新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道

Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道
【New words and expressions】（13）
tunnel n. 隧道
port n. 港口
ventilate v. 通风
chimney n. 烟囱
sea level 海平面
double adj. 双的
ventilation n. 通风
fear v. 害怕
invasion n. 入侵，侵略
officially adv. 正式地
connect v. 连接
European adj. 欧洲的
continent n. 大陆
★tunnel n. 隧道
（1）n. 地下通道，隧道，地道
channel n. 海峡 （The Channel 英吉利海峡）
the Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道
light at the end of the tunnel 苦尽甘来
（2）v. 开隧道，掘地道
★port n. 港口，港，港口城市
eg. enter a port 入港
= make a port
反义词：leave a port 出港
= clear a port
★ventilate v. 通风，使空气进入，使空气流通
eg. well–ventilated 通风良好
poorly – ventilated 通风糟糕的
Our classroom is well-ventilated/poorly-ventilated.
我们教室很通风/很闷热。
ventilation n.[u] 空气流通；畅谈
eg. put a problem to ventilation 提出问题以供公开讨论
Forced Ventilation 强制排风系统
（forced adj. 被迫的，强迫的，动用武力的）
ventilator n. 通风设备，通风口（机械设备的）
airing n. [c] 通风，晾干
★chimney n. 烟囱
eg. sweep a chimney 清扫烟囱
= clean a chimney
chimney-sweep n. 清扫烟囱
The smoke poured out of the chimney. 烟从烟囱中冒出来。
a blocked chimney 堵塞的烟囱
factory chimneys 工厂烟囱
It is said that Santa Claus/Father Christmas comes down chimneys at Christmas to bring presents.
★sea level 海平面
level
（1）n. 水平，水面
eg. 1000 metres above sea-level 海拔1000米
（2）n. 高，高度 = altitude
eg. at the level of one’s eyes 在眼睛的高度
the level of the water 水位
（3）n. (文化，学问等)水准，程度，标准
eg. high-level 高级的
low-level 低级的
（4）adj. (土地的)平的，水平的
eg. a level surface 平坦的表面
The road was level. 路是平坦的。
（5）adj. 相同高度的，相同程度的
eg. a level race 势均力敌的竞赛
in level tones 以平板的音调
（6）adj. (心情等)稳定的，平静的，有判断力的
eg. in a level voice 用平稳的声音
do one’s level best 尽最大努力
★double adj. 双的
（1）adj. 双的，两倍的（通常作定语）
eg. a double room 双人房间
a double bed 双人床
double chin 双下巴
double negative 双重否定
double Dutch 莫名其妙的话，晦涩的文字
double standard 双重标准
（2）adv. 两倍地，加倍地
eg. pay double 加倍付钱
（3）adv. 双人地，双双地
eg. see double 把一事物看成两事物
（4）n. 两倍之物
eg. daily double (赛马中的)二重彩
（5）v. 使…增加一倍，使增倍
eg. He doubled his income in five years. 5年之内他使工资增加了一倍。
double one’s salary 薪水加倍
字母W 的读音就是“double u”，意为两个u 构成 w .
couple，pair 两个
a couple of weeks
a pair of shoes/socks/glasses 一副眼镜
★fear v. 害怕
（1）n.[u] 恐惧，惧怕
eg. The soldier didn’t show his fear. 这个士兵没有显出害怕。
The child had no fear of water. 这孩子不怕水。
（2）n.[c] 畏惧，不安
eg. a fear of heights 恐高症
She has a great fear of fire. 她极度的怕火。
（3）n.对神的敬畏
eg. the fear of god 虔敬的心，对上帝的敬畏
（4）v. 恐惧，害怕 = be afraid of
eg. fear death 害怕死亡
fear illness 害怕疾病
Never fear! = Don’t worry. 别害怕！
fear doing sth. 害怕做某事
eg. The little boy feared staying alone in the dark.
这个小男孩害怕一个人呆在黑暗里。
fear to do sth.
eg. She feared to speak in his presence. 有他在场，她不敢讲话。
fearless adj. 不怕的，无畏的
★invasion n. 入侵, 侵略
invade v. 侵犯，侵略
eg. invade a small country 侵略一个小国家
invade sb’s rights 侵犯…的权力
tourists invade a city 游客涌入一个城市
invader n. 入侵者
invasion n. 侵略
eg. an invasion of privacy 对隐私权的侵犯
★officially adv. 正式地，公务或公职上
eg. I’ve been officially invited to the wedding.
我被正式邀请去参加婚礼。
announce officially 正式宣布
office n. 办公室，办公楼
officer n. 军官，(政府的)官员
official
adj. 官方的，正式的，公务的，职权的
eg. an official decision 官方决定
an official announcement 官方公告
（2）n. 官员
eg. government officials 政府官员
official adj. （官方的）正式
formally adv. （一般的）正式
★connect v. 连接
（1）v. 连接，结合
eg. connect A with B = connect A to B 把A和B连在一起
A highway connects the two cities.
