新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson 82 Monster or fish？ 是妖还是鱼？

Lesson 82 Monster or fish 是妖还是鱼？
【New words and expressions】（7）
monster n. 怪物
sailor n. 海员
sight v. 见到
creature n. 动物，生物
peculiar adj. 奇怪的，不寻常的
shining adj. 闪闪发光的
oarfish n. 桨鱼
★monster n. 怪物
n. 怪物，妖怪
eg. a one-eyed monster 独眼怪兽
A dragon is a fabulous monster. 龙是传说中的怪物。
adj. 巨大的
eg. The spaceship was a real monster. 宇宙飞船非常巨大。
a monster pumpkin 巨大的南瓜
monsterous adj. 如怪兽般的，巨大的
eg. a monsterous iceberg 巨大的冰山
monsterously adv. 巨大地
★sailor n. 海员
海员，水手
eg. His father is a sailor. 他父亲是个水手。
乘船的人（与adj.连用）
eg. a good sailor 不晕船的人
a bad sailor 会晕船的人
sail （同音词:sale)
n. 帆
eg. put up a sail 扬帆
n. 航行，航程
eg. go for a sail 乘帆船去航行
It’s a forty-minute sail from Dove to Calais.
从多福到加来只有40分钟的航程。
in full sail 以全速
set sail 启航
v. 扬帆，航行，（使）行驶
eg. The yacht sailed around the cape. 那艘游艇绕岬航行。
He sailed his boat into the harbor. 他载着船驶进了港口。
Can you sail a yacht 你会驾驶游艇吗？
sail close to the wind 逆风行驶，做近乎犯法的事
sailing n. 航海，航行
sailing boat (英)帆船 （美：sail boat)
★sight v. 见到
v. 看到，看见
eg. They sighted land at last. 他们终于看到了大陆。
n. 视力，视觉
eg. near sighted = short sighted 近视
far sighted = long sighted 远视
lose one’s sight 失明
n. 视野
eg. go out of sight 从视线中消失
come in sight 映入眼帘
in sight 可看见之处，可望
I caught sight of his tall figure in the crowd.
我在人群中看到他高大的身影。
n. 名胜
eg. the sight of Shanghai 上海的名胜
do the sight of Paris 在巴黎观光
= see the sight of Paris
★creature n. 动物，生物
n. (包含人类的）生物，动物
eg. dumb creatures 畜生（不说话的动物）
a human creature 人类
n. 人，家伙（与表爱情、轻蔑等形容词连用；尤多用于女性）
eg. a lovely creature 一个可爱的家伙
n. 工具，奴隶
eg. Man is a creature of circumstances. 人是环境的奴隶。
creature comforts 物质享受，衣食住行
★peculiar adj. 奇怪的，不寻常的
adj. 奇异的，与众不同的，异常的
eg. a peculiar behaviour 奇异的行为
a peculiar taste 怪味道
adj. 独特的，固有的
eg. This custom is peculiar in Scotland. 这是苏格兰特有的风俗。
a theme peculiar to the writer 那位作家独特的主题
peculiarity n. 独特性，特质
eg. the peculiarities of the region 这个地区独特的性质
★shining adj. 闪闪发光的
eg. shining stars 闪闪发光的星星
近义词: blazing
shine
v. 照耀，发光（亮） （shone, shone)
eg. Her face was shining with joy. 她的脸上焕发着喜悦的光芒。
The sun shone brightly. 阳光明媚。
n. 光（辉），光泽
eg. the shine of gold 黄金的光泽
The floor had a good sine. 地板很亮，很有光泽。
n. 磨光，擦亮
eg. Give your shoes a shine. 把鞋擦亮。
短语：
eg. rain or shine 无论晴雨，不管怎样
take a shine 喜爱，爱上（某人）
shiny adj. 晴天的
eg. a shiny morning 一个晴朗的上午
shine 发光
glare 发眩光
flash 闪光
sparkle 发微光
twinkl 闪闪发光
shimmer 闪烁的，微微发光
★oarfish n. 桨鱼
oar 浆
eg. pull a good oar 船划得很好
He is a good oar. 他是个很好的划手。
put one’s oar in 多管闲事
= shove one’s oar in
= stick one’s oar in
【Text】
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail. The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.
参考译文
渔夫和水手们有时声称自己看到过海里的妖怪。虽然人们常常对水手们讲的故事付诸一笑，但现在看来，人们有时看到的这些“妖怪”很多不过是些奇怪的鱼。一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来，但它们在海上却极少能被捕到。然而不久前，在马达加斯加附近的海里却捕到了一条奇怪的鱼。一条小渔船被一条咬住钩的强壮的大鱼拖到了几英里以外的海面上。那位渔民意识到这根本不是一条普通的鱼，于是千方百计不让它受到丝毫伤害。当终于把它弄上岸后，人们发现它身长超过了13英尺。它长着一个像马一样的头，有着大的蓝眼睛和闪闪发光的银色皮肤，还有一条鲜红色的尾巴。此鱼叫桨鱼，被送进了博物馆，现正接受一位科学家的检查。人们很少能看到活着的这类动物，因为它们生活在600英尺深的水下。
【课文讲解】
1、Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea.
claim
v. 要求（获得权利）， 要求报酬（奖赏），索取赔款
eg. They claimed the reward. 他们要求报酬。
Can I claim payment for him for the damage 我能为他索要损害赔偿吗？
v. 声称，断言
eg. The lawyers claimed that the defendant was not guilty.
律师们声称被告是无罪的。
He claimed to have seen her. 他声称见过他。
to have seen是不定式的完成式结构。不定式的完成式用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况。不定式的完成式常用于believe，declare，find，say，see，know，think，understand等动词之后（这些动词常用被动语态）：
eg. I’m sorry to have taken up so much of your time.
