新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson 90 What's for supper 晚餐吃什么

Lesson 90 What's for supper 晚餐吃什么？
【New words and expressions】（15）
chip n. 油煎土豆片
overfish v. 过度捕捞
giant adj. 巨大的
terrify v. 吓，使恐怖
diver n. 潜水员
oil rig 石油钻塔
wit n. （复数）理智，头脑
cage n. 笼
shark n. 鲨鱼
whale n. 鲸
variety n. 品种
cod n. 鳕
skate n. 鳐
factor n. 因素
crew n. 全体工作人员
★chip n. 油煎土豆片
油煎土豆片（英：potato chip/crisp）（细长的）油炸马铃薯条（美：French fry）
碎片，木屑片
eg. have a chip on one’s shoulder （口）心情不好，性好争吵
a chip off the old block （口）酷似父亲的儿子
★overfish v. 过度捕捞
over 做前缀，表示“过度的”
eg. overcrop v. 因过度的耕种而使土地贫瘠
overdo v. 做的过分，过度
overdraw v. 透支
overdress v. 衣饰过度，穿的过度讲究
overeat v. 吃的过多
I overcook the rice. 我把饭做糊了。
You overdid it. 你过分了。
★giant adj. 巨大的
adj. 巨大的 = huge quantity
= big/large/great/huge/immense/fantastic
eg. a giant corporation 大公司
giant panda 大熊猫
n. （故事或传说等的）巨人，大汉
（相反：dwarf 矮子）
eg. Jack saw the giant climbing down the beanstalk.
杰克看见巨人顺着豆茎爬了下来。
n. 伟人，大人物
eg. giants in the field of electronics 电子学领域的大人物
★terrify v. 吓，使恐怖
be terrified of 惊吓，惊恐
eg. The children were terrified of being scolded.
孩子们害怕受到责备。
terrify sb. 使惊恐，使受到惊吓
eg. His sudden appearance terrified them. 他突然出现吓到了他们。
be terrified by 对某事感到惊恐
= be terrified at
eg. They were terrified by his sudden appearance.
= They were terrified at his sudden appearance.
他们被他的突然出现吓了一跳。
terrifying adj. 令人恐惧的
terrified adj. 受惊吓的
★diver n. 潜水员，跳水选手
dive v. 跳水
eg. dive from the bridge into the river 从桥上跳进水里
dive for （为寻找或取某物）潜水
eg. They dived down for oysters. 他们潜水去寻找牡蛎。
dive into 潜心研究，全力投入
eg. He dived into the history of China. 他潜心研究中国历史。
★oil rig 石油钻塔
oil
n. 油
eg. cooking oil 食用油
hair oil 发油
heavy oil 重油
light oil 轻油
(2) n. 油画颜料
eg. paint in oils 画油画
burn the midnight oil 开夜车
pour oil on the flame 火上加油
v. 在…注（涂）油
eg. oil a clock 给钟表上油
oil one’s hand/oil one’s palm 行贿
oil the wheels
给轮子上油（用贿赂手段等）使事情进展顺利
rig
n. （船）配备，设备
v. 给（船）上配备，打扮，装束
★wit n.（复数）理智，头脑
n. 理智，头脑(通常以复数形式出现：wits)
eg. He has quick wits. 他才知敏锐。
He lacked the wits to see what to do in the emergency.
他当时缺少临机应变的能力。
n. 机智，聪明 [u]
eg. His essays sparkled with wit. 他的散文才气洋溢。
His speech was full of wit and humor. 他的演讲充满机智和幽默。
at one’s wits’end 穷于应付，不知所措
have one’s wits about 保持冷静
= keep one’s wits about
live by one’s wits 靠着小聪明过日子
out of one's wits 失去理智
★cage n. 笼
★shark n. 鲨鱼
n. 鲨鱼
n. (口语）骗子，贪得无厌的人，放高利贷者（loan shark）
★whale n. 鲸
eg. The whale is the largest of all animals. 鲸鱼是最大的动物。
a whale of （口）极好的，巨大的
have a whale of a time 度过美好的时光
★variety n. 品种（品种的多样性），多样性
反义词：monotony n. 单调，枯燥
eg. a life full of variety 丰富多彩的生活
for variety’s sake 为耳目一新
a variety of 种种的，形形色色的
There are a wide variety of people on the earth.
