t disguise my anger. 我掩饰不住自己的愤怒。
He disguised himself as a woman for fun. 他男扮女装是为了好玩。
disguise one’s voice 发假声。
★tiny adj. 极小的
= very very small
tiny – tinier – tiniest
small 小的
little 小的（含有可爱之意）
mini-构成合成词：
minibus 小巴
miniskirt 迷你裙
minicab 微型出租汽车
puny 弱小的（贬义）
eg. A tiny little girl was singing very well on TV.
一个纤小的女孩在电视上唱得很好。
★possess v. 拥有
eg. They possess three cars. 他们有三辆汽车。
possess patience 有耐性
possess courage 有勇气
be possessed with sth. 被…控制，支配(指人的思想)
= be possessed by sth.
eg. She was suddenly possessed with fear. 她突然被恐惧的情绪控制。
= She was suddenly possessed by fear. （她突然感到非常害怕.）
possession n. 拥有, 占有, 所有, 着迷, 领土, 领地, 财产(常用复数)
[u] = ownership 领有，持有，具有
eg. I’ve had possession of this house for 7 years.
我拥有这个房子已经7年了。
[c] 财产
eg. He lost all his possessions in the fire.
他在大火中丧失了所有财产。
be in possession of 拥有
in one's possession 某人有某物
possessor n. 拥有者
= owner
possessed adj. （被强烈的感情、恶魔等）缠附的，疯狂的
eg. He studied like one possessed. 他拼命用功。
He fought like a man possessed. 他进行了殊死的战斗。
★cursed adj. 可恨的，讨厌的（定）
被诅咒的, 邪恶的
= hateful = unpleasant
(如果有-ed构成形容词, 做为形容词读音要读/id/)
curse
n. 咒骂的话，咒语，脏话
eg. be under a curse 被诅咒的
The witch laid a curse upon the princess. 这个巫婆诅咒那个公主。
= The witch laid the princess under a curse.
v. 诅咒
eg. He cursed (at) his bad luck. 他诅咒他的坏运气。
I cursed her for spoiling my plans. 我诅咒她破坏了我的计划。
★increase vt. 增加
(1) v.增加，增长
eg. increase one’s speed 加速
The population has increased greatly. 人口急剧增长。
increased profits 增大的利润
（2） n.增加的量
eg. a wage increase 工资增加额
an increase of 50% over last year 比去年增长50%
= a 50% increase
同义词:
add to 增加，增加到（及物动词）
raise 提高，增长
grow 增加，成长(不及物动词)
enlarge 变大，扩大，增大
反义词：
decline (数量，力量，权力等)削减
decrease 变少，变小
reduce 减少
★plant v. 种植
（1）n. 植物，树木
eg. wild plant 野生植物
garden plant 花园植物
plants and animals 动植物
（2）n. 工厂，生产设备
eg. a chemical plant 化工厂
a power plant 电力工厂
（3）n. 眼钱，卧底
eg. They discovered that he was a police plant.
他们发现他是个警察卧底。
（4）v. 种植，栽种
eg. We’re going to plant trees around the house.
我们打算在房子周围种满树。
planter 种植者、花盆
plant强调把东西给种下去
eg. plant tree 种树(只是种, 活不活不管)
Tree Planting day 植树节
grow v. 生长
eg. grow sth. 种庄稼(不但种, 还要让它生长)
★church n. 教堂，礼拜，礼拜仪式
go to church 去教堂做礼拜
churchgoer 按时去教堂做礼拜的人
church加the 表示地点；church不加the和功能有关
go to the church 去教堂玩
I am at the church. 在教堂玩
I am at church. 在做礼拜
= I am in church.
类似： go to school 上大学
go to university 上大学
go to college 上大学
be out of hospital 出院
be sent to prison 入狱
be at work 上班
★evil adj. 坏的
（1）adj. 令人不快的，坏的，有害的
eg. an evil smell 难闻的气味
an evil temper 坏脾气
evil weather 恶劣的天气
give sb. the evil eye 恶毒的目光
an evil tongue 说人坏话的恶习
（2）adj. 道德败坏的，邪恶的
= wicked adj. 邪恶的
eg. an evil reputation 一个恶名声
★reputation n. 名声
（1）[c] 名声
good reputation 好名声
bad reputation 坏名声
eg. She has a reputation for generosity. 她以慷慨出名。
have a reputation for laziness 以懒惰出名
（2）信誉
eg. establish a reputation 树立声誉
= build up a reputation
= make a reputation
eg. He is eager to win a reputation. 他渴望获得名声。
live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名，行为与声望相符
fame n. 名声（一定是好名声）, 名望, 传说, <古>传闻
famous adj. 著名的, 出名的, <口>极好的, 令人满意的
★claim v. 以……为其后果
(1) v. 要求，索要（应得的权利或财物）；索赔
claim the insurance 索取保险金
claim the reward 要求奖赏
（2）v. (指灾难、事故等)使（某人）失踪或死亡
eg. The earthquake claimed thousands of victims.
