新概念英语二册超详教案讲义笔记Lesson 81 Escape 脱逃

Lesson 81 Escape 脱逃
【New words and expressions】（14）
prisoner n. 囚犯
bush n. 灌木丛
rapidly adv. 迅速地
uniform n. 制服
rifle n. 来福枪，步枪
shoulder n. 肩
march v. 行进
boldly adv. 大胆地
blaze v. 闪耀
salute v. 行礼
elderly adj. 上了年纪的
grey adj. 灰白的
sharp adj. 猛烈的
blow n. 打击
★prisoner n. 囚犯
n. 囚犯 = jailbird
n. 俘虏
POW: a prisoner of war 战俘
eg. They were taken prisoner. 他们被俘虏了。
（prisoner前不加冠词。）
prison n. 监牢，监狱(jail)
eg. be in prison 坐牢
= be in jail
break prison 越狱
= break jail
behind bars 在狱中的
★bush n. 灌木丛（比tree低而且多枝）
shrub 灌木，灌木丛（从根部起分枝）
eg. a rose bush 玫瑰树
beat around the bush 旁敲侧击，拐弯抹角
= beat about the bush
beat the bush 到处搜寻
bushy adj. 灌木丛生的，灌木茂密的
★rapidly adv. 迅速地
反义词：slowly adv. 缓慢地
eg. speak rapidly 说得很快
speak more rapidly 说得更快
rapid
adj. 迅速的（反义词: slow)
eg. more rapid 更快
most rapid 最快
adj. 快速的，敏捷的
eg. a rapid stream 急流
a rapid worker 工作快速的人
He took a rapid glance at me . 他快速地瞥了我一眼。
Rapid progress was made. 进步非常快速。
Her thinking was rapid. 她脑子动得很快。
rapids n. 急流
rapidity n. 迅速，速度
with rapidity 以快速
with astonishing rapidity 以令人吃惊的快速
★uniform n. 制服
n. 制服
eg. a school uniform 学校校服
in uniform 穿着制服
out of uniform 穿着便服
All the students must wear uniforms at our school.
在我们学校所有的学生都必须穿校服。
adj. 相同的，同行的
eg. a row of uniform buildings 一排相同式样的建筑物
The boxes are uniform in weight. 这些箱子同样重。
adj. 不变的，一定的
eg. walk at a uniform pace 以一定的步伐走路
★rifle n. 来福枪，步枪
eg. hunting rifle 猎枪
trigger 扳机
barrel 枪管
gun 枪，手枪
machine gun 机枪
pistol 手枪，短枪
hold a pistol to a person’s head
用手枪顶着某人头威胁某人
★shoulder n. 肩
n. 肩膀
eg. sloping shoulder 削肩膀
square shoulder 平肩膀
She looked over her shoulder. 她回过头向后看。
shoulders 双肩
eg. Take the responsibility on your shoulders.
你要自己负起责任来。
My son’s finding employment took a load off my shoulders.
我儿子找到了工作，卸下了我肩上的担子。
n. 肩部；路肩；肩
eg. the shoulder of a mountain 山肩
the shoulder of a vase 花瓶的肩部
cry on one’s shoulder 向某人哭诉
give someone the cold shoulder 冷淡地对待（某人）
shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地
shrug one’s shoulders 耸肩
★march v. 行进
v. 行进；进军
eg. The troop marched along the street. 部队沿着街道前进。
The mayor marched at the head of the parade.
市长走在游行队伍的前面。
n. 行进，进军
eg. a day’s march 一日行军
a line of march 行军路线
n. 音乐进行曲
eg. a wedding march 婚礼进行曲
a death march 送葬曲，哀乐
= a funeral march
n. 发展，进展
eg. the march of science 科学的进步
the march of time 时间的流逝
March 3月
由罗马神话中战神Mars之月而来
★boldly adv. 大胆地，厚颜无耻地
bold
adj. 大胆的，不知道害怕的，有勇气的
反义词：coward adj. 胆怯的，怯懦的
timid adj. 胆怯的，羞怯的
eg. a bold idea 大胆的想法
a very bold action 非常大胆的举措
bold to do sth. 胆敢做某事
It is bold of sb. to do sth. (某人)真大胆，竟敢做某事
You’re bold to climb that mountain alone.