He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash.
I meant/intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so.
我本想/本打算邀请他的，可是我忘记了。
I hope/plan to have finished by 12.
我希望/计划到12点钟以前就已完成。（相当于将来完成时）
2、Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish.
told by seamen 是过去分词短语作定语修饰stories
which have at times been sighted中which引导定语从句修饰monsters
laugh v. 大笑，笑出声
laugh at 嘲笑；因…而发笑
laugh away 付之一笑
laugh to oneself 独自发笑
laugh a…laugh 发出…方式的笑
laugh a hearty laugh 衷心地大笑
laugh a bitter laugh 苦笑
laughter n. 笑声
burst into laughter 爆发出大笑声
= break into laughter
it is known that 众所周知
（it是个形式主语）
eg. it is said that 据说
it is reported that 据报道
it is announced that 据宣布，据声称
it is arranged that 据安排
it is decided that 据决定
it is expected that 据预期
at times 有时，偶尔
= sometimes
at a time 一次，同时，连续地
eg. sleep for hours at a time 连续睡了几个小时
3、Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea.
be washed to the shore 被冲到岸上来
wash one’s hands 洗手
wash up = wash the dishes 洗碗
be caught out 被捕到
out at sea 在远海，在外海
Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar.
was caught 被捕到（一般过去时的被动语态)
be carried miles out to sea 被拖到几英里以外的海面
A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line.
carry out
搬出
eg. Would you please carry the chair out into the garden
你把椅子搬到花园好吗？
实施（计划），履行（义务等），进行（实验）
eg. carry out one’s duty 履行某人的义务
The plan should be carried out immediately.
这个计划必须立刻被实施。
pull on the line 咬住钩
pull on 用拉的方式穿上（衣服，袜子等）
（反义词：pull off)
line
绳，线
eg. a fishing line 钓鱼线
a telephone line 电话线
行，排
eg. a line of trees 一排树
短函
eg. drop sb. a line 写封简短的信给某人
职业
eg. What’s your line 你做什么职业的？
短语：
eg. read between the lines 领会言外之意
take one’s own line 干自己的本行，走自己的路
have a line on sth. 得到有关某事的情报
6、Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way.
Realizing 现在分词短语作状语
no ordinary fish 不是普通的鱼
= not an ordinary fish
（no的否定意味比not (a/an)要重，用于名词或形容词之前、系动词be之后）
make every effort to do 尽一切努力
make an effort 作努力
make no effort 根本不努力
When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long.
was brought to shore 和 was found to be over thirteen feet long都是被动语态。
It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail. The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish.
which has since been sent to a museum 中which引导定语从句修饰fish
where it is being examined by a scientist 中where引导定语从句修饰museum
(定语从句中套定语从句）
eg. This was the first time that I had serious trouble with my boss who got
into a temper. 这是第一次我和发脾气的老板产生了严重的摩擦。
call sb. 认为，看作，叫作
eg. I call him a fool. 我认为他是傻瓜。
Do you call that a hat 你把那叫作帽子吗？
9、Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.
creature指包含人在内的“生物，动物”。指人时它可以表示怜爱等感情，多用于指女性： The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time.
as引导原因状语从句
rarely adv. 很少（seldom)
eg. I rarely meet him now. 我很少碰到他。
放在句首用倒装：
eg. Rarely do I dream these days. 这段日子我很少做梦。
at a depth of …的深度
【Key Structures】
一般现在时
eg. You are wanted on the phone.
一般过去时
eg. The conference was held in August.
一般将来时
eg. You will not be allowed to take so much luggage with you.
现在进行时
eg. A new railway is being built.
The roads were being widened.
(5) 现在完成时或过去完成时
eg. The book has been translated into many languages.
Production costs had been greatly reduced.
被动语态：be + v.-ed 时态通过be表现出来。
一般时态
现在 am/is/are + v.-ed
过去 was/were + v.-ed
将来 shall/will + be + v.-ed
过去将来 should(would) + be + v.-ed
进行时态
现在 am/is/are + being + v.-ed
过去 was/were + being + v.-ed
将来 will/shall be being + v.-ed
完成时态
现在 have(has) been + v.-ed
过去 had been + v.-ed
将来 shall/will have been + v.-ed
过去将来 should/would have been + v.-ed
【Letter Writing】
结束语：
I shall be looking forward to hearing from/seeing you soon.
I hope you will soon settle down in your (new job, school, etc.).
【Special Difficulties】
Laugh and Laugh at
laugh v. 笑
Everybody laughed when the circus clown made his appearance.
laugh at 嘲笑……
Don’t laugh at me.
Wash and Wash up
wash
① v. 洗，洗涤
I must get up and wash.
wash oneself 洗澡
Sally can almost wash herself now.
② v. 冲走，卷走
Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore.
The little wooden house was washed away by the floods.
wash up
① v. 洗餐具
When you phoned, she was busy washing up (the dishes).
② v. 把……冲上岸
The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore.
【Summary Writing】
A strange fish was caught near Madagascar after having pulled a small fishing boat miles out to sea. Making every effort not to damage the fish, the fisherman brought it to shore. The fish, which was over thirteen feet long, with a head like a horse, was sent to a museum. It is being examined by a scientist, who said that it was an oarfish and that such creatures live at a depth of six hundred feet.
A strange fish was caught near Madagascar. Though it pulled a small fishing boat miles out to sea, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it. On being brought to shore, the fish was found to be over thirteen feet long and to have a head like a horse. Now that it has been sent to a museum, it is being examined by a scientist. It is called an oarfish and lives at a depth of six hundred feet.