有一条公路连接这两座城市。
（2）（将电话）接通（给某人）
eg. Please connect me with New York. 请把电话接到纽约。
connection n.连接，联结，联系
eg. connection between A and B
Lung cancer is in connection with smoking. 肺癌和吸烟有关系。
★European adj. 欧洲的
★continent n. 洲，大陆
the Continent 指欧洲大陆
Asia 亚洲
Africa 非洲
North America 北美洲
South America 南美洲
Europe 欧洲
Oceania 大洋洲
Antarctica 南极洲
the New Continent 新大陆（指南北美洲大陆）
European Continent 欧洲大陆（不包括欧洲岛国）
【Text】
In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
参考译文
1858年, 一位名叫埃梅·托梅·德·干蒙的法国工程师带着建造一条长21英里、穿越英吉利海峡的隧道计划到了英国. 他说, 可以在隧道中央建造一座平台, 这座平台将用作码头和火车站. 如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟囱状通风管, 隧道就具备了良好的通风条件. 1860年, 一位名叫威廉·洛的英国人提出了一项更好的计划. 他提议建一条双轨隧道, 这样就解决了通风问题. 因为如果有一列火车开进隧道, 它就把新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道. 42年以后, 隧道实际已经开始建了. 如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵, 隧道早已建成了. 世界不得不再等将近100年才看到海峡隧道竣工. 它于1994年3月7日正式开通, 将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起.
【课文讲解】
1、In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel.
a French engineer是主语，
Aime Thome de Gamond是同位语
with a plan for… (with引导的介词短语作伴随状语，修饰谓语动词arrived)
for a twenty-one-mile…(for引导的介词短语作定语，修饰plan)
a plan for +名词/动名词 ……的计划
eg. Do you have any plans for this evening 你今天有什么安排吗？
twenty-one-mile （复合形容词，以单数形式出现，只能作前置定语）
2、He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel.
it is possible to do sth.
（it作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.）
platform
n. 台，讲台
eg. stand on the platform. 站在讲台上
（2）n. 月台
eg. an arrival platform 到站月台
a departure platform 出站月台
platform No.2 第2站台
3、This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.
serve as… =serve for… 起……作用，用作……，充当……
eg. When you sleep in the open, old newspapers can serve as a blanket.
当你在露天睡觉的时候，这旧报纸可以充当毯子。
serve sb. with 拿出…款待（某人）
eg. The waiter served us with wine. 侍者拿出葡萄酒来款待我们。
4、The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
if条件句，主句是would be ,从句是were built
5、In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.
put forward = put up 提出（计划、建议等）
put forward 提出某事供讨论，将某事物提前
eg. We’ve put forward the date of our wedding by one week.
我们把婚礼提前了一星期。
forward v. 转递（信件等）
eg. Please forward this letter to the following address.
请将此信转到以下地址。
forward 向前
backward 向后
eg. Forward! 向前走，前进。
Backward and forward. 前后地，来回地
go forward = move forward 向前走
from this time forward 从此以后
6、He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.
（1）vt. 暗示，用法与其他的词相同
（2）vt. 建议，用虚拟语气，后接动词是要用-ing形式，后接that从句采用一种固定的用法“should+动词原形”（should 可省略）
I suggested (that) he (should) go home. (that, should 都可省略)
He suggested that I should go with him. 他建议我一定要跟他去.
insist作“坚持”讲时用法同suggest
He insisted that I should stay to lunch. 他坚持要我留下来吃晚饭.
7、This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
draw in 抽进，吸进；(指白天的时间)渐短。
eg. The days are drawing in. 白天越来越短。
The days are drawing out. 白天越来越长。
draw back 退回
draw up 车辆停下来；签署，草拟
draw off 离开，走了
8、Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.
If 引导的条件句，主句would have been completed(将来完成时态),从句had not feared(过去完成时态)
虚拟语气(非真实条件句)中，与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，此时主句格式为would have done，would/could/should 都可以，情态动词加have done 表示对过去的推测，如must have done，can't have done等
the British 英国人
9、The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel.
wait for sb.
wait (for) some times
10、It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
connecting Britain to the European continent整个现在分词短语作伴随状语
【Key structures】　
第3类条件句
真实条件句：对将来可能发生的事情的假设，主句用将来时，从句用现在时
eg. If he is out, I’ll call tomorrow.
You’ll miss the train if you don’t hurry.
非真实条件句：
对现在事实假设或不可能事情假设
主句：would do
从句：一般过去时（were）
（2）对过去事实做相反假设
主句：would have done
从句：had done
eg. If you went to the exhibition, you would enjoy it.
If I were in your position, I would act differently.
You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.
If you had gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it.
If I had been in your position, I would have acted differently.
If you could have made him change his mind, you would have saved him a lot of trouble.
【Special difficulties】
动词draw的一些短语
draw vt. 拉，拖
draw in 使……进入；吸入
The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in. 花的香味使我们走进了这家商店。
draw back 后退，后缩；收回，撤回
You must finish the work by yourselves now. They have drawn back their people.
你们得靠自己完成这项工作。他们已把他们的人员撤走了。
draw up 停住，使……停住；起草，制订，拟订
I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me.
Have any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries
draw off 撤走，离开
The villagers had to draw off because of the flood.
When the others were talking loudly, he quickly drew off.