The accident claimed a few lives.
v. 声称，声言，断言
eg. claim to do … (某人)声称曾经…
He claimed to have seen the Mona Lisa.
他宣称他曾看过蒙娜丽莎（那幅画）。
claim that …
The lawyer claimed that the defendant(被告)was not guilty.
律师声称被告是无罪的。
（4）n. 索赔
（5）n. 权利，资格
eg. They have no claim to this property. 他们没有资格取得这些财产。
★victim n. 受害者，牺牲品
= sufferer 受害者
eg. the victims of a plane crash 空难事件的受害者
fall (a) victim to … 成为…的牺牲品
★vicar n. 教区牧师
★source n. 来源
（1）河流的发源地
eg. the source of the Nile 尼罗河的发源地
（2）来源，出处
eg. a limited source of income 有限的收入来源
news from a reliable source 来源可靠的消息
the source of the trouble 纷争来源
historical sources 史料
a source book 原始资料
sauce n. 沙司, 酱油, 调味料；vt. 调味, 使增加趣味（读音与source相同）
★income n. 收入
eg. What’s your income 你的收入怎么样？
I have an income of 200 dollars a week. 我每周收入200美元。
earned income 工作所得
unearned income 非工作所得
pay 工资
wage 周薪
salary 月薪
bonus 奖金，红包
rent 租金
interest 利息
DINK-丁克家族 : D－double，I－income，N－no，K－kids
★trunk n. 树干,躯干，衣箱，干线，主流
eg. He had a powerful trunk. 他身材伟岸。
She packed her trunk. 她把衣箱装满了。
the trunk of the Nile 尼罗河的主流
trunk call 长途电话
= long distance call
【Text】
The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!

参考译文
据说弗林利这个小村里有一棵 “该诅咒的树” . 就因为报上提到过这棵树, 所以现在来弗林利参观的人越来越多. 该树是50年前栽在教堂附近的, 但只是近几年才得到了一个坏名声. 据说, 谁要是触摸了这棵树, 谁就会交上恶运; 如果谁摘了一片树叶, 谁就会死去. 很多村民相信此树已经害了不少人. 人们曾请求教区的牧师叫人把树砍掉, 但他直到现在也没有同意. 他指出, 由于人们从全国各地纷纷前来参观这棵树, 它成了一个有用的财源. 尽管有上述种种说法, 但游客们还是照常摘树叶和把他们的名字刻在树干上. 然而到目前为止, 还没有一个人暴死呢!

【课文讲解】
1、The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'.
the tiny village of Frinley
弗林利这个小村庄(其中介词of表示的是同位关系)
eg. the city of Beijing 名叫北京的城市
at the age of twenty 20岁时
a height of three feet 三英尺的高度
is said to possess 被动语态
= It is said that the tiny village of Frinley possesses a ‘cursed tree’.
据说……（是对不太有把握的事发表看法时一种谨慎的说法）
2、Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.
mention vt. 提到, 提及
eg. mention to sb. 对某人说
He mentioned to me that he was going to sell his car.
他对我说他打算把车卖了。
in a newspaper 强调报纸里面的内容
on the newspaper 与报纸内容无关
a number of…＝lots of… 许多……（后跟可数名词的复数，谓语用复数）
the number of… …的数量/总数（后跟可数名词的复数，谓语用单数）
increase vt./vi.(在规模、数量和程度上)增加，增长
grow vi.(动植物)成长，生长，在表示数量上增加时，可以代替increase.
eg. The number of visitors has now increased. 游客的数量增加了。
= The number of visitors has now grown.
3、The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.
it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who … (强调句式)
eg. It is yesterday that I saw you. 我是昨天看到你的。
It is in a small city that I spent my childhood.
我在一个小城市里度过童年。
gain 获得，得到（不能用于钱）
= get = obtain
eg. gain time 获得时间
gain knowledge 获得知识
earn
(用劳动)争取（钱）,谋生
eg. bread earner 养家糊口的人
earn a living 维持生活
博得，赢得（一个好名声，尊敬，赞扬）与win相似，常带双宾
4、It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die.