= It is bold of you to climb that mountain alone.
你真大胆，竟敢独自去爬那座山。
adj. (女性)厚颜无耻的，冒失的
eg. What a bold woman she is! 多冒失的女人啊！
adj. 笔画粗的
eg. the bold outline of a mountain 轮廓分明的山
as bold as brass 极其厚颜无耻的
★blaze v. 闪耀
v. 燃烧，冒火焰
eg. The fire blazed all day. 火燃烧一整天。
The noon sun blazed in the sky. 正午的太阳在天空闪闪发光。
v. 发怒，激怒
eg. He was blazing with anger. 他勃然大怒。
n. 火焰，火苗
eg. The fire burst into a blaze. 火烧得通红。
She was rescued from the blaze. 她被从大火中救了出来。
blazing adj. 炎热的
eg. a blazing sun 炽热的太阳
blazer n. 色彩鲜艳的运动上衣
（英国剑桥大学的划船选手身穿如火焰般红色的夹克为制服，故有此名。）
★salute v. 行礼
v. 敬礼，致敬，致意，问候或欢迎
eg. salute the flag 向旗帜敬礼
n. 敬礼
eg. give a salute 敬礼
salutation n. 问候，致意，致敬
★elderly adj. 上了年纪的
eg. an elderly gentleman 一位老先生
elder adj. 年龄较长的，年长的
older (美)
eg. one’s elder brother 某人的哥哥
one’s elder sister 某人的姐姐
an elder son 年龄较大的儿子
★grey adj. 灰白的
adj. 灰色的，老鼠色的（=gray)
eg. She has grey eyes.
adj. (头发)灰白的
eg. go gray = grow gray 变灰白
adj. 阴暗的，微暗的
eg. His future is gray. 他的前途黯淡。
gray weather 阴天
grey matter （口）智力，头脑
grey beard （深谋远虑的）老人
greyheaded 白头的，年老的
★sharp adj. 猛烈的
adj. 猛烈的，急剧的，凛冽的
eg. He was attacked by a sharp pain in his stomach.
他感到胃部剧痛。
a sharp wind 刺骨的寒风
adj. (刀口等）锋利的，锐利的
反义词：blunt, dull
eg. a sharp knife
adj. 呈锐角的，陡的
eg. He made a sharp turn to the right. 他向右急转弯
adj. 尖酸的，刻薄的
eg. sharp words = a sharp tongue 说话尖酸刻薄
adj. 敏锐的，灵敏的；聪明的，狡猾的
反义词：dull
eg. Dogs have sharp ears. 狗的听觉很灵敏。
a sharp politician 精明的政治家
clever gifted 有天分的
clever talented 有才能的
clever smart 伶俐的
clever sharp 精明的
clever inventive 有发明才能的
clever creative 有创造力的
clever resourceful 善于临机应变的
sharpen v. 削尖，使变尖锐
eg. sharpen a pencil with a knife 用小刀削铅笔
sharp-eyed adj. 洞察力敏锐的
sharply adv. 锋利地，严厉地
★blow n. 打击
n. 打击，殴打
eg. He gave me a blow on the head. 他打在我头上。
= He struck me a blow on the head.
I got such a blow that I fell down. 我被重重一击而倒下。
n. 精神上的打击，震撼
eg. Her father’s death was a great blow to her.
她父亲的去世给她重重的打击。
without striking a blow 轻易地，不费吹灰之力地
with one blow 一击
v. 吹，刮（blow - blew - blown)
eg. It is blowing hard today. 今天风刮得很猛。
The wind blew from the north. 风从北面吹来。
v. （风）吹动，被风吹动
eg. The wind has blown my hat off. 风把我帽子吹掉了。
The old tree was blown down. 这棵老树被吹倒了。
The door blew open. 门被风吹开了。
The door blew shut. 门被风吹得关上了。
The curtain blew in the wind. 窗帘在风中飘动。
v. 吹气
eg. He blew on the soup to cool it . 他把汤吹冷。
She blew on her cold hands. 她对着冰冷的手呵气。
短语：
eg. blow up 发脾气，爆炸
blow out 吹熄，熄灭
blow out a candle 吹灭蜡烛
【Text】
When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could.