世界上有形形色色的人。
variety show 综艺节目（英）
variety store 杂货店（美）
various adj.= all kinds of 各种各样的
形形色色的，种种的
eg. representatives from various countries 从各国来的代表们
various experiences 各种各样的经历
许多的，好几个的（无比较级的变化）
eg. for various reasons 因种种理由
variation n. 变化，变动
eg. variations of temperature 温度的变化
★cod n. 鳕
C.O.D = cash on delivery 货到付款
★skate n. 鳐
n. 鳐鱼
v. 溜冰，滑冰
eg. I want to go skating tomorrow. 我明天想去滑冰。
n. 溜冰鞋
eg. ice skate 溜冰鞋
roller skate 旱冰鞋
★factor n. 因素
n. （造成某结果的）因素，要素
eg. the main factor that caused the dispute 引起争吵的主要因素
Honesty is one factor for his success. 诚实是他成功的要素之一。
(2) n. 因数，因子
★crew n. 全体工作人员（指在飞机上或船上的工作人员）（集体名词）
eg. The crew is large. 工作人员很多。
The crew of the jet are 30 in all. 全体机组人员总共30人。
The plane had seventy passengers and a crew of ten.
飞机上有70名乘客和10名机组人员。
crew cut 小平头
crew neck 圆领毛衣
staff n. 办公室的全体工作人员
（crew 和staff 属于集合名词，可能会做单数，可能会做复数。）
【Text】
Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who
参考译文
油煎鱼加炸土豆片一直是英国人喜爱的一道菜，但是随着海洋里的滥捕滥捞，鱼已经变得越来越昂贵。因此，听说北海石油钻井平台上的潜水员受到巨型鱼类的恐吓，确实很让人吃惊。钻井平台需要经常修理，潜水员常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他们曾在工作时被撞到他们身上的大鱼吓得惊惶失措。现在他们有了特制的笼子，用来保护他们免受大鱼的侵袭。这些鱼并不是鲨鱼或逆戟鲸，而是深受人们喜爱的食用鱼品种，如鳕鱼和鳐鱼，只不过它们长得出奇地大，有时长达12英尺。这些鱼能长得这么大是由3个因素造成的：海底热的输油管道附近的温暖的海水；钻井平台工作人员抛到海里充足的食物；钻井平台周围根本没有捕鱼船只。结果是，这些鱼就在可爱的温暖的水流中吃呀吃，长呀长。究竟谁吃谁呢？
【课文讲解】
1、What's for supper
What's for breakfast 早饭吃什么？
2、Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive.
fish and chips（油煎鱼和炸土豆片，传统英国食物，是一道家常菜，被看作是一盘菜）因此被看作是一个整体，因此，虽然 chips 是复数形式，它后面却要跟动词的单数形式。
eg. Jane and Tom have always been good friends of ours.
简和汤姆一直是我们的好朋友。
（用and相连的名词看成一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果把它们看成分开的部分，动词就用复数形式；如上句。）
dish 在这里指“一盘菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”
eg. I like French dishes. 我喜欢（吃）法国菜。
Would you like a sweet dish 您要一盘甜食吗？
more and more 越来越…（多音节用more and more 加原级）
eg. The spectators got more and more excited. 观众们越来越兴奋。
More and more doctors have begun to use the new medicine.
越来越多的医生开始使用这种新药。
fatter and fatter 越来越胖（单音节直接加er,然后用and 连接）
3、So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs.
it comes to learn that 听说
North sea 北海
it comes as a surprise + to do sth. /that 某事令人惊讶
eg. It comes as a surprise to have four lessons in three hours.
It comes as a surprise that it rains/snows.
令人吃惊的表达：
① to one’s surprise
② The most surprising thing about it is that
③ get a surprise
④ What a surprise it is
⑤ It comes as a surprise + to do sth. /that
4、Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fight bumping into them as they work.
divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water中who引导非限定性定语从句，修饰divers
需要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作的潜水员们
be frightened out of their wits
被吓晕了，被吓得惊慌失措
bumping into them 是个现在分词短语修饰fish
一些撞到身上的大鱼
bump into
(1) 碰上，撞上
eg. Wandering in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policeman.
那醉汉在黑夜中闲荡时撞到了一个警察的身上。
I saw the taxi bump into a parked car.
我看到出租车撞上一辆停着的车。
(2) 偶然遇见，碰见（多用于口语）
eg. I bumped into Jane at the conference. 我开会时碰见了简。
5、Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters.
these monsters 这些怪物（本文指大鱼）
have sth. done / get sth. done 事情被做，请人/叫人做某事
protect sb. from + n. / protect sb. against + n.