It is said that… 据说…
eg. It is reported that… 据报道…
It is believed that… 据相信…
It is estimated that… 据估计…
It is found that… 据发现…
It is well-known that… 众所周知…
pick v.采摘
eg. She has picked a lot of flowers. 她采了很多花。
cut v.砍，切，割
eg. She cut the apple into two. 她把苹果切成了两半。
die v. 死
eg. die for 为…战死
die for one’s country 殉国
die at one’s post 殉职
die of = die from = die by 因…而死
He died of car accident. 他死于车祸。
She died of old age. 她因年老而去世。
die from over work 因过度工作而死亡
die from wound 因受伤而死亡
die by one’s own hand 自杀
dead
adj. 死的，无生命的
eg. dead leaves 枯叶
the dead 死人（指一类人）
adj. 完全的，绝对的
eg. a dead silence 一片死寂
come to a dead stop 完全停业
n. 最黑暗的，寒冷的时候
eg. in the dead of night 在深夜
in the dead of winter 在隆冬
death n. 死
eg. put someone to death 处死，杀死
starved to death 饿死
deadly adj.致命的，不共戴天的
eg. a deadly wound 致命的伤口
a deadly weapon 凶器
deathly adj. 死一般的
= deathlike
5、Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims.
a number of victims 许多牺牲者
= many victims
6、The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.
have sth. done (have + 宾语 + 宾语初足语)
（表示动作不是have的主语完成的，而是别人执行的。）
eg. You’d better have the dangerous building pulled down.
你最好让人把危楼推倒。
I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。
I’d like to have the package weighed. 我想把包裹称一下。
I had my bike repaired. 我找人把车修一下。
make sth. done 让某事被做
eg. Could you make yourself known 你能让别人知道你吗 (你的自我介绍)
= Could you introduce yourdself 你能自我介绍一下吗
Could you make youself heard 你能让别人听到你吗 (你能大声点吗 )
make的用法：make +宾语+宾补；
make +sb.+do 让某人做某事；make +sth.+done 让别人做某事
so far 迄今为止（常与现在完成时连用）
eg. He has written three books so far. 他迄今为止已经写了3本书了。
I can only help him so far. 我能帮他的仅止于此。
go far
成功
eg. He is hardworking and will go far. 他的勤奋将获得成功。
(钱、衣物等)经用，有价值（否定句）
eg. A dollar doesn’t go far these days. 最近1美元不管用了。
7、He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it.
point v. 指
eg. It’s rude to point. 指手划脚是不礼貌的。
point out = explain 指出，解释
point sth. out 使注意某事物
point the finger (at sb.) 公开指责某人
tourist n. 游客
-ist 后缀
dramatist 剧作家，戏曲家
publicist 国际法学家，评论家
socialist 社会主义者
capitalist 资本主义才
atheist 无神论者
physicist 物理学家
motorist 开汽车的人
violinist 小提琴家
have been coming 一直…（现在完成进行时）
8、In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.
in spite of 尽管，虽然；不顾，不管
= despite (prep.) = in spite of what
（in spite of 介词后面不能接从句, 只能加what引导的从句）
that has been said 定语从句，修饰all
have been picking, have been cutting 现在完成进行时
9、So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!
not one of ＝ none of 一个人没有…
(单数≠no one of（no one不能加of）)
strike down 将…击倒
strike – struck - struck
eg. on strike 罢工
The clock struck eight. 钟敲8点了。
A good idea struck me. 我突然想到一个好主意。
They are striking for better working conditions.
他们为更好的工作条件而罢工。
strike off 删除（常用被动态）
【Key Structures】
被动语态：
有些动词置于被动语态后，可采用两种形式：
to- 不定式即：be done to…
that从句即：it is said that…
这两种形式通常没有意义上的差别，但由于不定式结构更为简单，所以经常用不定式。
eg. People say that he is a genius. 人们说他是个天才。
= He is said to be a genius.
= It is said that he is a genius.
当一个动词带有双宾语时，两个宾语中的任何一个都可做被动语态的主语，但间接宾语做主语较为常见。
eg. The manager offered the vacant post to him. 经理把空缺职位给了他。
= He was offered the vacant post.
= The vacant post was offered to him.
【Special difficulties】
Increase and Grow
increase vt. &vi. 增加，增大，增长，增强
The firm has increased his salary.
His salary has increased.
grow vi. 增长，长，成长，生长
The number of vistors to Frinley has now grown/increased.
The students in this university has grown in number.
How tall you’ve become! How you’ve grown!
She has grown so much she is nearly as tall as I am.
grow＝increase(表示数量增长)
The number is increasing/growing.
Gain and Earn
gain vt. 获得，得到（＝get sth.）；受益，获益（earn无此含义）
Jane has gained much from her year in Australia.
earn vt. (通过努力)获得，得到；赚钱（gain无此含义）
earn money 挣钱
earn one's living 谋生
Try to save as you earn. 挣了钱时要设法存起来。
She earns $500 a month.
It has gained/earned an evil reputation.
Pick and Cut
pick vt. 采摘，采集
They picked a lot of flowers yesterday.
cut vt. 切，割，剪
She cut an apple in two.
Can you cut your own hair