参考译文
那个战俘杀死卫兵以后，迅速地把尸体拖进了灌木丛。他在黑暗中忙活了一阵儿，很快就换上了死者的衣服。现在他身穿蓝军装，肩扛步枪，在军营门前大胆地来回走看。他听得军营里面的喧闹声。那里灯米通明，人们在东奔西跑：他们刚刚发现有一个俘虏跑了。正在此时，一辆黑色大轿车在军营门口停了下来。里面坐了4个军官。军官们下了车，战俘立正站好，并在他们从他面前经过时敬了礼。他们走后，汽车司机向他走来，这人显然是想聊天。他上了年纪，有着灰白的头发和明亮的蓝眼睛。战俘为他感到惋惜，但却没有别的选择。当这个人走近时，战俘一拳把他打倒在地，然后跳进车里，以最快的速度把车开走了。
【课文讲解】
1、When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes.
when引导的时间状语从句，从句用人称代词he，主句用名词the prisoner战俘。
the prisoner of war 战俘（缩写为POW）
drag…into 拖进
eg. We dragged the carpet out of the room.
我们把地毯拖进房间。
He dragged the table into the corner.
他把桌子拖进角落里。
2、Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes.
Working rapidly in the darkness中working是现在分词，现在分词短语作状语
change into 换（衣）
eg. He changed out of his suit into jeans. 他脱掉西装，换上牛仔服。
change…for…
eg. I’d like to change this dress for another.
我想把这件连衣裙换成另一件。
for a change 换个口味
clothes n. 衣服，服装，衣物（pl.)
eg. put on one’s clothes 穿上衣服
take off one’s clothes 脱下衣服
in one’s best clothes 穿着盛装
Fine clothes make the man. (谚)佛要金装，人要衣装。
clothing 衣着，服装
（集合名词，只作单数，是区别于其他事物的抽象概念。）
eg. food, clothing and shelter 衣食住
You should give all this old clothing away.
你应该把所有这些旧衣服送人。
cloth [u]布（料）
[c]某种用途的布
eg. a wash cloth 毛巾
remove the cloth 收拾餐桌
She wiped the floor with a wet cloth. 她用块湿布擦地板。
I wanted to have a suit made so I bought three and a half yards of
cloth. 我想做套西服，因此买了三码半的布料。
3、Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp.
dressed in a blue uniform 中dressed是过去分词，过去分词短语作伴随状语
with a rifle over his shoulder 肩扛步枪
(介词短语作伴随状语）
up and down
上上下下
eg. The boys went up and down the stone steps.
这些男孩在石台阶上上下下。
He restlessly walked up and down the hall.
他不停地在大厅里来来回回地走。
She wandered up and down the street.
她在街上来回溜跶。
4、He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped.
Lights were blazing 灯火通明
here and there 到处，四处
eg. He walked here and there not knowing what to do.
他四处乱转，不知如何是好。
here and now 立刻
eg. I must be paid here and now. 我要求现在就付钱给我。
5、At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates.
stop at 在…停下来
stop in 逗留于，留在
stop by = pay sb. a short visit 拜访
= drop in on = drop by
The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed.
stand at/to attention 立正
= come to attention = Attention!
Attention, please! 请各位注意！
Stand at ease! 稍息！
salute 敬礼
eg. The soldier saluted smartly. 那个士兵行礼很有精
神。
take the salute 还礼，接受敬礼
greet 欢迎，迎接，打招呼
eg. He went to the station to greet his friend. 他去车站接他的朋友。
When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes.
clear
adj. 清澈的，透明的
eg. The water in the stream was very clear. 溪水非常清澈。
a girl with clear eyes 有着明亮眼睛的女孩
adj. 明了的，易了解的
eg. a clear voice 清晰可辨的声音
His instructions were very clear. 他讲授得条理非常清晰。
adj. 无障碍的
eg. a clear space 空地
a clear view 开放的视野
We can cross now. The road clear.