保护…使之不受侵害（protect常与from或against连用）
eg. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳镜保护眼睛不受强烈阳光的伤害。
6、The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length.
shark 鲨鱼
killer whales 逆戟鲸，虎鲸
favourite eating varieties 非常喜爱的食用鱼品种
The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate
(not … but … 不是…而是…)
eating adj. 供食用的；宜生食的
eg. favourite eating variety 深受人们喜爱的食用的品种
Eating corn is quite sweet. 食用玉米很香甜。
These are eating apples, and those are cooking apples/ones.
这些是生吃的苹果，那些是烹饪用的苹果。
unnatural sizes 出奇的大
grow to 长到
as much as 像…一样（最大限度）+ 数字
eg. as much as five meters tall
as far as + 从句
eg. as far as I could get
长宽高深的表达方式
① 数词 + 量词 + adj.
eg. two feet deep
② 数词 + 量词 + in + 名词
long - length ；high - height ；wide – width ；deep - depth
eg. two feet in depth
7、Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs.
cause + n. + to do sth. 成为…原因
eg. The drought caused the plants to die. 久旱造成植物枯萎。
cause + n. 导致
eg. What caused his sickness 是什么导致他生病的？
an accident caused by carelessness 由粗心导致的事故
cause sb. sth. / cause sth. to sb. （双宾语）
eg. He caused his parents a lot of trouble. 他对父母亲造成很多麻烦。
= He caused a lot of trouble to his parents.
grow + adj. 变得……
plentiful adj. 丰富的，很多的（反义词：scarce）
plentiful supply of… …的充足供应
eg. a plentiful supply of water 水供应充足
a plentiful supply of food 食品供应充足
plenty n. 大量的（既可以修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词）
eg. plenty of books 大量的书
plenty of money 大量的钱
plenty of time 大量的时间
(plenty of 通常用于肯定句；否定句、疑问句则用enough,much,many)
throw sth. overboard = throw away 扔掉
thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs中thrown过去分词短语作定语修饰food
overboard adv. （自船上）到水中
eg. fall overboard 从船上掉落水中
the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs
钻井平台周围根本没有捕鱼船只
total absence 根本没有
total在这里表示“完全的，彻底的”（相当于complete）
eg. His letter is a total surprise to her.
That girl is a total stranger to me.
absence of 缺少，不存在
absence
n. 缺乏，缺少
eg. Absence of rain caused the plants to die. 少雨造成植物枯萎。
n. 不在，外出，缺席
eg. Behave yourself during my absence. 我不在时你要好好表现。
after an absence of seven from school 缺课7天之后
total absence of… 完全没有…
eg. total absence of mind 心不在焉
the total absence of order… 没有秩序
8、As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who
as a result of = so 结果是，因此
= It turns out to be
eg. He was late as a result of the traffic jam.
交通拥堵的结果是他迟到了。
eat and eat and grow and grow 吃啊吃，长啊长
eg. We waited and waited. 我们等啊等。
【Key Structures】
have的用法
【Special Difficulties】
被看作整体的、用and连接的两个名词
当主语是and连接的两个名词时，谓语通常用复数形式：
An umbrella and a suitcase are still needed.
有些名词由于经常在一起连用，就把它们看成一个整体（或一个单位），因而成了一种复合名词。它们不仅有固定的词序，且后面的谓语动词通常要用单数形式。这类复合名词有：bacon and eggs（咸肉和鸡蛋），bread and butter（面包和黄油），cheese and wine（奶酷和葡萄酒），fish and chips（鱼和油炸土豆片），a knife and fork（一副刀叉），sausage(s) and mash（香肠和土豆泥）。通常被作为单数看待的有一道菜和一套东西。
Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.
如果把两个名词看成是分开的东西，动词就要用复数：
Fish and chips make a good meal.
【Summary Writing】
Divers working on North Sea oil rigs are often terrified by giant fish that bump into them when they are working in deep water. These fish are not sharks or whales. On the contrary, they are favourite eating varieties that grow to unnatural sizes. Three factors have caused this to happen: the first is the warmth from oil-pipes; the second is the supply of plentiful food; the third is the absence of fishing round the rigs. (76 words)
（2）Divers who work on the North Sea oil rigs have been terrified out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them while they work in deep water. The fish are not sharks or whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which have grown to unnatural sizes. Three factors have caused this to happen: the warmth from the hot oil-pipes, the plentiful food thrown from the rigs and the absence of fishing around the rigs. (76 words)