我们可以过马路了，路上没有车。
adj. 明朗的，无云的
eg. on a clear day 晴朗的一天
adj. 问心无愧的，无罪的
eg. a clear conscience 清白的良心
v. 收拾，清除
eg. Clear the rubbish, please. 请把垃圾清走。
clear a desk 清理桌子
clear up 天空放晴
clear out 收拾房间，整理
clearning n. (森林的)空地，开垦地
clearance n. 收拾，整理
clearance sale 清仓大甩卖
clear-cut adj. 清晰的；意义明确的
clearheaded adj. 头脑清晰的
The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do.
he cold do 是定语从句修饰nothing else
As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could.
jumping into the car是现在分词短语作状语
jump 跳，蹦，跃
hop 单脚跳
vault (用手或午支撑）跳跃
hurdle 跨栏跳跃
jumper 背心
（美：穿在衬衫外的）（英：套头式的毛线衣）
v. 向…跳，跃
eg. He jumped up. 他跳了起来。
jump down from the roof. 从房顶跳了下来。
jump ino a bus 跳进公共汽车
jump aside 跳到一边
jump for joy 高兴得跳了起来
jump to one’s feet 跳起来
jump at 欣然答应
jump to conclusions 轻率判断
n. 跳，跳跃
eg. the high jump 跳高
the long jump 跳远
= the broad jump
the pole jump 撑杆跳
n. 心跳
eg. give a person a jump 使…吓一跳
be one jump ahead 抢先一步
= stay one jump ahead
drive off 开走
= drive away
eg. drive sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
drive sb. mad 逼某人发疯
drive at 意指，打算，想说
【Key Structures】
介词at,in,to,with,into等用法
【Letter Writing】
结束语
Please give my love/regards to…
I hope you feel better soon.
【Special Difficulties】
Cloth，Clothes and Clothing
cloth
① n. 布，布料（不可数名词）
There’s enough cloth for a skirt.
Do you think the cloth will wear well 你认为这布料会耐穿吗？
② n. 抹布，桌布（可数名词）
Wipe up the mess with a cloth.
clothes n. 衣服，服装（后面动词用复数形式）
My clothes are mostly bought from abroad.
clothing n. 服装的总称（不可数名词，包括衣服、鞋、帽等）
He still needs some winter clothing.
Salute and Greet
salute v. 行军礼，（向……）敬礼
The guard saluted as the officers passed.
The guard saluted the officers.
greet v. 打招呼，欢迎，迎接
When we arrived, the whole family stood up to greet us.
He greeted Dan with a nod.
Clear and Clean
clear
① adj. 清澈的，明亮的，晴朗的
He was rather elderly with clear blue eyes.
Seeing that it was a clear day, he drove to the countryside.
② adj. 清楚的，明确的，明了的
I want to make it clear that I’m not paying the bill.
③ adj. 畅通的，无障碍的，无危险的
You can drive fast only when you are on a clear road.
clean
① adj. 干净的
These cups are not very clean.
② adj. 无污点的，无犯罪历史的
He has a clean record. 他一贯表现很好（没有前科）。
【Summary Writing】
After having killed the guard, the prisoner of war dragged him into the bushes and changed into his clothes. Then he put the rifle over his shoulder and marched up and down in front of the camp. A short time afterwards, four officers drove up in a car, so he stood to attention and saluted. When they had gone, the driver came towards him and after he had knocked him out, the prisoner jumped into the car and drove away.
As soon as he had killed the guard and dragged him into the bushes, the prisoner of war changed into his clothes. With a rifle over his shoulder, he was marching up and down in front of the camp when four officers drove up in a car. He stood to attetnion and saluted. When the driver came towards him, the prisoner knocked him out. Then, jumping into the car, he drove away.